Ukadaulo wa Firiji Wokhala ndi Chinyezi Chokha
Mafiriji salinso "mabokosi ozizira" ongochepetsa kuwonongeka. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, luso lopanga mafiriji m'nyumba lapita patsogolo mofulumira, makamaka pakutha kusunga chakudya kukhala chatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chikupezeka kwambiri m'mafiriji amakono ndi kulamulira chinyezi chokha - ukadaulo womwe umathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mkati mwa malo osungira kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa za zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ndi kulamulira kolondola, ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala zouma, zipatso sizimafewa mwachangu, ndipo zakudya zofewa monga tchizi kapena nyama zimasungidwa bwino.
N’chifukwa chiyani chinyezi chili chofunika mufiriji?
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kutentha ndiye chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chatsopano. Komabe, chinyezi chocheperako (RH) chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ngati chinyezicho chili chochepa kwambiri, chakudya—makamaka ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso—zimataya madzi mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zifota, zikwinya, komanso zichepetse ubwino. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chinyezicho chili chokwera kwambiri, madzi amaundana, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa nkhungu ndi mabakiteriya ndikupangitsa kuti malo a chakudya azikhala oterera mwachangu.
Chabwino, firiji iyenera kukhala ndi "malo" okhala ndi chinyezi chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ndiwo zamasamba, nthawi zambiri zimafuna chinyezi chambiri kuti zisafote. Komabe, mitundu ina ya zipatso imakonda chinyezi chapakati kuti isawonongeke komanso kuti isapse kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo womwe umasinthira chinyezi chokha ndi njira yothandiza yomwe imachepetsa kudalira zizolowezi za ogwiritsa ntchito pamanja.
Kodi kulamulira chinyezi chokha n'chiyani?
Kuwongolera chinyezi chokha ndi njira yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'chipinda china (nthawi zambiri chotengera zipatso, malo atsopano, kapena malo osungiramo zinthu) ndikuzisintha popanda kufunikira kusintha kovuta ndi manja. Kusinthaku kungatheke pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo: kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya, kutsegula/kutseka ma ventilator, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya, kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zowongolera monga nembanemba/ma vavu zomwe zimayendetsa kusinthana kwa mpweya wonyowa.
Mu mafiriji achikhalidwe, chinyezi nthawi zambiri "chimatengedwa" ndi njira yoziziritsira: pamene mpweya wozizira ukuzungulira, nthunzi ya madzi imatha kuzizira ndikuumitsa mpweya kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, madera ena amakhala ouma kwambiri, makamaka pamene mpweya uli wamphamvu. Dongosolo lodziyimira lokha limayesetsa kulinganiza izi mwa kusunga kapena kuwonjezera chinyezi ngati pakufunika.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili mu dongosolo lowongolera chinyezi
1. Chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa chipangizo choyezera
Mafiriji amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sensa yophatikizana yomwe imayesa kutentha ndi chinyezi. Sensa iyi imagwira ntchito ngati "maso" a dongosolo, kutumiza deta yeniyeni ku gawo lowongolera. Sensa ikalondola kwambiri, kusintha kolondola kumatha kuchitika.
2. Gawo lowongolera (microcontroller/algorithm)
Deta yochokera ku masensa imakonzedwa ndi gawo lowongolera. Apa ndi pomwe njira yogwiritsira ntchito imatsimikizira ngati chinyezi chiyenera kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa. Makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yokhazikika, pomwe mitundu yapamwamba imatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera yomwe imaganizira momwe zitseko zimatsekedwera ndi kutsekedwa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso momwe chipinda chilili.
3. Choyeretsera: valavu, chonyowetsa mpweya, kapena chowongolera fani
Firiji ikangopangidwa, imagwiritsa ntchito "zida zogwirira ntchito" zake: kutsegula chopondera mpweya kuti mpweya wouma ulowe, kuchepetsa mpweya, kapena kutsogolera kuyenda kwa mpweya ku chipinda china. Kukhazikitsa mafani ndi njira yodziwika bwino chifukwa liwiro la mafani limakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuumitsa kwa mpweya.
4. Kapangidwe ka chipinda ndi zipangizo zake
Zinthu zakuthupi zimathandiziranso kuti chinyezi chiziyenda bwino. Ma drawer okhala ndi zisindikizo zolimba amasunga chinyezi bwino. Ma drawer ena ali ndi njira zoyezera mpweya kuti mpweya uzitha kusinthana pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ndiwo zamasamba zisaume msanga.
Momwe imagwirira ntchito: kuwonjezeka poyerekeza ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi
Kuti chinyontho chiwonjezeke, nthawi zambiri dongosololi limachepetsa kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi chipinda chachikulu chouma. Ndi ma venti otsekedwa kwambiri komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, nthunzi ya madzi kuchokera ku chakudya (monga ndiwo zamasamba zomwe "zimapuma") imasonkhana, zomwe zimawonjezera RH. Ma drowa a masamba okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo iyi.
Kuti achepetse chinyezi, ma ventileur amatsegulidwa mokulirapo kotero kuti mpweya wonyowa ulowe m'malo mwa mpweya wouma wochokera mufiriji. Mu mitundu ina, mpweya wozizira umayendetsedwa mwamphamvu kuti upangitse kuuma m'malo enaake (monga evaporator), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wouma ukhale m'chipindamo. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chinyezi chochulukirapo chomwe chingayambitse kukula kwa nkhungu.
Ubwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito
1. Kutsitsimuka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa chakudya
Ndi chinyezi choyenera, masamba obiriwira safota msanga, kaloti samakhala ndi utsi, ndipo zipatso zina sizimaola msanga. Zotsatira zake n'zofunika kwambiri: chakudya chimadyedwa kawirikawiri, m'malo motayidwa.
2. Ubwino wa kapangidwe ndi kukoma zimasungidwa
Kupatula kuoneka watsopano, chakudya chimathandizanso kuti chikhale ndi kapangidwe kake. Letesi wokazinga, nkhaka zosakwinya, kapena zitsamba zatsopano zomwe siziuma msanga zimapangitsa kuti zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zikhale zabwino.
3. Zothandiza kwambiri kuposa zoikamo pamanja
Mafiriji ena akale amakhala ndi switch ya "high/low humidity" pa kabati. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaiwala kapena samvetsa nthawi yoti asinthe. Makina odzipangira okha amapanga zosintha popanda kufunikira kuyesa ndi kulakwitsa.
4. Amachepetsa fungo ndi kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zina
Chinyezi chochuluka chingafulumizitse kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwonjezera fungo. Kulamulira mosalekeza kumathandiza kuthana ndi zoopsazi, makamaka zikaphatikizidwa ndi fyuluta ya kaboni yoyendetsedwa kapena ionizer (pa mitundu ina).
Zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa
Kuwongolera chinyezi chokha nthawi zambiri kumabwera ndi zinthu zina, monga:
– Malo oziziritsira mpweya wambiri kapena odziyimira pawokha: mpweya wosiyana pa chipinda chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'ana kutentha ndi chinyezi.
– Malo atsopano / malo ozizira: chipinda chotentha chotsika pang'ono cha nyama/nsomba kuti chikhale nthawi yayitali popanda kuzizira.
– Chotsukira mpweya ndi fyuluta yoletsa mabakiteriya: zimathandiza kuti mpweya ukhale woyera, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamene chinyezi chili chochuluka.
– Kuwunika mwanzeru (pulogalamu): mafiriji ena amasonyeza kutentha/chinyezi, kukudziwitsani za zitseko zotseguka, kapena kupereka malingaliro a malo osungira chakudya.
Zinthu zoti muganizire musanagule
1. Mtundu wa kulamulira chinyezi ndi malo a madera ake
Onetsetsani kuti firiji yanu ili ndi kabati kapena chipinda chosungiramo zinthu chomwe chimapangidwira chinyezi cholamulidwa. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi "crisper" yokhazikika, pomwe ina ili ndi masensa ndi ma actuator apadera.
2. Kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu ndi zizolowezi zake
Kulamulira chinyezi kumakhala kothandiza ngati zipindazo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe mukufunira. Ngati chotengera cha masamba chilibe kanthu, kusunga chinyezi chokhazikika kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati chadzaza kwambiri, chingalepheretse kuyenda kwa madzi m'thupi ndikupanga malo oundana.
3. Kusamalira mosavuta
Ngakhale makina apamwamba amafunika kukonzedwa: kutsuka ma drawer, kuonetsetsa kuti njira zotulutsira madzi sizikutsekedwa, komanso kusunga zitseko zotsekera zili zoyera. Chinyezi chochuluka mu drawer ya masamba ndi chabwino, koma ngati zinthu zotayikira sizikusamalidwa, nkhungu imatha kukula mosavuta.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu
Kulamulira chinyezi nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwongolera fani ndi damper. Mu mafiriji abwino, njira iyi idapangidwa kuti ikhale yothandiza: imangosintha kayendedwe ka mpweya popanda kugwiritsa ntchito compressor mopitirira muyeso. Samalani mphamvu zomwe chizindikirocho chimagwiritsa ntchito komanso mbiri ya magwiridwe antchito a kampaniyi.
Malangizo okulitsa mphamvu yowongolera chinyezi yokha
– Sungani ndiwo zamasamba m'mabokosi okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, osati m'mashelefu otseguka okhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
– Musasunge chakudya chotentha chifukwa nthunzi ingayambitse kuzizira kwambiri komanso kusokoneza kayendedwe ka chinyezi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito zidebe zobowoka kapena mapepala oyenera: ndiwo zamasamba zina zimakhala bwino "kupuma", pomwe zina zimafunika chidebe chotsekedwa kuti zisaume msanga.
- Pewani kutsegula chitseko pafupipafupi kwa nthawi yayitali; makinawa adzagwira ntchito molimbika kuti kutentha ndi chinyezi zikhazikike bwino.
Tsogolo la firiji: lanzeru komanso lolondola kwambiri
Mtsogolomu, kulamulira chinyezi kumatha kukhala kolondola kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito masensa ambiri ndi kusanthula deta. Mafiriji amatha kuzindikira njira zosungira, kusintha madera kutengera mitundu ya chakudya yomwe imasungidwa nthawi zambiri, komanso kulangiza magulu kuti akhale atsopano kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kumeneku, kuphatikiza ukadaulo woziziritsa womwe umasunga mphamvu, zipangizo zotenthetsera mpweya wabwino, ndi makina osefera mpweya, kudzapangitsa mafiriji kukhala osati zida zosungira zokha komanso zida zomwe zimasunga chakudya bwino.
Pomaliza, ukadaulo wa firiji wokhala ndi chinyezi chodziyimira pawokha umapereka zabwino zenizeni: nthawi yayitali yosungiramo zinthu, khalidwe labwino, komanso zochitika zosavuta kukhitchini. Kwa mabanja omwe nthawi zambiri amasunga zakudya zatsopano, izi sizongowonjezera chabe, koma ndalama zochepa zomwe zimathandiza kusunga ndalama zogulira zakudya ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chakudya.
