Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosakaniza Zopanda Kanthu
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zomwe sizili ndi unyolo wa kaboni-hayidrojeni womwe umadziwika ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Amaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mchere, zitsulo, ndi mchere. Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale, kuyambira zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba. Nkhaniyi ifufuza momwe mankhwala osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo.
1. Ntchito mu Makampani
a. Kukonza ndi Kukonza Zitsulo ndi Zitsulo
Makampani opanga zitsulo ndi gawo limodzi lomwe limadalira kwambiri zinthu zopanda organic. Zinthuzi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito monga kuyeretsa, kusungunula, ndi kupanga zitsulo.
Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosakanizidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo. Njira yopangira ng'anjo yophulika imaphatikizapo kuchepetsa chitsulo chosakanizidwa ndi kaboni, ndikupanga chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chimasinthidwa kukhala chitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, alumina (Al2O3) ndiye chinthu chachikulu popanga aluminiyamu kudzera mu njira ya electrolysis ya Hall-Héroult.
b. Zothandizira pa Machitidwe a Mankhwala
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi organic nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma catalyst mu machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mankhwala amafakitale. Ma catalyst opangidwa ndi chitsulo, monga platinamu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira yosinthira ma catalytic kuti apange mafuta okhala ndi octane wambiri kuchokera ku mafuta. Ma catalyst ena opangidwa ndi chitsulo, monga vanadium (V2O5), amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira yolumikizirana kuti apange sulfuric acid, imodzi mwa mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri amafakitale.
2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Zaumoyo ndi Mankhwala
a. Mchere Wopanda Kanthu Monga Chowonjezera
Mankhwala ambiri osapangidwa ndi organic amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera mchere zofunika pa thanzi la anthu. Mwachitsanzo, calcium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zowonjezera za calcium kuti zithandize kulimbitsa mafupa ndi mano. Magnesium sulfate, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mchere wa Epsom, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kusowa kwa magnesium ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda a pakhungu.
b. Zosakaniza Zosiyanasiyana mu Zithunzi Zachipatala
Mankhwala osapangidwa monga barium sulfate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zosiyanitsa zithunzi m'njira zachipatala monga X-ray ndi CT scans. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuwonjezera kusiyana kwa zithunzi zomwe zapezeka, zomwe zimathandiza madokotala kuona bwino kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati.
c. Mankhwala oletsa mabakiteriya ndi bowa
Mankhwala ena osapangidwa ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya komanso ma fungal. Mwachitsanzo, siliva nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pochiza zilonda ndi kupsa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mabotolo azachipatala kuti apewe matenda a bakiteriya.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Ulimi
a. Feteleza
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi organic ndi ofunikira paulimi monga feteleza. Nitrate, phosphate, ndi potaziyamu ndi michere yofunika kwambiri yomwe zomera zimafunikira kuti zikule bwino. Ma feteleza osapangidwa ndi organic monga ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu chloride amapereka michere yomwe zomera zimayamwa mosavuta, motero zimawonjezera zokolola zaulimi.
b. Kuletsa Tizilombo
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi zomera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti achepetse tizilombo ndi matenda a zomera. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi copper sulfate, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti aletse bowa kukula pa zomera. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuteteza zomera ku matenda komanso kuwonjezera zokolola.
4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Zipangizo
a. Galasi ndi Zoumba
Mankhwala osapangidwa monga silicon dioxide (SiO2) ndi ofunikira kwambiri popanga magalasi ndi zinthu zadothi. Mchenga wa silika, womwe umakhala ndi silicon dioxide, umasungunuka kuti upange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalasi, kuphatikizapo mawindo, mabotolo, ndi magalasi owonera.
b. Simenti ndi Konkriti
Mu makampani omanga, zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga calcium oxide ndi calcium hydroxide ndizo zosakaniza zazikulu mu simenti ndi konkire. Madzi a simenti amapanga phala lolimba, lomwe limapanga maziko a nyumba.
c. Utoto ndi Utoto
Utoto wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto. Titanium dioxide ndi imodzi mwa utoto woyera wodziwika bwino ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto, mapulasitiki, ndi mapepala kuti iwonetse kuwala ndi kuonekera bwino. Utoto wina wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, monga cobalt aluminate, umapereka buluu wowala ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zaluso ndi mafakitale.
5. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ukadaulo ndi Mphamvu
a. Zamagetsi ndi Ma Semiconductor
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri muukadaulo wa zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, silicon mu mawonekedwe a silicon dioxide ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma microprocessor ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala monga gallium arsenide ndi indium phosphide amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wolumikizirana monga ma laser diode ndi ma LED.
b. Mabatire ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu
Batire ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasunga mphamvu ya mankhwala ndikuyitulutsa ngati magetsi. Mabatire ambiri amakono amachokera ku zinthu zopanda chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, lithiamu cobalt oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe ndi otchuka chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni a m'manja, ma laputopu, ndi magalimoto amagetsi.
c. Maselo a Dzuwa
Mankhwala osapangidwanso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muukadaulo wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso monga maselo a dzuwa. Silicon yoyera ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka m'maselo ambiri a dzuwa otchedwa photovoltaic. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akupitilira pa maselo a dzuwa osapangidwanso a perovskite, omwe amalonjeza kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamtengo wotsika wopanga.
6. Ntchito Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pachilengedwe
a. Kukonza Madzi
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi organic amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza madzi kuti azitha kumwedwa komanso pokonza madzi otayidwa. Mwachitsanzo, aluminiyamu sulfate, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti alum, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza madzi kuti ichotse tinthu ta colloidal m'madzi. Chlorine ndi ozone ndi mankhwala amphamvu opangitsa kuti madzi asamawonongeke komanso kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
b. Kukonzanso Zachilengedwe
Mankhwala osapangidwanso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza chilengedwe kuti athetse kuipitsa. Chitsanzo ndi zeolite, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zitsulo zolemera kuchokera ku dothi ndi madzi oipitsidwa. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati ma adsorbent othandiza, kuthandiza kuchotsa zinthu zoipitsa chilengedwe.
Mapeto
Mankhwala osapangidwa ndi organic ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi ofunikira pa moyo wa anthu amakono. Kuyambira mafakitale ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo mpaka ulimi ndi zipangizo zomangira, ukadaulo, ndi chilengedwe, mankhwala amenewa amapanga maziko a njira ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika. Kumvetsetsa bwino makhalidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala osapangidwa ndi organic mosakayikira kudzatsogolera ku zatsopano ndi chitukuko chatsopano mtsogolo, zomwe zidzakulitsa kwambiri moyo wa anthu. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kufufuza kuthekera kwa mankhwala osapangidwa ndi organic mwina kudzatsegula njira zambiri zomwe sizinaganizidwepo kale.
