Lamulo Lachiwiri la Kirchhoff

Kumvetsetsa Lamulo Lachiwiri la Kirchhoff

Lamulo Lachiwiri la Kirchhoff limati kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kuzungulira dera lotsekedwa ndi zero. Lamulo Lachiwiri la Kirchhoff limachokera ku lamulo losunga mphamvu, lomwe limati mphamvu zimasungidwa.

Kuti mumvetse bwino izi, ganizirani mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda mu closed circuit, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi cha kumanja. chaji yamagetsi kudutsa mu kukana kwamagetsi (R), mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu resistance. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistance ina yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa chifukwa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu resistance imeneyo. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu gwero la magetsi kuchokera ku low potential kupita ku high potential, mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezeka. Ikabwerera pamalo ake oyamba, mphamvu zamagetsi mofanana ndi kale, komwe kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kumakhala zero. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pamagetsi, timagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, osati kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Dera lofanana ndi lomwe lili pachithunzi pamwambapa likhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo la Ohm (V = IR) ndi fomula kukana kwa mndandanda kapena kukana kofananaMa circuit ovuta kwambiri monga chithunzi chili pansipa akhoza kusanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff dani Lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff.

Nazi malamulo ena a zizindikiro pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pofufuza dera.

Choyamba, sankhani njira yamagetsi mwachisawawa, kaya motsatira wotchi kapena motsutsana ndi wotchi. Ngati yankho ndi loipa, njira yeniyeni yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yosiyana ndi njira yosankhidwa. Ngati yankho ndi labwino, njira yeniyeni yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yofanana ndi njira yosankhidwa.

Chachiwiri, podutsa gwero la magetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -), pamakhala kuchepa kwa magetsi kotero kuti magetsi amagetsi amakhala ndi phindu loipa (ΔV = –εMosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati isintha kuchoka pa mphamvu yochepa kupita pa mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +), pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala ndi phindu labwino (ΔV= ε).

Chachitatu, podutsa mu kukana kwamagetsi, ngati kuzungulira kuli mbali imodzi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yoipa (ΔV = – IR). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati kuzungulira kuli mbali yosiyana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yabwino (ΔV = IR).

Chitsanzo cha funso 1:

R₁ = 200 Ω ndi R₂ = 300 Ω. ε = 12 Volts. Werengani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff!

Zokambirana

Njira ya magetsi imayenda mozungulira wotchi.

- IR₁ - IR₂ + ε = 0

– 200 I – 300 I + 12 = 0.

– 500 I + 12 = 0

– 500 I = – 12

Ine = 12/500

I = 0,024 Ampere

Ngati ziwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Ohm ndi fomula yophatikizana ya resistor:

R = R₁ +R₂ 200 + 300 = 500 O!

Fomula ya lamulo la Ohm:

V = IR

I = V / R = 12 / 500 = 0,024 Ampere.

Chitsanzo cha funso 2:

R₁ = 100 Ω, R₂ = 200 Ω, R₃ = 300 Ω, ε₁ = 9 Volts, ε₂ = Ma Volti 12. Werengani kukula ndi njira ya magetsi mu dera!

Zokambirana

Sankhani komwe magetsi akupita ndipo komwe kuzungulira kuli kofanana ndi komwe kuzungulira kwa wotchi kuli.

- IR₁ - IR₂ - ε₁ - IR₃ + ε₂ = 0

– 100 I – 200 I – 9 – 300 I + 12 = 0

– 100 I – 200 I – 300 I + 3 = 0

– 600 I + 3 = 0

– 600 I = – 3

Ine = 3/600

I = 0,005 Ampere

Mphamvu yamagetsi ili ndi phindu labwino kotero njira yake ndi yofanana ndi njira yosankhidwa.

Mu vutoli pali kuzungulira kamodzi kokha, pa chitsanzo cha lamulo la Kirchhoff Pali ma circuit omwe ali ndi ma loops angapo kotero mawerengedwewo amagwiritsanso ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff ndipo pali kuthekera kuti njira ya loop ili yosiyana ndi njira ya magetsi.