Njira Yopangira Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo Achilengedwe Kuchokera ku Fodya
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa kuti n'kothandiza chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zachangu. Komabe, kwa alimi ambiri a m'nyumba ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono, pali nkhawa zazikulu: zotsalira za mankhwala pa zomera, kusokoneza zamoyo zothandiza, komanso kukwera kwa mitengo. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala achilengedwe akukhala njira ina yotchuka kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zotere, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndi fodya.
Fodya ili ndi nikotini, mankhwala a alkaloid omwe ndi oopsa kwa tizilombo toyamwa komanso tizilombo tina tomwe timatafuna. Ngakhale kuti amaonedwa kuti ndi "achilengedwe," mankhwala ophera tizilombo a fodya ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala, chifukwa nikotini ndi yoopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama ngati igwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Chinsinsi cha kupambana ndi chitetezo chili mu mlingo woyenera, njira yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kusankha zomera.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira yopangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku fodya, momwe angapangire, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino, komanso malangizo oti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino m'munda.
-
N’chifukwa Chiyani Fodya Ingakhale Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo?
Nikotini imagwira ntchito pokhudza mitsempha ya tizilombo. Pa kuchuluka kwina, nikotini ingayambitse tizilombo kulephera kugwirizana, kusiya kudya, kenako kufa. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, njira zothanirana ndi fodya nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo monga:
- Nsabwe za m'masamba
- Ntchentche yoyera
- Ma Thrips
- Nthata zina
– Mbozi zazing'ono zomwe zimayamba kugwira ntchito (mphamvu zimasiyana)
- Tizilombo tina toyamwa tomwe timabisala pansi pa masamba
Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira: mankhwala ophera fodya amathanso kukhudza tizilombo tothandiza (monga njuchi) ngati atapopedwa mosasamala, makamaka pamene zomera zikuphuka.
-
Zipangizo ndi Zida Zofunikira
Izi ndi zosakaniza zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo achilengedwe ochokera ku fodya:
Chosakaniza chachikulu
1. Fodya wouma ± magalamu 50–100
Ikhoza kudulidwa nthiti. Ngati izi zili zovuta, anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito filler ya ndudu, koma izi sizikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa ndudu zimakhala ndi zowonjezera zina (zokometsera, zinthu zopatsa mphamvu, ndi zowonjezera).
2. Lita imodzi ya madzi oyera
3. Sopo wofewa wamadzimadzi / sopo wothira mbale 1–2 supuni ya tiyi
Ntchito yake ndi yomatira ndipo imathandiza kuti yankholo likamatirire pamwamba pa masamba ndikuwononga tizilombo toteteza.
Zosankha (kuti muwonjezere zotsatira)
– 3–5 cloves wa adyo (wophwanyidwa)
– 5–10 tsabola wa maso a mbalame (wophwanyidwa)
Adyo ndi tsabola zimathandiza kuthamangitsa tizilombo ndipo zimathandizanso kulamulira tizilombo toononga.
Chida
- Chidebe/mtsuko wokhala ndi chivindikiro
- Sefa ya nsalu kapena sefa yaying'ono
- Botolo lopopera (chopopera)
- Magolovesi ndi chigoba (zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito)
-
Njira Yophikira Fodya (Njira Yothira Fodya)
Njira yonyowetsa madzi ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino komanso yosavuta yochitira izi kunyumba.
Njira zopangira
1. Konzani fodya
Ikani magalamu 50–100 a fodya wouma mu chidebe/mtsuko.
2. Onjezani madzi
Thirani madzi oyera okwanira lita imodzi. Sakanizani mpaka fodya atanyowa mofanana.
3. Zilowerereni
Phimbani chidebecho ndipo chilowerereni kwa maola 12-24. Chikalowa nthawi yayitali, yankho limakhala lokhuthala kwambiri.
4. Sefani
Mukatha kuviika, sefani yankho pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu/sefa yopyapyala kuti lisatseke chopopera.
5. Onjezani sopo
Onjezani supuni 1-2 za sopo wamadzimadzi, sakanizani pang'onopang'ono mpaka mutasakaniza.
6. Ikani mu botolo lopopera
Sungani m'botolo lotsekedwa. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lomwelo kapena tsiku lotsatira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Zolemba za mlingo
– Kwa zomera zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, yankho likhoza kuchepetsedwa kaye: mwachitsanzo gawo limodzi la yankho la fodya: gawo limodzi la madzi.
– Ngati iyi ndi nthawi yanu yoyamba, yesani kupopera masamba angapo kaye.
-
Njira Yophikira Mankhwala Ophera Fodya Wophikidwa (Mofulumira, Molimba)
Ngati mukufuna kuti yankho likonzedwe mwachangu, njira yowiritsira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, njira zowiritsira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, kotero kuyesa ndi kusungunula ndikofunikira.
Momwe mungapangire
1. Wiritsani lita imodzi ya madzi mpaka itenthe (sikuyenera kuwira kwa nthawi yayitali).
2. Onjezani magalamu 50 a fodya, chepetsani moto, wiritsani kwa mphindi 5-10.
3. Zimitsani kutentha, lolani kuti kuzizire.
4. Sefa.
5. Onjezani supuni 1–2 za sopo wamadzimadzi.
6. Sakanizani ngati pakufunika kutero (monga 1:1) musanawonjezere ku chopopera.
-
Njira Yoyenera Yogwiritsira Ntchito pa Zomera
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo a fodya amagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti akhale otetezeka ku zomera, tsatirani malangizo awa:
1. Thirani masana
Madzulo kapena m'mawa ndi bwino kwambiri kuti musapse msanga komanso kuti masamba asapse ndi dzuwa.
2. Yang'anani pansi pa tsamba
Tizilombo tambiri monga nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ntchentche zoyera, timabisala pansi pa masamba. Thirani mpaka pamwamba pa tsamba pakhale ponyowa mofanana, koma pewani kudontha madzi ambiri.
3. Pewani pamene chomera chikutulutsa maluwa
Kuti muteteze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga njuchi, musamapopere pamene maluwa akuyamba kuphuka ndipo tizilombo tafika.
4. Bwerezani ngati pakufunika
Kuthira mankhwala kungathe kubwerezedwa masiku atatu mpaka asanu aliwonse mpaka kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kuchepe. Mukatha kulamulira, ingotithiraninso ngati zizindikiro za matenda zikuwonekeranso.
5. Tsukani zomera zodyedwa (ngati mukufuna koma ndikulimbikitsa)
Ngati yagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndiwo zamasamba kapena zomera zomwe zikuyenera kukolola posachedwa, ndi bwino kutsuka mbewu ndi madzi othamanga. Chabwino, siyani kupopera masiku angapo musanakolole.
-
Zomera Zoyenera Kupewa
Popeza fodya ali m'banja limodzi ndi zomera zina zingapo, pali nkhawa zokhudza matenda ndi kukhudzidwa ndi matenda. Ndi bwino kusamala kwambiri ndi zomera za m'banja la Solanaceae, monga:
- Tomato
- Chili
- Biringanya
- Mbatata
Kuphatikiza apo, zomera zina zokhala ndi masamba owonda zimatha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi njira zosakanikirana. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyesa kaye gawo laling'ono la chomeracho.
-
Malangizo kuti akhale ogwira mtima kwambiri
– Sakanizani ndi kudula pang'ono: chotsani masamba omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri kuti muchepetse msanga kuchuluka kwa tizilombo.
- Gwiritsani ntchito misampha yachikasu pa whitefly ndi thrips, kuti muwongolere bwino.
– Musagwiritse ntchito kawirikawiri ngati tizilombo tachepa kale: kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungasokoneze adani achilengedwe a tizilombo monga tizilombo tolusa.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chopopera chosalala bwino: utsi wosalala umakhala wofanana komanso wogwira ntchito bwino.
-
Chitetezo ndi Machenjezo Ofunika
Ngakhale kuti zimachokera ku zosakaniza zachilengedwe, mankhwala ophera tizilombo a fodya si otetezeka kotheratu. Nikotini imatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu ndipo ndi yoopsa ngati itamezedwa.
- Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi ndi chigoba popanga ndi kupopera.
– Musapopere mpweya woipa.
- Sungani mankhwalawa kutali ndi ana ndi ziweto.
- Musagwiritse ntchito ziwiya zosungiramo chakudya/chakumwa zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kale.
– Tayani madzi otsalawo mwanzeru, osati m'madziwe a nsomba kapena m'madzi.
-
Kutseka
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo achilengedwe opangidwa kuchokera ku fodya akhoza kukhala njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kupanga yopewera tizilombo, makamaka m'minda yapakhomo. Ndi zosakaniza zosavuta—fodya, madzi, ndi sopo wamadzimadzi pang'ono—mutha kupanga njira yothira mankhwala yothandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo toyamwa monga nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ntchentche zoyera. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a mlingo, kuyesa chomera, kupopera mankhwala panthawi yoyenera, ndikusunga chitetezo.
Ngati mukufuna, ndingakuthandizeninso kupanga njira yophikira yofanana ndi mtundu wa chomera chomwe mukuchilima (monga mpiru, nkhaka, kapena zomera zokongoletsera) komanso mtundu wa tizilombo tomwe tikuukira panopa, kuti mupeze mlingo wolondola komanso nthawi yopopera.
