Kusiyana pakati pa miyala ya Igneous yolowerera ndi yotuluka
Miyala ya igneous ndi mtundu wa miyala yopangidwa kuchokera ku kuzizira ndi kupangika kwa magma kapena lava. Miyala iyi imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu kutengera komwe imazizirira: miyala ya igneous yolowerera ndi miyala ya igneous yotuluka. Yonse ili ndi makhalidwe osiyana, njira zopangira, ndi mawonekedwe. Nkhaniyi ifufuza kusiyana pakati pa miyala ya igneous yolowerera ndi yotuluka mwatsatanetsatane kuti ipereke kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwa makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe awo.
Miyala ya Igneous Yosokoneza
Tanthauzo ndi Mapangidwe
Miyala ya igneous yomwe imalowa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti miyala ya plutonic, imachokera ku kuzizira kwa magma yomwe imagwidwa mkati mwa nthaka ya Dziko Lapansi. Chifukwa chakuti njira yozizira imachedwa, makhiristo a mchere omwe ali m'miyala iyi amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yokulira. Magma iyi imalowa m'ming'alu kapena m'malo ofooka mu nthaka ya Dziko Lapansi ndipo imalimba pamenepo.
Zitsanzo za Miyala Yosalowerera
Zitsanzo za miyala ya igneous yomwe imalowa m'malo mwake ndi granite, diorite, ndi gabbro. Granite ndi imodzi mwa miyala yodziwika bwino kwambiri m'gululi. Granite nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi quartz, feldspar, ndi mica, ndipo imadziwika ndi tinthu take tating'onoting'ono tolimba.
Kapangidwe ndi Kapangidwe
Chifukwa cha njira yochepetsera kupanga makristalo, miyala yolowerera imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a phaneritic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti makristalowo ndi akulu mokwanira kuti awonekere ndi maso. Miyala iyi imagwirizananso kwambiri komanso ndi yovuta chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yomwe imatenga kuti ma mineral bond amphamvu apangidwe.
Malo a Zachilengedwe
Miyala yolowerera nthawi zambiri imapezeka pansi pa dziko lapansi mozama kwambiri, pamapeto pake imakwera pamwamba kudzera mu njira za tectonic ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Mapiri ndi madera omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri za geology ndi malo ofala kwambiri a miyala yolowerera.
Miyala Yaikulu Yaiwisi
Tanthauzo ndi Mapangidwe
Miyala ya extrusive igneous, kapena miyala ya volcano, imapanga kuchokera ku kuzizira kwa chiphalaphala chomwe chimafika pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi. Mosiyana ndi miyala yolowerera, chiphalaphala chimazizira mofulumira kwambiri, kotero makhiristo omwe amapangidwa amakhala ang'onoang'ono kapena ngati galasi.
Zitsanzo za Miyala Yotuluka
Zitsanzo za miyala ya igneous extrusive ndi monga basalt, andesite, ndi rhyolite. Basalt ndi miyala yofala kwambiri ya volcano ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda kapena imvi yakuda. Andesite ndi rhyolite nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka ndipo zimakhala ndi mankhwala ambiri okhala ndi silika.
Kapangidwe ndi Kapangidwe
Miyala yotuluka nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a aphanitic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti makhiristo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri moti zimakhala zovuta kuwona popanda maikulosikopu. Miyala ina yotuluka imathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi galasi kapena vitreous, monga obsidian. Kapangidwe kena kofala ndi vesicular, komwe miyalayo imakhala ndi ma pores opangidwa ndi mpweya womwe umagwidwa panthawi yozizira kwa lava.
Malo a Zachilengedwe
Miyala yotuluka m'madzi imapezeka m'malo omwe anali ophulika kapena omwe kale anali ophulika, monga m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ophulika kapena zigwa za lava. Chifukwa chakuti imapanga pamwamba, miyala iyi nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magawo kapena m'madzi oundana a lava.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Miyala ya Igneous Yolowerera ndi Yotuluka
Malo Opangidwira
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa miyala ya igneous yolowerera ndi yotuluka ndi malo omwe imapangidwira. Miyala yolowerera imapanga pansi pa dziko lapansi, pomwe miyala yotuluka imapanga pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kapena pafupi ndi dziko lapansi.
Njira Yoziziritsira
Kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kwa magma m'miyala yolowerera kumalola kupangidwa kwa makristalo akuluakulu, pomwe kuziziritsa mwachangu kwa lava m'miyala yotuluka kumapanga makristalo ang'onoang'ono kapena kupanga kapangidwe konga galasi.
Kapangidwe kake
Miyala yolowerera imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a phaneritic okhala ndi makhiristo akuluakulu, owoneka bwino, pomwe miyala yotuluka nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a aphanitic okhala ndi makhiristo ang'onoang'ono kapena mawonekedwe agalasi. Miyala ina yotuluka imathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a vesicular chifukwa cha mpweya wotsekeredwa.
Kuchuluka kwa Mchere ndi Mtundu
Kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi mtundu wake zimathanso kusiyana pakati pa miyala yolowerera ndi yotuluka, ngakhale kuti ili ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala kofanana. Mwachitsanzo, granite, mwala wolowerera, ndi rhyolite, mwala wotuluka, zonse zimakhala ndi silika wambiri, koma granite nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba pomwe rhyolite nthawi zambiri imakhala yopyapyala.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Miyala yambiri yolowerera imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani omanga chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake. Mwachitsanzo, granite nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziboliboli, nyumba, ndi misewu. Miyala yotuluka monga basalt imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira misewu komanso ngati zida zomangira monga njerwa kapena slabs.
Zotsatira pa Chilengedwe
Miyala yotuluka m'madzi nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika za mapiri zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa chilengedwe, monga kuphulika kwa mapiri komwe kumatulutsa chiphalaphala, mpweya, ndi phulusa la mapiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ntchito yomwe imapanga miyala yolowerera nthawi zambiri siioneka pamwamba ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatirapo za nthawi yayitali kudzera mu njira za geological monga kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi kukwera kwa nthaka.
Mapeto
Pofuna kumvetsetsa miyala ya igneous, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa miyala yolowerera ndi yotuluka. Miyala yolowerera imapanga kuchokera ku kuzizira kwa magma pansi pa Dziko Lapansi ndipo imakhala ndi makristalo akuluakulu okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima, pomwe miyala yotuluka imapanga kuchokera ku kuzizira kwa lava pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi ndipo imakhala ndi makristalo ang'onoang'ono kapena mawonekedwe agalasi. Mitundu yonse ya miyala imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa kayendedwe ka miyala ndipo imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa njira za geological zomwe zimachitika mkati ndi pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi. Kudzera mu kuphunzira bwino zonsezi, titha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe Dziko Lapansi limagwirira ntchito komanso njira zomwe zimapangitsa pamwamba pake.
