Kusiyana pakati pa Plasma ya Magazi ndi Seramu
Magazi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, lomwe limanyamula mpweya, zakudya, mahomoni, ndi zinthu zina kupita ku ziwalo zonse ndi minofu. Magazi amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza kuti machitidwe a thupi azigwira ntchito bwino. Pali zigawo ziwiri zazikulu zamadzimadzi zamagazi zomwe zimakambidwa kawirikawiri mu zamankhwala ndi kafukufuku wazachipatala: plasma ndi seramu. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimaonedwa kuti ndizofanana ndi anthu wamba, plasma ndi seramu zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza kusiyana pakati pa plasma ndi seramu yamagazi ndi kufunika komvetsetsa zigawo ziwirizi pankhani yazachipatala.
Madzi a m'magazi
Tanthauzo ndi Kuphatikizika kwa Plasma
Madzi a m'magazi ndi madzi achikasu otuwa omwe amapanga pafupifupi 55% ya kuchuluka kwa magazi a munthu. Madzi a m'magazi amapangidwa ndi pafupifupi 90-92% ya madzi, ndipo otsalawo amakhala ndi mapuloteni, mchere, ma enzyme, mpweya, michere, ndi zinyalala.
Ntchito ya Plasma
Plasma imagwira ntchito ngati njira yonyamulira. Imathandiza kunyamula mankhwala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kupita nazo ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Plasma imagwira ntchito:
1. Amanyamula zakudya ndi mahomoni m'thupi lonse.
2. Kunyamula zinyalala za kagayidwe kachakudya kupita nazo ku chiwindi ndi impso kuti zitulutsidwe.
3. Zimathandiza kulamulira kutentha kwa thupi kudzera mu kugawa kutentha.
4. Ili ndi mapuloteni a m'magazi monga albumin omwe amathandiza kuti magazi azithamanga bwino komanso kuti magazi azithamanga bwino.
5. Muli zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuti magazi aziundana monga fibrinogen zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yochotsa magazi m'thupi.
Kupanga Plasma
Madzi a m'magazi amapezeka kuchokera ku magazi athunthu omwe atengedwa kenako n’kulekanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito centrifuge. Centrifuge ndi chipangizo chomwe chimazungulira chitsanzo cha magazi mwachangu kwambiri, ndikulekanitsa zigawo zake kutengera kuchuluka kwawo. Maselo ofiira ndi oyera amasonkhana pansi pa chubu, pomwe plasma yopepuka imakhalabe pamwamba.
Seramu ya Magazi
Tanthauzo ndi Kapangidwe ka Seramu
Seramu ndi madzi omwe amatsalira magazi akaundana ndipo zinthu zotsekereza magazi monga fibrinogen zachotsedwa. Njirayi imachotsa zina mwa zinthu zofunika zomwe zili mu plasma, koma imasunga zinthu monga mahomoni, ma electrolytes, ma antigen, ndi mapuloteni.
Ntchito ya Seramu
Seramu ikadali ndi mankhwala ambiri ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa matenda ndi kafukufuku. Ntchito zofunika za seramu ndi izi:
1. Perekani chidziwitso chodziwitsa matenda kudzera mu mayeso osiyanasiyana a magazi.
2. Lili ndi ma antibodies omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa matenda ndi mayankho a chitetezo chamthupi.
3. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi kupanga katemera.
4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayesero azachipatala kuti ayang'anire matenda kapena kumvetsetsa zotsatira za chithandizo.
Kupanga Seramu
Njira yopangira seramu ndi yofanana ndi ya plasma, koma ndi sitepe yowonjezera. Pambuyo posonkhanitsa magazi athunthu, chitsanzocho chimasiyidwa kuti chiyime kapena chothandizira kutseka magazi chimawonjezedwa kuti chiyambe kutseka magazi. Magazi akangoundana, plasma ndi zigawo za maselo monga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya seramu pamwamba.
Kuyerekeza Kwatsatanetsatane Pakati pa Plasma ndi Seramu
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala
1. Mapuloteni ndi Zinthu Zopangitsa Kuundana kwa Magazi:
– Plasma ili ndi zinthu zochititsa magazi kuundana (monga fibrinogen) zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yochotsa magazi m'thupi.
– Seramu ilibe chinthu chochititsa magazi kuundana ichi konse, chifukwa chakhala chikutseka magazi.
2. Ma Electrolyte, Ma Hormone, ndi Ma Enzymes:
– Magazi ndi seramu zonse zili ndi ma electrolyte (monga sodium, potaziyamu, calcium), mahomoni, ndi ma enzyme pafupifupi ofanana, koma palibe chomwe chimagwira ntchito poyambitsa kuundana kwa magazi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zachipatala ndi Zachipatala
1. Mayeso Ozindikira Matenda:
– Plasma nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa matenda omwe amafunika kusanthula magazi monga PT (Prothrombin Time) kapena aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time).
- Seramu ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa mayeso osiyanasiyana a magazi monga mayeso a shuga, mayeso a chiwindi, ndi mayeso osiyanasiyana a chitetezo chamthupi.
2. Zosowa Zapadera:
- Plasma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zachipatala zomwe zimafuna kuikidwa magazi kuti zithetse mavuto otuluka magazi kapena kutsekeka kwa magazi.
- Seramu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories ofufuza pa mayeso osiyanasiyana a biochemical.
Njira Yokonzekera
1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Oletsa Kutsekeka kwa Magazi:
– Plasma imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana monga EDTA, heparin, kapena sodium citrate, omwe amaletsa magazi kuundana panthawi yopatukana.
– Seramu imapezeka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ndipo imakhudza magazi kuundana mwachibadwa musanapatukane.
2. Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Pakati pa Ma Centrifugation:
– Plasma imapezeka kudzera mu njira yolunjika ya centrifugation pambuyo powonjezera mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana.
– Seramu imapezeka kudzera mu centrifugation magazi akangoundana ndikupanga stratum.
Kukhazikika ndi Kusungirako
- Kukhazikika:
– Seramu imaonedwa kuti ndi yokhazikika kuposa plasma chifukwa ilibe zinthu zolimbitsa magazi zomwe zingasinthe ndipo sizimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
- Malo Osungira:
– Plasma imafuna kusungidwa kutentha kochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri imafuna kusamalidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti zinthu zotsekereza magazi zisawonongeke.
– Seramu ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo ozizira kapena ozizira popanda kusokoneza umphumphu wake.
Mapeto
Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa plasma ndi seramu ndikofunikira kwambiri pazachipatala komanso kafukufuku wasayansi. Plasma imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutseka magazi ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, seramu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa matenda chifukwa ilibe zinthu zotsekereza magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zokhazikika pakapita nthawi. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana koma zofunika kwambiri pazachipatala komanso m'ma laboratories. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ziwirizi kungathandize kwambiri pakupeza matenda, kuchiza, komanso kufufuza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa bwino plasma ndi seramu kumathandizanso kuti chisamaliro chaumoyo chikhale bwino komanso kuti kafukufuku wa zachipatala apitirire.
