Kapangidwe ka Zinyama za M'madzi ndi Kusintha kwa Zinyama za M'madzi
Pendauluan
Zinyama zam'madzi zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe, kukula, ndi ntchito kuti zikhale ndi moyo m'malo osinthasintha kwambiri komanso nthawi zina osakhazikika. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kapangidwe kawo ndi kusintha kwawo kumawalola kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, kuyambira m'madzi osaya mpaka kuzama kwambiri kwa nyanja. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza mozama mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a thupi (mawonekedwe) ndi kusintha kwa zinyama zam'madzi zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino m'malo awo ovuta okhala.
Kapangidwe ka Zinyama Zam'madzi
Kapangidwe ka thupi
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka nyama zam'madzi ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lawo. Mawonekedwe a thupi lawo amatha kusiyana kwambiri kutengera malo okhala nyamayo komanso moyo wawo.
1. Nsomba:
Nsomba zili ndi matupi osiyanasiyana oyenera malo awo. Nsomba za m'nyanja monga tuna ndi mackerel zili ndi matupi a fusiform, omwe ndi otakata komanso otha kuyenda mofulumira m'madzi otseguka. Nsomba zokhala pansi monga flounder, kumbali ina, zimakhala ndi matupi athyathyathya komanso otakata omwe amawathandiza kudzibisa pansi pa nyanja.
2. Nyama Zoyamwitsa Zam'madzi:
Nyama zoyamwitsa za m'madzi monga anamgumi ndi ma dolphin zili ndi matupi ooneka ngati torpedo omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa madzi kuti zisambire mwachangu. Zipsepse zawo zonga ngati paddle (zipseppe) zimathandiza kuti zizitha kuyenda bwino kwambiri zikasambira.
3. Zamoyo Zopanda Msana:
Nyama zotchedwa crustaceans monga nkhanu zimakhala ndi zipolopolo zolimba komanso michira yolimba yoteteza ndi kuyenda. Nkhono monga squid ndi octopus zimakhala ndi matupi ofewa okhala ndi manja aatali kapena ma tentacles, zomwe zimawathandiza kugwira nyama ndikuyanjana ndi malo awo.
Kapangidwe ka Thupi
Kapangidwe ka thupi la nyama zam'madzi kamasinthidwanso kuti kagwirizane ndi malo okhala m'madzi. Zina mwa kusinthaku ndi monga:
1. Magill:
Ma gill ndi ziwalo zomwe zimalola nyama zam'madzi kupuma mwa kusefa mpweya kuchokera m'madzi. Mapangidwe awa ndi othandiza kwambiri posinthana mpweya ndipo amapezeka mu nsomba, crustaceans, ndi nkhono zina.
2. Khungu ndi Mamba:
Khungu la nyama zam'madzi nthawi zambiri limakhala lokhuthala kapena loterera kuti litetezedwe komanso kuti madzi asatayike. Mamba a nsomba amapereka chitetezo chowonjezera chakuthupi ndipo amachepetsa kukangana akasambira.
3. Zipsepse ndi Mchira:
Zipsepse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yosambira, pomwe mchira umathandiza kuyendetsa. Mawonekedwe a zipsepse ndi michira amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mbalame kutengera liwiro ndi kalembedwe ka kayendedwe komwe kumafunika.
Kusintha kwa Thupi
Kusintha kwa thupi ndi kusintha kwa ntchito za thupi komwe kumathandiza nyama zam'madzi kuti zipulumuke m'mikhalidwe yoopsa ya m'nyanja. Kusintha kumeneku kumaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira njira zopumira mpaka kupirira kuthamanga kwa magazi.
1. Kupereka mpweya:
Nyama zina za m'madzi, monga anamgumi ndi zimbudzi, zimatha kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chosunga bwino mpweya m'minofu ndi m'magazi mwawo, komanso chifukwa chochepetsa kagayidwe kawo ka chakudya akamadzimira m'madzi.
2. Kuletsa Kuchuluka kwa Osmoregulation:
Kusunga mchere ndi madzi moyenera ndi vuto lalikulu kwa nyama za m'nyanja. Nsomba za m'madzi amchere ziyenera kutulutsa mchere wochuluka nthawi zonse kudzera m'makutu ndi mkodzo wawo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nsomba za m'madzi amchere madzi abwino kuyamwa mchere kuchokera pamalo ozungulira pamene akutulutsa madzi ochulukirapo.
3. Kupanikizika:
Nyama zina za m'madzi zimatha kukhala pansi kwambiri, komwe madzi amakhala okwera kwambiri. Kusintha kwawo kumaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka thupi kosinthasintha ndi ma enzyme omwe amakhalabe olimba akapanikizika kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa Khalidwe
Kusintha khalidwe la nyama za m'nyanja kumathandizanso kwambiri kuti nyama za m'nyanja zipulumuke. Kusintha kumeneku kungaphatikizepo kufunafuna chakudya, kubereka, komanso kuyanjana ndi anthu.
1. Njira Yosakira:
Njira zosaka zimasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mitundu ya nsomba. Nsomba za shaki, monga shaki, zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zonunkhiza ndi kulandira electroreception kuti zizindikire nyama zomwe zimadya. Nsomba za dolphin zimagwiritsa ntchito echolocation kuti zizindikire zinthu zomwe zili m'malo ozungulira.
2. Kuberekanso:
Zinyama zina zam'madzi zimakhala ndi machitidwe ovuta oberekera. Mwachitsanzo, Matanthwe a m'nyanja amadziwika ndi kutulutsa mazira ndi umuna wambiri wotchedwa spawning, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi magawo ena a mwezi kapena kutentha kwa madzi.
3. Kachitidwe ka Maulendo:
Kusamuka ndi njira ina yofunika kwambiri yosinthira khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba za salimoni zimasamuka kuchokera kunyanja kubwerera ku mitsinje yawo kuti zikabereke. Akamba a m'nyanja amadziwikanso kuti amabwerera kugombe komwe anaswa mazira awo.
Kusintha kwa Zachilengedwe
Kusintha kwa chilengedwe kumaphatikizapo momwe nyama zam'madzi zimagwiritsira ntchito malo awo kuti zikhale ndi moyo. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha malinga ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya, mpikisano, komanso kusaka nyama.
1. Kugwirizana:
Zamoyo zina zam'madzi zimakhala ndi ubale wothandizana. Chitsanzo ndi sea anemone ndi clownfish. Anemone imateteza clownfish, pomwe clownfish imapatsa anemone chakudya mwa kukopa nyama.
2. Kubisa ndi Kufanizira:
Nyama zambiri zam'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yobisala kapena kutsanzira kuti zipewe ziweto kapena kuthamangitsa nyama. Nsomba za mtundu wa Cuttlefish ndi octopus zimatha kusintha mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka khungu lawo mwachangu, pomwe nsomba zina, monga lionfish, zimakhala ndi mitundu yofanana ndi malo ozungulira.
3. Mpikisano ndi Niche:
Zamoyo zam'madzi zili ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera mpikisano ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito bwino. Zamoyo zina zimatha kukhala usiku kuti zipewe mpikisano mwachindunji ndi zamoyo zomwe zimadya tsiku lililonse, pomwe zina zimatha kupanga zakudya zapadera kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino chuma zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu ina.
Mapeto
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kapangidwe ka nyama zam'madzi ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kumasonyeza kusinthasintha ndi kusinthasintha kwa zamoyo zam'madzi. Kuyambira mawonekedwe apadera a thupi mpaka kusintha kwapadera kwa khalidwe ndi chilengedwe, nyama zam'madzi zimasinthasintha nthawi zonse kuti zikhale ndi moyo m'malo ovuta komanso osinthika. Kuphunzira za kapangidwe ka nyama zam'madzi ndi kusintha kwake sikuti kumangowonjezera kumvetsetsa kwathu zamoyo zam'madzi komanso kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakusunga ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe zam'madzi mokhazikika.
