Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fiziki mu Zomangamanga
Kumanga nyumba sikuti ndi luso lokha lopanga nyumba zokongola komanso zogwira ntchito, komanso kumaphatikizapo maphunziro ovuta asayansi, kuphatikizapo fizikisi. Fizikisi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti nyumbazo ndi zotetezeka, zomasuka, komanso zogwira ntchito bwino. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza momwe fizikisi imagwirira ntchito pa zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo nyumba zomangidwa, mphamvu, mawu, ndi chitonthozo cha kutentha.
Kapangidwe ka Nyumba
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito fizikisi pa zomangamanga ndi kumvetsetsa nyumba. Fizikisi ndiyo maziko a momwe nyumba zimayimilira ndikupirira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, mphamvu yokoka komanso zambali monga mphepo ndi zivomerezi. Mfundo zazikulu za makina, monga kupsinjika, kupsinjika, ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, zonse zimachokera ku kuphunzira fizikisi.
Malamulo a Newton amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa nyumba. Popanga milatho, nyumba zazitali, kapena nyumba zina, mainjiniya omanga nyumba ayenera kusanthula kupsinjika ndi mphamvu zomwe zipangizo zomangira zimakumana nazo. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lachitatu la Newton ("pa chilichonse chomwe chimachitika pali njira yofanana komanso yosiyana") limapereka maziko omvetsetsa momwe makoma amathandizira denga komanso momwe maziko amathandizira nyumba yonse.
Moment of Inertia ndi lingaliro lina lofunika kwambiri la fizikisi mu zomangamanga. Limafotokoza momwe kufalikira kwa kulemera mkati mwa chinthu kumakhudzira mphamvu yake, zomwe ndizofunikira pozindikira kukana kwa kapangidwe kake ku katundu. Mu nyumba zazitali, ma simulation a makompyuta amagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi kulosera momwe nyumba zidzapindika kapena kugwedezeka pansi pa mphepo kapena zivomezi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Mphamvu Moyenera
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono. Fiziki ya Thermodynamic imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga nyumba zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Mfundo zosungira mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyumba zikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zomwe zilimo.
Kuteteza kutentha kumagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kuyendetsa kutentha. Zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zimasankhidwa kutengera kuthekera kwawo kuchepetsa kutentha kulowa ndi kutuluka mnyumba. Fiberglass, polystyrene thovu, ndi ubweya wa mchere ndi zitsanzo zina za zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutaya kutentha m'nyengo yozizira ndikusunga kuzizira m'chilimwe.
Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ndipo mapanelo a dzuwa akuchulukirachulukira popanga nyumba. Mfundo ya photovoltaics, yomwe imasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi, imayendetsedwa ndi quantum physics. Mapanelo awa amaikidwa pa ngodya zinazake zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa chaka chonse.
lamayimbidwe
Kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka mawu omveka bwino kamathandiza kuti mawu azimveka bwino m'nyumba monga m'maholo ochitira konsati, m'malo ochitira zisudzo, ndi m'maholo ophunzirira. Fiziki ya mawu omveka bwino imathandiza akatswiri omanga nyumba kumvetsetsa momwe mawu amagwirira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kuwunikira ndi kuyamwa kwa mawu ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri mu zomangamanga. Malo olimba monga konkire kapena galasi amawonetsa mawu, pomwe zinthu zofewa monga kapeti kapena mapanelo a mawu amayamwa. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu kumasankhidwa kuti pakhale malo ofunikira a mawu. Mwachitsanzo, ma auditorium amapangidwa ndi malo otsetsereka ndi zinthu zoyamwa mawu kuti zitsimikizire kuti mawu samveka mopitirira muyeso, komanso samakhala otsekedwa kwambiri.
Nthawi Yobwerezabwereza (RT) ndi gawo lomwe nthawi zambiri limawerengedwa pakupanga mawu m'chipinda. RT ndi nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti phokoso lichepe ndi 60 dB pambuyo poti gwero la mawu layimitsidwa. Zipinda zosiyanasiyana zimafuna ma RT osiyanasiyana; malo ochitira ma konsati nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma RT ataliatali kuti awonjezere nyimbo, pomwe zipinda zochitira misonkhano zimafuna ma RT ochepa kuti amveke bwino mawu.
Chitonthozo cha Kutentha
Chitonthozo cha kutentha ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza chitonthozo ndi ntchito zabwino za okhala m'nyumba. Kugwiritsa ntchito thermodynamics ndi fizikisi yosinthira kutentha popanga nyumba kumathandiza kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kutentha kwabwino.
Machitidwe a HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) apangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za fizikisi. Kusamutsa kutentha (convection, conduction, and radiation) ndi mphamvu zamadzimadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machitidwe omwe angathe kulamulira bwino kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya m'nyumba yonse. Kugawa mpweya kuyenera kukonzedwa kuti chipinda chilichonse chikhale ndi malo abwino, monga kuphatikiza kutentha, chinyezi, ndi liwiro la mpweya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhalamo azikhala bwino.
Mpweya wachilengedwe umathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mphamvu zamadzimadzi ndi mphamvu ya thermodynamics. Mpweya wodutsa, pomwe mpweya wabwino umalowa mbali imodzi ya nyumba ndikutuluka mbali inayo, umagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mphamvu ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya wachilengedwe kuti uzizire ndi kutsitsimutsa mpweya wamkati.
Kuyeserera kwa Pakompyuta ndi Ukadaulo Wamakono
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa makompyuta monga mapulogalamu a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) ndi Building Information Modeling (BIM) kwapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito fizikisi mu zomangamanga kukhale kokwera kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe ndi Katundu kamagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amawonetsa momwe kapangidwe ka zinthu kadzakhalire pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya katundu ndi kupsinjika. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) imalola kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kupsinjika kwa zinthu ndi kupsinjika, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa kukana kwa kapangidwe ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mphepo yamkuntho, zivomezi, kapena kuphulika.
Mphamvu ndi Thermodynamic Modeling zimathandiza akatswiri omanga nyumba ndi mainjiniya kupanga nyumba zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Ma simulation awa amaganizira zinthu monga momwe nyumba imayendera, zipangizo za pakhoma, mitundu ya mawindo, ndi makina a HVAC kuti awerengere momwe mphamvu imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kulosera momwe kutentha kumakhalira.
Kuyerekezera mawu kumathandiza akatswiri omanga nyumba kumva momwe mawu adzamvekere m'malo opangidwa asanamangidwe. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka popanga ma konsati, malo ochitira zisudzo, kapena zipinda zamisonkhano, komwe khalidwe la mawu ndi lofunika kwambiri.
Mapeto
Ponseponse, kugwiritsa ntchito fizikisi mu zomangamanga ndi kuphatikiza kopanda vuto kwa zaluso ndi sayansi. Fizikisi sikuti imangothandiza kuonetsetsa kuti nyumba zomangira zimakhala zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika komanso imalimbikitsa luso lamakono pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera, mawu, komanso chitonthozo cha kutentha. Kudzera mu kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa mfundo zakuthupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono, akatswiri omanga nyumba amatha kupanga nyumba zomwe sizokongola komanso zogwira ntchito zokha komanso zosunga mphamvu komanso zosawononga chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, fizikisi imagwira ntchito ngati msana womwe umagwirizanitsa kukongola ndi magwiridwe antchito mu zomangamanga zamakono.
