Kudziwa Chitsanzo cha Uphungu wa Maganizo
Chitsanzo cha uphungu wa maganizo ndi njira yolangizira yomwe imagogomezera kufunika komvetsetsa moyo wamkati mwa munthu—makamaka njira zamaganizo zosazindikira—ngati njira yofotokozera malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi khalidwe. Njira imeneyi imachokera ku mwambo wa psychoanalytic womwe unayambitsidwa ndi Sigmund Freud, kenako unapangidwa kudzera m'malingaliro a anthu ena monga Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Melanie Klein, Anna Freud, Donald Winnicott, ndipo potsiriza kudzera mu njira yokhudzana ndi zinthu ndi psychology ya ego. Mu machitidwe a uphungu wamakono, chitsanzo cha psychodynamic nthawi zonse sichifanana ndi chithandizo cha psychoanalytic chachitali komanso champhamvu, koma chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira yachidule, yolunjika, komanso yoyenera kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala amakono.
Chiphunzitso cha Mizu ndi Malingaliro Oyambira
Kawirikawiri, uphungu wa maganizo umachokera pa malingaliro angapo ofunikira. Choyamba, moyo wamaganizo wa munthu umakhudzidwa ndi njira zosazindikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zina mwa zoyeserera zathu, mikangano, mantha, ndi zosowa zathu zimagwira ntchito "mseri" popanda kuzindikira kwathunthu, komabe zimakhudza momwe timayankhira m'maganizo ndi zisankho zathu za khalidwe. Chachiwiri, zokumana nazo zaubwana zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga machitidwe a umunthu ndi momwe anthu amamangira ubale. Zokumana nazo zoyambirira ndi osamalira zimatha kupanga "ma templeti" okhudza ngati dziko lili lotetezeka, ngati ndife oyenera kukondedwa, komanso momwe tingathanirane ndi kupsinjika maganizo kapena kukanidwa. Chachitatu, mikangano yamkati—mwachitsanzo, pakati pa zilakolako ndi miyambo, zosowa ndi mantha, kapena zilakolako zankhanza ndi kudzimva kuti ndife olakwa—nthawi zambiri zimakhala magwero a zizindikiro zamaganizo.
Mosiyana ndi njira zomwe zimagogomezera kusintha kwa khalidwe mwachindunji, psychodynamics imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi "chifukwa" chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro: chifukwa chake munthu akupitirizabe kuda nkhawa ngakhale kuti mkhalidwe weniweni ndi wotetezeka, chifukwa chake machitidwe opweteka aubwenzi amabwerezabwereza, kapena chifukwa chake wina amavutika kufotokoza zosowa zake mwanjira yabwino.
Malingaliro Ofunika mu Uphungu wa Maganizo
Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uphungu wa psychodynamic:
1. Wosazindikira
Chikumbumtima chimamveka ngati gawo la maganizo lomwe limasunga zochitika, malingaliro, ndi zilakolako zomwe sizipezeka mosavuta koma zimakhudza khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene akuwoneka kuti akuvutika kukhulupirira ena akhoza kukhala ndi zochitika za kuperekedwa kapena kusiyidwa zomwe sizinakonzedwe mokwanira.
2. Njira Zodzitetezera
Chitetezo ndi njira zamaganizo zochepetsera nkhawa kapena malingaliro omwe amamveka olemetsa. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo kukana, kuwonetsa, kulingalira, kupondereza, komanso nthabwala. Chitetezo sichoipa nthawi zonse—nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosinthika—koma chingakhale chovuta ngati chikhala cholimba kwambiri ndikulepheretsa kukula.
3. Kusamutsa ndi Kusamutsa Motsutsana
Kusamutsa kumachitika pamene kasitomala akusintha malingaliro, ziyembekezo, kapena machitidwe a ubale kuchokera m'mbuyomu (mwachitsanzo, kwa kholo) kupita kwa mlangizi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusamutsa wina ndi mnzake ndi momwe mlangizi amayankhira maganizo ake kwa kasitomala, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe wakumana nazo. Mu chitsanzo cha psychodynamic, mphamvu imeneyi si chopinga chokha, koma ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la chidziwitso chomvetsetsa machitidwe a ubale wa kasitomala.
4. Kuzindikira (Kumvetsetsa Kwambiri)
Cholinga chofunikira cha uphungu wamaganizo ndi kuthandiza makasitomala kupeza chidziwitso: kumvetsetsa bwino zolinga zawo, mikangano yawo, ndi machitidwe awo obwerezabwereza a ubale. Chidziwitso chimapitirira "chidziwitso chanzeru" mpaka mbali zamaganizo, ndikutsegula mwayi wosintha kwambiri.
5. Makhalidwe a Ubale ndi Kugwirizana
Makhalidwe ambiri amakono okhudza maganizo amaphatikizapo chiphunzitso cha kudziphatika. Nkhani monga nkhawa yosiya munthu, kufunikira kwambiri kutsimikizika, kapena kulephera kudzimva kuti ndi wotetezeka muubwenzi nthawi zambiri zimamveka kudzera mu malingaliro a zomwe zimachitika munthu akangoyamba kukondana.
Zolinga za Uphungu wa Maganizo
Cholinga chachikulu cha njira yogwiritsira ntchito maganizo sikuti kungochepetsa zizindikiro, koma kuthandiza makasitomala kumvetsetsa chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli ndikusintha machitidwe ake. Zolinga zina ndi izi:
- kuwonjezera kudzidziwa bwino za malingaliro, zosowa, ndi mikangano yamkati;
- kuzindikira machitidwe obwerezabwereza a ubale ndi magwero ake akale;
- kupanga njira zosinthira zowongolera malingaliro;
- kulimbitsa luso loganizira bwino komanso kudziletsa;
- pangani kudzidziwika kokhazikika komanso koyenera.
Nthawi zambiri, pamene kumvetsetsa maganizo ndi mphamvu zikuwonjezeka, zizindikiro monga nkhawa, chisoni chosatha, kapena kuvutika kumanga ubale zimatha kuchepa pang'onopang'ono.
Njira ndi Njira Zogwirira Ntchito
Uphungu wa maganizo nthawi zambiri umachitika kudzera m'makambirano ozama okhudza zomwe zimakuchitikirani, maubwenzi, ndi tanthauzo. Aphungu nthawi zambiri amalola makasitomala kufufuza malingaliro awo momasuka (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mgwirizano waulere), ngakhale kuti izi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse "monga" monga kusanthula kwa psychoanalysis yakale. Njira zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Kufufuza nkhani za moyo: alangizi amathandiza makasitomala kuona zinthu zomwe zimachitika ali ana, maubwenzi ofunikira, ndi zochitika zamaganizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aganizire bwino zinthu.
– Kufotokozera bwino ndi kukangana mofatsa: mlangizi amapempha kasitomala kuti ayang'anenso kusagwirizana, kupewa, kapena machitidwe osazindikira popanda kuweruza.
- Kutanthauzira: mlangizi amapereka malingaliro okhudza tanthauzo la malingaliro kapena khalidwe, mwachitsanzo momwe mkwiyo woponderezedwa umasandukira kudzidzudzula kapena nkhawa.
- Yang'anani kwambiri pa "pano ndi pano" mu ubale wa uphungu: momwe wodwalayo akumvera pa uphungu, monga kuopa kuweruzidwa kapena kufuna kusangalatsa, kungakhale chiwonetsero cha ubale kunja kwa gawoli.
Ma psychodynamic amakono nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzedwa bwino. Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy (ISTDP) imayang'ana kwambiri mikangano yayikulu ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito njira zogwira mtima kwambiri kuti ithandize kupeza malingaliro opewedwa.
Ubwino ndi Zofooka
Mphamvu ya uphungu wamaganizo ili mu kuya kwake. Njira imeneyi imathandiza makasitomala kumvetsetsa chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto ndikupanga kusintha kokhalitsa chifukwa imathetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mavutowo, osati zizindikiro zowonekera chabe. Uphungu wamtunduwu ndi wothandiza pa nkhani za umunthu, maubwenzi, kuvulala kwa chitukuko, kuvutika kulamulira malingaliro, ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza omwe amamveka ngati "osamveka" akafotokozedwa kokha pazochitika zomwe zikuchitika pano.
Komabe, pali zoletsa zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Choyamba, chithandizo cha maganizo nthawi zambiri chimafuna nthawi ndi kudzipereka, makamaka ngati nkhanizo ndi zovuta komanso zokhudzana ndi zoopsa kapena ubale wa nthawi yayitali. Chachiwiri, kwa makasitomala ena omwe amafunikira luso lothandiza mwachangu (monga njira zina zothanirana ndi nkhawa), njira iyi ingawoneke ngati "yothandiza" ngati sikuphatikizidwa ndi njira zina. Chachitatu, kupambana kwa chithandizo kumadalira kwambiri mtundu wa ubale wochiritsira, kukonzeka kwa kasitomala kuganizira, komanso luso la mlangizi pakuwongolera kusamutsa ndi kusamutsa wodwalayo.
Chitsanzo Chachidule Chogwiritsira Ntchito
Mwachitsanzo, kasitomala angadandaule za nkhawa zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene mnzake akuchedwa kuyankha mauthenga. Amadziwa bwino kuti mnzakeyo ndi wotanganidwa, koma maganizo ake amakula: kuopa kusiyidwa, mkwiyo, ndi chisoni. Mu njira yoganizira zamaganizo, mlangizi adzafufuza zomwe zinachitika kale zomwe zingapangitse kuti munthu asamavutike kusamala, zomwe zinachitika chifukwa cha kusiyidwa, kapena machitidwe a m'banja omwe adachepetsa chikondi. Kudzera mu njirayi, kasitomala amaphunzira kuzindikira mabala omwe adayambiranso, kusiyanitsa zakale ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano, ndikupanga mayankho okhwima.
Kutseka
Kumvetsetsa chitsanzo cha uphungu wa maganizo kumatanthauza kumvetsetsa kuti anthu amatsogoleredwa osati ndi malingaliro ozindikira okha ndi zisankho zomveka, komanso ndi malingaliro obisika, mikangano yamkati, ndi zizindikiro za ubale wakale. Njira iyi imapereka malo otetezeka ofufuzira tanthauzo, kumvetsetsa machitidwe obwerezabwereza, ndikupanga kusintha kuchokera mkati. M'dziko lamakono lachangu, uphungu wa maganizo umatikumbutsa kuti kuchiritsa si nthawi zonse yankho lachangu, koma njira yolumikizirana ndi zokumana nazo zamaganizo zomwe sizinanyalanyazidwepo kale—mpaka anthu atatha kukhala ndi moyo mwanzeru, momasuka, komanso moona mtima.
