Momwe Mungayikitsire Linux pa PC ya Windows
Linux yakhala njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito, makamaka pakati pa okonda ukadaulo, opanga mapulogalamu, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna njira ina m'malo mwa Windows. Kuphunzira Linux sikuyenera kukhala kovuta, ndipo bukuli lidzakutsogolerani pang'onopang'ono pakuyika Linux pa PC yanu ya Windows.
1. Kukonzekera Koyamba
Tisanayambe njira yokhazikitsa, pali njira zingapo zokonzekera zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa:
Kusunga Deta: Onetsetsani kuti mwasunga deta yonse yofunika pa kompyuta yanu ya Windows. Kukhazikitsa deta kungayambitse kutayika kwa deta ngati sikunachitike bwino.
Sankhani Kugawa kwa Linux: Pali ma distros ambiri a Linux (distros) omwe alipo, monga Ubuntu, Fedora, Mint, ndi ena ambiri. Mu bukhuli, tigwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu ngati chitsanzo, chifukwa imadziwika kuti ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Tsitsani Ubuntu ISO: Pitani patsamba lovomerezeka la Ubuntu (ubuntu.com) ndikutsitsa fayilo yaposachedwa ya ISO.
2. Pangani USB Yoyambira
Kuti muyike Ubuntu, muyenera kupanga bootable USB drive kuchokera pa fayilo ya ISO yomwe mwatsitsa. Tsatirani izi:
Konzani USB Flash Drive (yosachepera 4GB):
Kugwiritsa ntchito Rufus pa Windows:
- Tsitsani ndikuyika Rufus patsamba lake lovomerezeka.
- Tsegulani Rufus, sankhani USB drive yanu mu 'Chipangizo'.
– Mu gawo la 'Kusankha Boot', sankhani 'Chithunzi cha Disk kapena ISO (Chonde sankhani)' ndipo pezani fayilo ya Ubuntu ISO yomwe mwatsitsa.
– Dinani 'Yambani' ndikutsatira malangizo kuti mupange drive ya USB yoyambira. Njirayi idzachotsa deta yonse pa drive ya USB, choncho onetsetsani kuti mwasunga deta iliyonse yofunika pasadakhale.
3. Konzani PC BIOS/UEFI
Kuti kompyuta yanu iyambe kugwira ntchito kuchokera ku USB, mungafunike kusintha makonda anu a BIOS kapena UEFI:
Lowetsani BIOS/UEFI: Yambitsaninso kompyuta yanu ndikulowetsa BIOS/UEFI mwa kukanikiza batani loyenera (nthawi zambiri Del, F2, F10 kapena Esc mukayamba, kutengera mtundu wa PC yanu).
Sinthani Dongosolo la Boot: Mu menyu ya BIOS/UEFI, yang'anani makonda a Boot Order kapena Boot Menu. Ikani USB drive ngati chipangizo choyamba mu dongosolo la boot.
Sungani ndi Kutuluka: Sungani zosintha zanu ndikutuluka mu BIOS/UEFI. Kompyuta yanu tsopano iyenera kuyesa kuyambitsa kuchokera ku USB.
4. Kuyambitsa Kukhazikitsa Ubuntu
Mukakhazikitsa boot kuchokera ku USB, PC yanu iyamba kukhazikitsa kuchokera ku USB. Tsatirani izi:
Zosankha Zokhazikitsa: Mukayamba, muwona njira yoyesera kapena kukhazikitsa Ubuntu. Sankhani 'Ikani Ubuntu'.
Chilankhulo: Sankhani chilankhulo chomwe mukufuna kuti muyike ndikudina 'Pitirizani'.
Kapangidwe ka Kiyibodi: Sankhani kapangidwe koyenera ka kiyibodi ndikudina 'Pitirizani'.
Kukonzekera Kukhazikitsa: Mu gawo ili, mutha kusankha ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa zosintha ndi mapulogalamu ena panthawi yokhazikitsa. Chongani mabokosi momwe mukufunira ndikudina 'Pitirizani'.
Mtundu Woyika: Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri. Mudzapatsidwa njira zingapo:
- Ikani Ubuntu pamodzi ndi Windows Boot Manager: Njira iyi ndi ngati mukufuna boot iwiri ndi Windows.
– Fufutani diski ndikuyika Ubuntu: Izi zichotsa deta yonse pa hard drive ndikuyika Ubuntu. Sankhani njira iyi yokha ngati mukufuna kusintha Windows kwathunthu ndi Ubuntu.
- Chinanso china: Ngati mukufuna kugawa hard drive yanu pamanja.
Munkhaniyi, tisankha 'Ikani Ubuntu pamodzi ndi Windows Boot Manager' kuti muyike pa dual-boot. Dinani 'Ikani Tsopano'.
Ma Drive Partitions: Ngati musankha 'Install along Windows', kukhazikitsa kudzakhazikitsa zokha ma partitions a Ubuntu ndi Windows. Konzani kukula kwa ma partition malinga ndi zosowa zanu.
Malo: Sankhani nthawi yanu ndikudina 'Pitirizani'.
Kupanga Akaunti ya Ogwiritsa Ntchito: Lowetsani dzina lolowera, dzina la kompyuta, mawu achinsinsi ndikupitiriza njira yokhazikitsa.
5. Yambitsaninso ndi Kuyesa
Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa, mudzafunsidwa kuti muyambitsenso kompyuta yanu. Chotsani USB drive ndikulola kompyuta kuyambiranso. Mudzapatsidwa GRUB bootloader, yomwe idzakupatsani mwayi woti muyambe Ubuntu kapena Windows.
Sankhani Ubuntu: Sankhani Ubuntu ndikudina Enter kuti mulowe mu dongosolo lanu latsopano.
Kufufuza Koyamba: Nthawi yoyamba mukalowa mu Ubuntu, onetsetsani kuti chilichonse chikugwira ntchito bwino. Onetsetsani kuti intaneti yanu ikugwira ntchito komanso kuti zida monga GPU, phokoso, ndi chiwonetsero zikupezeka bwino.
6. Kusintha ndi Kukhazikitsa Mapulogalamu
Mukatsimikiza kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino, sitepe yotsatira ndikusintha dongosolo ndikuyika pulogalamu yomwe mukufuna:
Kusintha kwa Dongosolo:
- Tsegulani terminal ndikulemba:
``
sudo apt update && kukweza kukweza
``
- Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi ngati mwafunsidwa, ndipo lolani kuti zosinthazo zigwire ntchito mpaka zitatha.
Kukhazikitsa Phukusi Lowonjezera: Mungafune kuyika mapulogalamu ofunikira monga:
- GIMP (yosinthira zithunzi): `sudo apt install gimp`
- VLC (chosewerera makanema): `sudo apt kukhazikitsa vlc`
- LibreOffice (purosesa ya mawu ndi spreadsheet): `sudo apt install libreoffice`
– Chrome (msakatuli): Pitani patsamba lovomerezeka la Google Chrome, tsitsani fayilo ya deb, ndikuyiyika pogwiritsa ntchito `sudo dpkg -i chrome.deb`
7. Kusintha kwa Kachitidwe
Mukayika mapulogalamu omwe mukufuna, mungafune kusintha makina ogwiritsira ntchito malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda:
Mitu ndi Maonekedwe: Ubuntu ili ndi mitu ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zitha kuyikidwa mu 'Zikhazikiko'.
Oyang'anira Maphukusi Owonjezera: Mungafune kukhazikitsa 'Synaptic Package Manager' kuti muzitha kuyang'anira maphukusi a mapulogalamu mosavuta:
``
sudo apt install synaptic
``
Malo Osungira Ma Dock ndi Desktop: Ngati simukukonda GNOME (desktop ya Ubuntu), mutha kuyesa malo ena osungira ma desktop monga KDE Plasma kapena XFCE.
Mapeto
Kuyika Linux pa Windows PC sikuyenera kukhala koopsa. Potsatira njira zomwe zili mu bukhuli, mutha kusangalala ndi mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kwa Linux pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito Windows. Linux ndi Windows zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kawiri kawiri zimapereka zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakulolani kusintha pakati pa machitidwe awiriwa ngati pakufunika. Zabwino zonse, komanso zabwino zonse!
