Kukana kwa mphamvu ya Electromotive (EMF) mu mphamvu yamagetsi
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda mu closed circuit, kuyambira pa high potential kupita pa low potential. Pamene magetsi akuyenda kudzera mu gawo kukana kwamagetsi, panali kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi chifukwa mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mphamvu. Kuti magetsi azitha kuyenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa, chipangizo chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi. Chipangizochi chimatchedwa mphamvu yamagetsi (EMF), kapena molondola, gwero lamagetsi. EMF kapena gwero lamagetsi ndi gawo lomwe limasintha mtundu umodzi wa mphamvu kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi, monga batire, accumulator, solar cell, kapena jenereta yamagetsi.
Gwero la magetsi amagetsi (emf)
Chithunzi chomwe chili pambali ndi chithunzi chosavuta cha dera lotsekedwa lomwe lili ndi emf (ε) ndi kukana (R). Mzere wautali woyima pa gwero la emf ukuyimira mphamvu yayikulu pomwe mzere waufupi woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yochepa. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda pakapita nthawi inayake imatchedwa mphamvu yamagetsi, komwe kutsogolera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumawonetsedwa ndi muvi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikasuntha kuchokera ku mphamvu yochepa kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezeka.
Zopinga mu
Chaji yamagetsi ikasuntha kuchokera ku mphamvu yochepa kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu, chajiyo imakhala ndi kukana. Magwero enieni amagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zopinga zamkati, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi chizindikiro r. Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda zopinga zamkati (r), pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kapena mphamvu zamagetsi zimachepa.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yotumizira
Voliyumu yamagetsi ya terminal (V) kapena voltage yotsekera ndi voltage yopangidwa ndi gwero lamagetsi kapena gwero la emf. Mwa masamu, imafotokozedwa kudzera mu equation:
V= ε – I r
Zambiri:
V = Mphamvu yamagetsi, ε = emf, I = magetsi, r = kukana kwamkati.
Ngati batire ya 12 Volt ili ndi kukana kwamkati kwa 0,2 Ω Kenako magetsi a 2 A akatuluka mu batire, magetsi amatuluka Mtengo wa terminal ndi 12 – (0,2)(2) = 12 – 0,4 = 11,6 Volts.
Ngati palibe mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku batire, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi = emf. Mwachitsanzo, ngati emf = 12 volts, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi = 12 volts. Ngati pali mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku gwero la emf, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yocheperapo kuposa emf.
EMF ndi magetsi amagetsi omwe alembedwa, mwachitsanzo, pa batire, pomwe magetsi otsekereza ndi magetsi enieni amagetsi kapena kusiyana kwenikweni kwa mphamvu, komwe mtengo wake umakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu batire.
