Mbali Yochotsera Phokoso la Kamera ya Digito
Mu kujambula zithunzi za digito, khalidwe la chithunzi silimatsimikiziridwa kokha ndi kuwala kapena kunyezimira kwa lenzi, komanso ndi kumveka bwino kwa tsatanetsatane womwe wajambulidwa ndi sensa. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosokoneza kwambiri, makamaka pojambula zithunzi pamalo opanda kuwala, ndi phokoso. Phokoso lingapangitse zithunzi kuoneka ngati zakuda, zosalala, kapena "zonyansa," zomwe zimachepetsa tsatanetsatane wa munthuyo. Chifukwa chake, opanga makamera amakono amapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera phokoso kuti athandize ojambula zithunzi kupeza zotsatira zoyera komanso zosangalatsa.
Kumvetsetsa Phokoso mu Makamera a Digito
Phokoso muzithunzi ndi kusiyana kwachisawawa kwa kuwala kwa pixel kapena mtundu komwe sikuchokera ku chidziwitso chenicheni chokhudza nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuchepa kwa masensa mukamagwira ntchito pansi pa zovuta, monga ma ISO okwera, kuwonetsedwa nthawi yayitali, kapena kutentha kwa sensa kukakwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, phokoso limagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
1. Phokoso la Kuwala (Kuwala kwa Phokoso)
Phokoso limawoneka ngati madontho kapena mawonekedwe osasunthika m'malo amdima ndi owala, mofanana ndi tinthu ta filimu. Phokoso la kuwala nthawi zambiri limaonedwa kuti ndi loyenera chifukwa silimasokoneza mtundu, koma limatha kuchepetsa tsatanetsatane.
2. Phokoso la Chrominance/Mtundu (Chrominance/Mtundu Phokoso)
Phokoso limeneli limawoneka ngati madontho amitundu yosiyanasiyana (monga zobiriwira, zofiirira, zofiira), makamaka m'malo amdima. Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umasokoneza kwambiri chifukwa umapangitsa mitundu kuoneka yosazolowereka.
Mbali yochotsera phokoso yapangidwa kuti ichepetse mitundu yonse iwiri ya phokoso, ngakhale kuti njirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zotsutsana zina.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Kuchepetsa Phokoso Kukufunika?
Kuchepetsa phokoso ndikofunikira chifukwa si nthawi zonse zojambula zomwe zimalola kuwala koyenera. Ojambula zithunzi nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mikhalidwe monga:
- Kujambula konsati yausiku yokhala ndi kuwala kochepa
- Kujambula zithunzi za usiku kapena zithunzi za nyenyezi
- Zithunzi zamkati zopanda kuwala kuti mlengalenga ukhale wachilengedwe
- Masewera owombera mkati omwe amafuna liwiro lalikulu la shutter
Pachifukwa ichi, ojambula zithunzi nthawi zambiri amawonjezera ISO kuti achepetse mdima wa chithunzicho. Mwatsoka, ISO ikakwera, phokoso limakula. Apa ndi pomwe kuchotsa phokoso kumakhala kothandiza, kwa ma JPEG kuchokera ku kamera komanso ngati gawo loyamba musanasinthe zina.
Momwe Mbali Yochotsera Phokoso Imagwirira Ntchito
Mwaukadaulo, kuchepetsa phokoso kumagwira ntchito pofufuza mawonekedwe a ma pixel ndikupeza madera omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi phokoso (zambiri zosayembekezereka) kenako nkuwakonza kuti awoneke bwino. Ma algorithm amakono ochepetsera phokoso amagwiritsa ntchito:
- Imazindikira malo osalala (malo osalala) monga thambo, makoma, kapena mithunzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa phokoso.
- Kulekanitsa tsatanetsatane wa m'mphepete (m'mphepete) kuti mizere yofunika ikhale yolunjika
- Kusanthula mitundu kuti muchepetse mawanga amitundu mwachisawawa
- Mu makamera aposachedwa, zimaphatikizanso kuphunzira kwa AI/makina kuti tisiyanitse mawonekedwe enieni (monga tsitsi, nsalu, masamba) ndi phokoso.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuchotsa phokoso kwambiri kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa monga zithunzi zomwe zikuwoneka ngati "pulasitiki," kutaya zinthu zazing'ono, kapena mawonekedwe a zinthu zakale.
Mitundu ya Zinthu Zochepetsera Phokoso pa Makamera a Digito
Makamera ambiri a digito amapereka njira zingapo zochepetsera phokoso kapena makonda. Nazi zinthu zodziwika bwino:
1. Kuchepetsa Phokoso la ISO Yaikulu
Mbali imeneyi imagwira ntchito kamera ikazindikira kugwiritsa ntchito ISO kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magawo monga Off/Low/Standard/High. Pa makamera ena, izi zimatha kukhudza kwambiri momwe JPEG imagwirira ntchito.
- Zabwino: Zithunzi zoyera za JPEG kuchokera ku kamera
– Zoyipa: Tsatanetsatane wabwino ukhoza kutayika, makamaka pamlingo wapamwamba.
Mbali imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa ojambula zithunzi omwe amafunikira zotsatira zachangu popanda kusintha, monga atolankhani, ojambula zithunzi za zochitika, kapena ogwiritsa ntchito wamba.
2. Kuchepetsa Phokoso Lowonekera Kwa Nthawi Yaitali (LENR)
LENR imagwira ntchito mosiyana: mukagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo masekondi 5-30 kapena kuposerapo), kamera imatenga chimango china chotchedwa chimango chakuda (chimango chakuda chokhala ndi shutter yotsekedwa) kuti iwonetse ma pixel otentha ndi phokoso la kutentha, kenako ichotseni pachithunzi chachikulu.
- Ubwino: Wothandiza kwambiri pakujambula zithunzi usiku komanso nthawi yayitali
– Zoyipa: Nthawi yowombera ndi yayitali kuwirikiza kawiri (monga kuwonekera kwa masekondi 30 kungatenge masekondi 60 onse)
LENR nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula malo ausiku, njira zowala, kapena kujambula zithunzi zakumwamba.
3. Kuchepetsa Phokoso pa Kanema
Mu kanema, kuchepetsa phokoso nthawi zambiri kumagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa kanema nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma ISO apamwamba ndipo amafunika mawonekedwe oyera. Kamera imatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa phokoso kwakanthawi (pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku mafelemu angapo) kuti ichepetse phokoso.
- Ubwino: Makanema amaoneka oyera komanso aukadaulo kwambiri
– Zoyipa: Zingayambitse zinthu “zofewa” kapena zotsatira za mizimu poyenda mwachangu.
Kwa ojambula mavidiyo, ndikofunikira kulinganiza kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kuthwa kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zachilengedwe.
4. Kuchepetsa Phokoso la Mafelemu Ambiri
Makamera ena ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe amajambula zithunzi zambiri motsatizana kenako n’kuziphatikiza kuti achepetse phokoso. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza chifukwa phokoso limachitika mwachisawawa, kotero limatha "kuchepetsedwa" likaphatikizidwa.
- Ubwino: Phokoso limachepa kwambiri popanda kuwononga zinthu zambiri.
- Zoyipa: Imafuna munthu wodekha komanso wokhazikika (kapena katatu)
Mbali imeneyi ndi yoyenera kujambula usiku popanda tripod, koma si yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu oyenda.
Mmene Kuchepetsa Phokoso Kumakhudzira Ubwino wa Zithunzi
Kuchepetsa phokoso sikungokhudza "kuchotsa madontho," koma njira yokonza zithunzi yomwe imakhudza mawonekedwe a chithunzi. Zotsatira zake ndi izi:
- Kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe a khungu, udzu, kapena tsitsi kungawoneke ngati kosalala.
- Kuwala kumawoneka ngati kwachepa: Chifukwa kusalala kwa ma pixel kumachepetsa kusiyana pang'ono
- Mitundu yoyera: Phokoso la mitundu yosasangalatsa nthawi zambiri limalamuliridwa bwino.
- Zinthu zomwe zingatheke: Pamalo ovuta kwambiri, mapangidwe achilendo kapena zotupa zingawonekere.
Ndicho chifukwa chake ojambula zithunzi ambiri odziwa bwino ntchito amasankha kujambula mu mtundu wa RAW, chifukwa mafayilo a RAW amapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu posintha kuchepetsa phokoso panthawi yosintha, poyerekeza ndi ma JPEG omwe "adaphikidwa" ndi kamera.
Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Mbali Yochotsera Phokoso
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, nayi malangizo othandiza:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito mlingo woyenera wochepetsera phokoso.
Ngati mujambula JPEG, sankhani Low kapena Standard kuti tsatanetsatane ukhale wachilengedwe.
2. Yambitsani LENR kuti iwonekere kwa nthawi yayitali
Makamaka ngati muwona ma pixel otentha kapena madontho owala pazithunzi zausiku.
3. Ganizirani za tripod ndi ISO yotsika
Kuchepetsa phokoso kwabwino kwambiri kumachokera ku chithunzi choyera. Ngati n'kotheka, chepetsani ISO ndikugwiritsa ntchito liwiro locheperako la shutter ndi tripod.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito RAW kuti muwongolere kwambiri
Ndi RAW, mutha kulinganiza kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kukulitsa ngati pakufunika mu mapulogalamu monga Lightroom, Capture One, kapena mapulogalamu ena.
5. Samalani ndi zinthu zosuntha
Kuchepetsa phokoso la mafelemu ambiri kapena kuchepetsa phokoso la makanema komwe kuli kolimba kwambiri kungapangitse zinthu zoyenda kuoneka ngati zosawoneka bwino kapena kusiya zizindikiro.
Kukula kwa Ukadaulo Wochepetsa Phokoso
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kupita patsogolo kwa kuchepetsa phokoso kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Opanga makamera ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito AI zomwe zimatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, kusunga zinthu zofunika pamene zikuletsa phokoso. Makamera akukhalanso amphamvu kwambiri pakukonza zithunzi nthawi yeniyeni chifukwa cha ma processor atsopano. Zotsatira zake, zithunzi za ISO yapamwamba tsopano ndizovomerezeka kwambiri kuposa makamera akale a digito.
Kuphatikiza apo, chizolowezi cha kujambula zithunzi zamakompyuta chimatanthauza kuti kuchepetsa phokoso sikudalira kokha pa sensa komanso kuphatikiza chimango, kupanga mapu atsatanetsatane, ndi ma algorithms okonza mitundu. Chitukukochi chikukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna zotsatira zoyera popanda kufunikira kusintha kovuta.
Mapeto
Zinthu zochepetsera phokoso la makamera a digito ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza khalidwe la zithunzi ndi makanema, makamaka m'malo opanda kuwala kwambiri kapena mukamagwiritsa ntchito makonda apamwamba a ISO. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga Kuchepetsa Phokoso la ISO Yaikulu, Kuchepetsa Phokoso la Kuwonekera Kwakanthawi, Kuchepetsa Phokoso la Makanema, ndi Kuchepetsa Phokoso la Multi-Frame, zimapereka njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zanu zojambulira.
Ngakhale kuti zimathandiza kwambiri, kuchepetsa phokoso kuyenera kugwiritsidwabe ntchito mwanzeru, chifukwa kungachepetse tsatanetsatane ngati kuli koopsa kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa momwe kujambula kumachitikira, kusankha makonda oyenera, ndikuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito RAW kuti muwongolere kwambiri. Ndi kumvetsetsa kumeneku, ojambula zithunzi amatha kupanga zithunzi zoyera, zakuthwa, komanso zachilengedwe—popanda kutaya mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
