Pazinthuzo Lamulo la Coulomb mphamvu pakati pa magetsi zaphunziridwa. Mu ndemanga ya munda wamagetsi Mtundu wina wa lamulo la Coulomb wafotokozedwa, womwe umafotokozedwa kudzera mu equation F = q E, pomwe F ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, q ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo E ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Tinganene kuti lamulo la Coulomb ndi lamulo la fizikiki lomwe limafotokoza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi (q) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (E).
Lamulo la Gauss ndi lamulo lina la fizikisi lomwe limafotokoza ubale pakati pa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Lamulo la Gauss linapangidwa ndi Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), katswiri wa sayansi ya zamaganizo komanso masamu waku Germany. Mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi imodzi kapena zingapo zimatha kuwerengedwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Coulomb, koma kuwerengera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri podziwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kugawa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Lamulo la Gauss limapereka njira yosavuta yodziwira mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kugawa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mphamvu zamagetsi zimadziwika, lamulo la Gauss lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa kugawa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapanga mphamvu zamagetsi. Zotsatirazi zikufotokoza malingaliro ndi njira. Lamulo la Gauss.
Taganizirani za mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino pakati pa mpira monga momwe chithunzi chilili m'mbali. Ngati utali wa mpira ndi R ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yodutsa pamwamba pa mpira ndi E = k Q / R2 ndipo malo ozungulira bwalo ndi A = 4 π R2Kuti muwonetsetse malo amagetsi, mizere yamagetsi imajambulidwa, koma chithunzicho chikuwonetsa zinayi zokha. Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yabwino, mizere yamagetsi imajambulidwa kuchokera pakati pa bwalo lomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ili, ndipo mzere uliwonse wamagetsi umakhala wolunjika pamwamba pa bwalo lomwe umadutsa. Pamene magetsi akupita kutali, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yochepa, kotero mtunda pakati pa mizere yamagetsi umawonjezekanso.
Kutuluka kwa magetsi komwe kumalowa pamwamba pa bolodi kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:
Zambiri: Φ = mphamvu yamagetsi, Q = mphamvu yamagetsi, k = 9 x 109 N m2/C2, εo (kulola malo omasuka) = 8,85 x 10-12 C2/N m2, π = 3,14. Kutengera ndi equation iyi, zatsimikiziridwa kuti flux yamagetsi (Φ) yomwe imadutsa pamwamba pa chozungulira, imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (Q) mkati mwake ndipo siidalira utali wa chozungulira (R).
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa malo anayi otsekedwa okhala ndi chaji yamagetsi Q. Malo oyamba ndi ozungulira pomwe malo ena ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha. Chaji yamagetsi ndi yabwino kotero kuti mizere yamagetsi yoyimiridwa ndi mivi inayi ija imatengedwa kuchokera ku chaji. Mizere inayi yamagetsi imadutsa pamwamba pa chozungulira ndi pamwamba china chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha. Mu ndemanga yokhudza kutuluka kwa magetsi zanenedwa kuti Kutuluka kwa magetsi ndi mizere yamagetsi yomwe imalowa m'dera linalake.Mizere yamagetsi yomwe imalowa m'malo onse anayi ndi yofanana kotero kuti kutuluka kwamagetsi pamalo onse anayi kuli ndi phindu lofanana. Kutuluka kwamagetsi komwe kumalowa m'malo ozungulira ndi kofanana ndi Φ = Q/εo , kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imalowa m'malo ena omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha nayonso ili ndi phindu lomwelo, lomwe ndi Φ = Q/εoKutengera ndi kufotokozera kumeneku, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti kutuluka kwa magetsi komwe kumalowa pamalo otsekedwa okhala ndi chaji yamagetsi sikudalira mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndipo kukula kwake ndi Φ = 4 π k Q = Q/εo.
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa ma chaji awiri amagetsi mkati mwa malo otsekedwa. Chaji Q1 ndi Q2 zabwino kotero kuti ngati zawonetsedwa, mphamvu iliyonse imakhala ndi mzere wamagetsi womwe umalowa kuchokera mkati. Kutuluka kwamagetsi konse ndi chiwerengero chonse cha mizere yamagetsi yomwe imalowa kuchokera pamwamba potsekedwa. Chifukwa mizere yamagetsi yamagetsi Q1 yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya Φ = Q1/εo ndi mizere yamagetsi ya Q2 yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya Φ = Q2/εo ndiye kuti chiwerengero chonse cha mizere yamagetsi ndi chofanana ndi Q1/εo +Q2/εo = 1/εo (Q1 +Q2).
Kutengera ndi kufotokozera kumeneku, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndi 1/εo kuchulukitsa mphamvu yonse yamagetsi pamalo otsekedwa. Mawu awa ndi lamulo la Gauss. Mwa masamu:
Φokwana = 1/εo (Qokwana) ———- Chiyerekezo cha lamulo la Gauss
Q total ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa malo otsekedwa. Ngati pali mphamvu yamagetsi kunja kwa malo otsekedwa, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo siiganiziridwa chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapanga ndi zero. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi zero chifukwa mizere yamagetsi yochokera ku mphamvuyo imalowa mkati mwa malo otsekedwa kenako n’kutulukanso kotero kuti mphamvu yotulukayo ndi zero. Malo otsekedwa mu lamulo la Gauss ndi malo ongopeka omwe amaperekedwa kuti awerenge mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Mwanjira ina, mphamvu yamagetsi siyenera kukhala mkati mwa malo otsekedwa enieni. Lamulo la Gauss lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa mphamvu yamagetsi ngati kugawa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumadziwika kapena kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudziwa kugawa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ngati mphamvu yamagetsi imadziwika. Kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Gauss kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana kwafotokozedwa m'nkhani yomwe ili ndi mutu wakuti kudziwa mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Gauss.
