Makompyuta a pakompyuta okhala ndi chithandizo cha NVMe SSD
Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wosungira deta kwasintha momwe timagwiritsira ntchito makompyuta. Ngakhale kuti ma hard disk drive (HDD) anali kale muyezo, kenako anasamutsidwira ku ma SATA SSD othamanga, ma NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) SSD tsopano ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino, makamaka pa makompyuta apakompyuta. Thandizo la NVMe SSD pa makompyuta apakompyuta si "chinthu" chokha, koma kusintha kwakukulu pa liwiro lowerenga ndi kulemba deta, momwe makina amagwirira ntchito, komanso zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku—kaya ndi ntchito, kuphunzira, kusewera, kapena kupanga zomwe zili.
Kodi NVMe SSD ndi chiyani?
NVMe SSD ndi mtundu wa solid-state drive yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya NVMe kuti ilumikizane ndi makina kudzera mu njira za PCI Express (PCIe). Uku ndi kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma SATA SSD, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a SATA ndi protocol ya AHCI (yomwe idapangidwira ma HDD poyamba). Chifukwa NVMe idapangidwira makamaka kukumbukira kosasinthasintha (flash), imatha kuthana ndi mizere yayikulu yamalamulo komanso latency yotsika. Zotsatira zake: kusamutsa deta mwachangu kwambiri komanso makina oyankha bwino.
Mwachilengedwe, ma NVMe SSD nthawi zambiri amabwera mu M.2 form factor (monga "timitengo" tating'ono tomwe timalowa mwachindunji mu bolodi la amayi). Komabe, palinso ma NVMe SSD omwe amapezeka mu mtundu wa PCIe card (add-in) wa ma desktops enaake kapena omwe amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu komanso kuziziritsa.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Ma Desktops Amapindula ndi NVMe?
Makompyuta apakompyuta amapereka ubwino wokhala ndi malo ambiri, njira zambiri zosinthira, komanso kuziziritsa bwino kuposa ma laputopu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pa ma NVMe SSD, omwe amatha kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri ndikupanga kutentha kwambiri akamanyamula katundu wolemera. Mothandizidwa ndi ma motherboard amakono, ma desktops amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaposachedwa za PCIe (PCIe 3.0, 4.0, ndi 5.0), zomwe zimathandiza ma NVMe SSD kuti agwire bwino ntchito.
Kumbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ubwino wodziwika kwambiri ndi nthawi yochepa yoyambira, kutsegulira mapulogalamu mwachangu, kutsegula masewera mwachangu, komanso kusamutsa mafayilo akuluakulu bwino kwambiri. Pa ntchito zopanga monga kusintha makanema a 4K/8K, kupanga, ndi kukonza deta yayikulu, ma NVMe SSD amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yodikira.
Kusiyana Pakati pa NVMe ndi SATA SSDs: Kodi Zotsatira zake ndi Zotani?
Anthu ambiri amafunsa kuti, "Kodi ma SSD a SATA sali othamanga kale?" Zoonadi, ma SSD a SATA ndi othamanga kwambiri kuposa ma HDD. Komabe, ma SSD a SATA ali ndi malire ndi bandwidth ya SATA, yomwe mwachiyembekezo imakhala pafupifupi 6 Gbps (pafupifupi 550 MB/s). Pakadali pano, ma SSD a NVMe ochokera ku PCIe amatha kupitirira chiwerengero chimenecho kangapo.
Monga mwachidule:
– SATA SSD: pafupifupi 500–550 MB/s (kuwerenga/kulemba motsatizana).
– NVMe PCIe 3.0 x4 : ikhoza kukhala pafupifupi 2.500–3.500 MB/s.
– NVMe PCIe 4.0 x4 : ikhoza kukhala pafupifupi 5.000–7.500 MB/s.
– NVMe PCIe 5.0 x4 : mwina mphamvu yoposa 10.000 MB/s pa mitundu ina.
Kusiyana kumeneku sikumveka mofanana nthawi zonse m'zochitika zonse. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta monga kulemba kapena kusakatula, zonse ziwiri zimayankha mofanana. Komabe, potumiza mafayilo akuluakulu, kukhazikitsa masewera okhala ndi ma gigabytes ambiri, kutsegula mapulojekiti akuluakulu osinthira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ofunikira deta yambiri, NVMe imamva bwino kwambiri.
Zofunikira pa Kompyuta ya Pakompyuta Kuti Zithandizire NVMe SSD
Kuti kompyuta yanu ya pakompyuta igwiritse ntchito NVMe SSD, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zingapo:
1. Bodi ya mama ili ndi malo a M.2 omwe amathandizira NVMe.
Si ma M.2 slots onse omwe amathandizira okha NVMe. Ma motherboard ena akale ali ndi M.2 koma amathandizira SATA yokha. Chifukwa chake, yang'anani zomwe zili mu motherboard: ziyenera kulemba kuti "M.2 PCIe/NVMe."
2. Thandizo la BIOS/UEFI poyambitsa kuchokera ku NVMe
Ma motherboard amakono nthawi zambiri amathandiza kuyambitsa ma NVMe. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito motherboard yakale, mungafunike kusintha BIOS yanu.
3. Njira za PCIe ndi kugawa kwawo
NVMe imagwiritsa ntchito njira za PCIe. Pa ma motherboard ena, kuyika NVMe SSD mu malo enaake kungalepheretse ma SATA ports ena kapena kugawana bandwidth ndi malo ena a PCIe. Izi ndizofunikira ngati mumagwiritsanso ntchito makadi ambiri osungira kapena okulitsa.
4. Kupanga ma PCIe (ngati mukufuna koma ndikofunikira)
Ma SSD a PCIe 4.0 adzagwirabe ntchito pa ma motherboard a PCIe 3.0, koma liwiro lawo lidzatsatira malire a PCIe 3.0. Kugwirizana nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsimikizika, ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito kokha.
NVMe ya Masewera: Yofunikira Kapena Ayi?
Pamasewera, ma NVMe SSD amapereka zabwino makamaka pakukweza: kulowa mwachangu pamapu, nthawi yochepa yoyendera mwachangu, komanso kukhazikitsa/kukonza bwino. M'masewera ena amakono, makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsatsira zinthu mwachangu, kusungira mwachangu kumathandiza kuchepetsa kugwedezeka chifukwa deta imatha kubwezedwa kuchokera ku drive mwachangu.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ma FPS (mafelemu pa sekondi) nthawi zambiri sikuti nthawi yomweyo kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cha NVMe. Ma FPS amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi CPU ndi GPU. Ubwino wa NVMe umaonekera kwambiri pamasewera: nthawi yotsitsa mwachangu komanso mayankho osavuta a makina pamene masewera amafuna deta yambiri.
NVMe ya Kupanga ndi Kupanga Zinthu
Mu dziko la ntchito ndi kupanga zinthu, ma NVMe SSD nthawi zambiri amakhala odziwika bwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kusintha kanema: kutsuka nthawi bwino, kusungira mwachangu, kutumiza kunja kungathandizidwe ngati pulogalamuyo ikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wambiri wa disk.
- Kapangidwe ka zithunzi ndi kujambula zithunzi: mafayilo akuluakulu a RAW amatsegulidwa ndikusungidwa mwachangu.
- Kupanga mapulogalamu: kumanga mapulojekiti akuluakulu ndi IDE indexing kungakhale kofulumira.
- Sayansi ya deta: kuyika deta yayikulu, njira zowerengera/kulemba mozama, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma disk okanda.
Ngati nthawi zambiri mumasuntha mafayilo okhala ndi ma gigabytes makumi mpaka mazana ambiri, NVMe ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Mphamvu ndi Mtundu wa NAND: Kusankha Yoyenera
Posankha NVMe SSD ya desktop, ganizirani izi:
– Kuchuluka: 500 GB ndi yoyenera machitidwe ndi mapulogalamu oyambira, 1 TB ndi malo otetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, pomwe 2 TB kapena kuposerapo ndi abwino kwa osewera omwe ali ndi malaibulale akuluakulu kapena opanga zomwe zili.
– Mtundu wa NAND: TLC nthawi zambiri imapereka mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo. QLC nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo pa GB iliyonse, koma magwiridwe antchito olembedwa nthawi zonse amatha kuchepa pamene cache yadzaza. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, TLC nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka.
– DRAM cache: Ma SSD okhala ndi ukadaulo wa DRAM kapena HMB (Host Memory Buffer) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika. HMB ndi yabwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, koma katundu wolemera amatha kupindula ndi DRAM.
Mavuto a Kutentha ndi Kutulutsa Mphamvu
Liwiro lalikulu limapangitsa kutentha. NVMe SSD yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imatha kukhala ndi kutentha pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro lichepe mwachangu kufika pa kutentha kochepa. Yankho:
- Gwiritsani ntchito heatsink ya M.2 (ma motherboard ambiri amapereka kale imodzi).
- Onetsetsani kuti mpweya wotuluka m'chikwama uli bwino.
- Pewani kuyika ma NVMe SSD pafupi kwambiri ndi magwero otentha monga ma GPU opanda mpweya.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe nthawi zambiri amachita kusamutsa kwakukulu kapena kuwonetsa ma disk ambiri, kuziziritsa kwa SSD kumakhala kofunikira.
Njira Yabwino Yosungira Zinthu pa Kompyuta
Anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- NVMe (yoyamba) ya OS, mapulogalamu, ndi masewera omwe amaseweredwa pafupipafupi.
- SATA SSD kapena HDD (yachiwiri) ya zosungira zakale, mafayilo akale, zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi ma media akuluakulu.
Njira imeneyi imagwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo. NVMe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuyankha mwachangu, pomwe malo ena osungira deta amasunga deta yosafikirika kawirikawiri.
Mapeto
Makompyuta apakompyuta okhala ndi ma NVMe SSD amapereka kusintha kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito, makamaka pa liwiro lokweza, kusamutsa mafayilo, ndi kuyankha kwa makina. Poyerekeza ndi ma SATA SSD, NVMe imapereka bandwidth yokwera kwambiri kuposa PCIe komanso kuchedwa kochepa chifukwa cha protocol yopangidwira ma SSD. Pamasewera, phindu lalikulu lili pakukweza ndi kutsitsa zinthu, pomwe pakupanga zinthu ndi kupanga zomwe zili, NVMe imatha kusunga nthawi yochuluka pantchito zambiri zokhudzana ndi data.
Ngati mukumanga kapena kukweza kompyuta yanu, kuonetsetsa kuti NVMe ikuthandizira ndi njira yanzeru yokonzekera bwino kompyuta yanu kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zamakono. Mukasankha NVMe SSD yoyenera—poganizira mphamvu, mtundu wa NAND, chithandizo cha bolodi la amayi, ndi kuziziritsa—mutha kupeza kompyuta yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachangu, yoyankha, komanso yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
