Zingwe Zosagwira Mankhwala Pamalo Ogwirira Ntchito Zamakampani
Mu dziko lamakono la mafakitale, zingwe sizimangoyendetsa magetsi kapena zizindikiro. Ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito zipitirire—kuyambira mafakitale opanga mankhwala ndi mafakitale opangira chakudya ndi zakumwa mpaka migodi ndi malo opangira mankhwala. M'malo amenewa, zingwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi mankhwala omwe angawononge chitetezo chawo kapena jekete loteteza. Ngakhale kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa jekete loteteza la chingwe kungayambitse kusokonekera kwa ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa zida, komanso zoopsa zachitetezo monga ma short circuits kapena moto. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zokhala ndi majekete oteteza osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa mafakitale.
N’chifukwa chiyani malo opangira mafakitale amafuna zingwe zosagwira mankhwala?
Si mankhwala onse omwe amaoneka ngati "oopsa" ku zingwe. Ngakhale madzi oyeretsera, zosungunulira zofewa, mafuta, ndi nthunzi ya mankhwala zimatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo za jekete la zingwe. Kuwonekera kungachitike kudzera mu kutayikira, kupopera madzi, kuzizira, kusamba, kapena kuwonetsedwa mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zina mwa zotsatira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zingwe ndi izi:
1. Ming'alu ndi kusweka kwa chingwe chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwala kapena kuphwa kwa pulasitiki.
2. Kutambasula ndi kufewetsa (kutupa) komwe kumapangitsa chingwecho kukhala chosavuta kukanikiza, kupeta kapena kung'ambika.
3. Kusintha kwa mphamvu zotetezera kutentha, kuchepetsa kukana kwa kutentha komanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha ma short circuits.
4. Kuwonongeka kwa chishango ndi kondakitala, makamaka ngati pali madzi olowa komanso chinyezi.
5. Kulephera kugwira ntchito msanga komwe kumawonjezera ndalama zokonzera zinthu komanso nthawi yopuma yopangira zinthu.
Chifukwa chake, kusankha chingwe choyenera sikungodalira kukula kwa kondakitala kapena mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yokha; zinthu zoteteza (jekete/chidebe) ndi chotenthetsera ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala a malowo.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zipangizo zotetezera chingwe ndi kulimba kwake
Kukana kwa mankhwala kwa chingwe kumadalira kwambiri jekete lake ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zodziwika bwino mumakampani:
1. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
PVC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kosavuta kuikonza. Komabe, kukana kwake mankhwala kumakhala kochepa, makamaka ku zinthu zina zosungunulira, ma hydrocarbon onunkhira, kapena mankhwala amphamvu. PVC ikhoza kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opepuka, koma si yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ambiri kapena kusamba kwambiri.
2. PUR/PU (Polyurethane)
PUR imadziwika ndi mphamvu zake zamakaniko komanso kukana mafuta, mafuta, ndi kusweka pang'ono. Zingwe zokhala ndi majekete a PUR nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina osuntha, ma robotiki, ndi maunyolo okoka. Nthawi zambiri, PUR imaperekanso kukana bwino kuposa PVC ku mankhwala wamba amafakitale, koma kutsimikizira ndi zosungunulira zinazake kumafunikabe.
3. PE (Polyethylene) ndi PP (Polypropylene)
PE ili ndi kukana bwino kwa ma asidi ndi ma base ambiri, komanso chinyezi. PP imapereka kukana bwino kwa mankhwala ndipo imakhala yokhazikika pa kutentha kwina. Komabe, zonsezi zili ndi zoletsa pakukana kutentha ndi mphamvu zamakina, kutengera kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.
4. PTFE, FEP, PFA (Fluoropolymer)
Banja la fluoropolymer ndi "gulu lapamwamba" la kukana mankhwala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zipangizo monga PTFE ndi FEP zimalimbana kwambiri ndi zosungunulira, ma asidi amphamvu, maziko, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotsutsa. Ma fluoropolymer nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala olemera, mankhwala, ndi kutentha kwambiri. Vuto lake ndi mtengo wokwera ndipo nthawi zina njira yoyikira ingafunike chisamaliro chapadera.
5. EPR/EPDM ndi rabala yapadera
Zingwe zina zamafakitale zimagwiritsa ntchito zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi rabara kapena jekete (monga EPR/EPDM), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, kukana chinyezi, komanso kusinthasintha kwa nyengo. Kukana kwa mankhwala kumasiyana ndipo kuyenera kuyerekezeredwa ndi mndandanda wogwirizana.
6. LSZH/LS0H (Utsi Wochepa Zero Halogen)
LSZH si chinthu chimodzi chokha, koma ndi gulu la zingwe zopangidwa kuti zipange utsi wochepa komanso kuti zisakhale ndi halogen ikayaka. Ponena za kukana mankhwala, magwiridwe ake amadalira kapangidwe kake. LSZH nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti ikhale yotetezeka m'malo otsekedwa, njira zotulutsira anthu, kapena malo omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha moto.
Zinthu zomwe zimasankha zingwe zosagwira mankhwala
Kusankha chingwe chosagwira mankhwala sikokwanira kungowerenga chizindikiro chakuti "chosagwira mankhwala." Muyenera kuwunika zinthu zotsatirazi:
1. Mitundu ya mankhwala: ma asidi, maziko, zosungunulira zachilengedwe, mafuta, ma alcohols, chlorine, zopangitsa kuti zinthu zisamawonongeke, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kukhazikika ndi nthawi yowonekera: kuwonekera nthawi zina kumakhala kosiyana ndi kumiza kosalekeza.
3. Kutentha kwa ntchito: zochita za mankhwala ndi kufalikira kwa zinthu zimakhala zachangu kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.
4. Njira yowonetsera: kupopera, kupopera kopanikizika, nthunzi, kapena kumiza.
5. Zofunikira pa makina: kodi zingwe zimapindidwa, kukokedwa, kukwezedwa, kapena kusunthidwa nthawi zambiri mu unyolo wokoka?
6. Zofunikira pa chitetezo ndi miyezo ya makampani: mwachitsanzo kufunikira kwa choletsa moto, LSZH, kapena ziphaso zina.
Pomvetsetsa kuphatikiza kwa zinthuzi, gulu la mainjiniya lingasankhe nsalu yoyenera ya jekete—monga fluoropolymer ya zomera zamafuta amphamvu, PUR ya malo amafuta omwe amafunika kusinthasintha, kapena kuphatikiza kwapadera kotsukira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoteteza mankhwala
Zingwe zosagwira mankhwala zimapezeka kwambiri m'mafakitale otsatirawa:
– Zomera za mankhwala ndi petrochemical: malo okhala ndi zosungunulira, nthunzi ya mankhwala, ndi chiopsezo cha kutayikira.
– Makampani ogulitsa zakudya ndi zakumwa: njira zotsukira ndi sopo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda; nthawi zambiri zimafuna majekete omwe sakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zotsukira komanso chinyezi chambiri.
– Mankhwala ndi sayansi ya zamoyo: malo oyeretsera zipinda okhala ndi njira zoyeretsera; amafuna zingwe zokhazikika, zosawonongeka.
- Magalimoto ndi kupanga: kukhudzana ndi mafuta, mafuta, choziziritsira, madzi amadzimadzi, ndi kuyenda kwa chingwe kwambiri.
- Migodi ndi zoyendera: kukana kukanda, mafuta ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri.
Gawo lililonse lili ndi "mbiri yodziwira momwe zinthu zilili," kotero kusankha chingwe kuyenera kutengera deta, osati malingaliro.
Momwe mungatsimikizire kuti zingwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala
Kuti mupewe kuti ndalama zomwe mwayika pa chingwe chanu zisawonongeke msanga, chonde chitani izi:
1. Pemphani tchati chotsimikizira kukana mankhwala kuchokera kwa wopanga.
Opanga zingwe nthawi zambiri amapereka matebulo ogwirizana ndi zinthu za jekete zokhala ndi mankhwala enaake. Izi ndi zomwe zimafunika kwambiri.
2. Chongani zonse zofunikira zaukadaulo
Onetsetsani kuti pali zambiri zokhudza mtundu wa jekete, kutentha, kutentha, ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito (monga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mafuta, kukana zosungunulira, kapena kutsukidwa ndi madzi).
3. Ganizirani zoyesa m'munda
Ngati mankhwalawo ndi enieni kapena mikhalidwe yake ndi yoopsa kwambiri, kuyesa zitsanzo za chingwe pamalo opangira opaleshoni kungakhale kwanzeru. Kuyesa kosavuta, monga kukhala ndi maso kwa milungu ingapo, kungapereke chithunzi choyambirira.
4. Samalani ndi kukhazikitsa ndi chitetezo chowonjezera.
Zingwe zosagwira mankhwala zimatha kuwonongeka ngati zitayikidwa ndi ulusi wopindika wolakwika, wotambasulidwa kwambiri, kapena wophwanyidwa. Kuti ziwonekere kwambiri, chitetezo chowonjezera monga ngalande yapadera kapena thireyi yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka madzi chingathandizenso.
Zotsatira zachuma: zokwera mtengo kwambiri pasadakhale, zotsika mtengo pamapeto pake
Zingwe zokhala ndi majekete osagwira mankhwala—makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fluoropolymers—nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula kwambiri. Komabe, m'malo opangira mafakitale, mtengo wa chingwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa nthawi yogwira ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa makina, kapena kukonza mwadzidzidzi. Ndi chingwe choyenera, makampani amatha kuchepetsa kusokonezeka, kukonza chitetezo, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yokhazikika ya kukhazikitsa kwawo.
Mapeto
Zingwe zokhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira kudalirika kwa magetsi ndi makina owongolera m'malo ovuta a mafakitale. Kukana kwa mankhwala sikungotsimikiziridwa ndi chizindikiro chokha, komanso ndi kuyenerera kwa jekete ndi zipangizo zotetezera kutentha malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala, kutentha, nthawi yowonekera, ndi zofunikira za makina. Posankha zinthu zoyenera—monga PUR m'malo oyaka mafuta kapena fluoropolymer ya mankhwala amphamvu—mafakitale amatha kuteteza katundu, kusunga chitetezo kuntchito, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngati mukufuna, nditha kusintha nkhaniyi kuti igwirizane ndi gawo linalake (monga chakudya, mankhwala, kapena kupanga mankhwala) ndikuwonjezera zitsanzo za malangizo a zinthu zopangidwa ndi jekete kutengera mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komwe muli.
