Kodi Chochitika cha Resonance ndi Chiyani?
Kumveka bwino kwa mawu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri mu fizikisi chifukwa kungayambitse chinthu kugwedezeka kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chakuti "kukanikiza" komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuli ndi mafupipafupi oyenera. Izi zimachitika osati mu labotale yokha komanso m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku: kuyambira pa kusintha kwa mapaki mpaka phokoso la zida zoimbira mpaka ukadaulo wa wailesi. Pazifukwa zina, kumveka bwino kwa mawu kungakhale kopindulitsa kwambiri. Komabe, ngati sikulamuliridwa, kumveka bwino kwa mawu kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwakukulu, mwachitsanzo milatho, nyumba, kapena makina.
Kumvetsetsa Kugwirizana
Mwachidule, resonance ndi pamene dongosolo limagwedezeka ndi mphamvu yayikulu (kukula kwa kugwedezeka) chifukwa cha mphamvu yakunja yomwe ma frequency ake ndi ofanana kapena ofanana kwambiri ndi ma frequency achilengedwe a dongosololi. Chinthu chilichonse kapena dongosolo lililonse lomwe lingagwedezeke—monga kasupe, chingwe cha gitala, mzati wa mpweya, kapena ngakhale nyumba yayitali—limakhala ndi ma frequency achilengedwe, omwe ndi ma frequency ake "okondedwa" pamene akugwedezeka popanda kukakamizidwa.
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yobwerezabwereza (mphamvu ya nthawi ndi nthawi) pa frequency inayake, dongosolo lidzayankha. Komabe, yankho nthawi zambiri silimakhala lalikulu. Yankho lalikulu kwambiri limachitika pamene frequency ya mphamvu yakunja "ikugwirizana" ndi frequency yachilengedwe. Izi zimatchedwa resonance.
Kuchuluka kwa Zachilengedwe ndi Chifukwa Chake Kuli Kofunika
Kuti mumvetse kumveka bwino kwa mawu, mfundo yaikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu mwachibadwa. Chinthu chikasokonezedwa kuchokera pamalo ake ofanana kenako n’kutulutsidwa, chimakhala chosinthasintha mwanjira inayake. Njira imeneyi imadalira mawonekedwe a chinthucho: kulemera, kuuma, kutalika, mawonekedwe, ndi momwe chimamangiriridwa.
Chitsanzo chosavuta: dongosolo la mass-spring. Pamene masika akulimba, ma frequency ake achilengedwe amawonjezeka (amagwedezeka mofulumira). Pamene ma frequency ake akuwonjezeka, ma frequency ake amachepa (amagwedezeka pang'onopang'ono). Pankhani ya chingwe cha gitala, kutalika kwa chingwe, mphamvu, ndi kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikizira ma frequency achilengedwe omwe amapanga noti inayake.
N’chifukwa chiyani ma frequency achilengedwe ndi ofunikira? Chifukwa kusinthasintha kumachitika nthawi yomweyo mphamvu zakunja zikafika pa kayimbidwe komweko. Zili ngati kukankhira swing: ngati mutakankhira pa nthawi yoyenera, swing idzakwera kwambiri. Ngati nthawi yanu siili bwino, kukankhira "kudzalimbana" ndi kayendedwe ka swing ndikuyifooketsa.
Kufanizira kwa Kusinthasintha: Chitsanzo Chodziwika Kwambiri cha Kugwirizana
Kusuntha kwa paki ndiyo njira yosavuta kumvetsetsa kusinthasintha kwa mawu. Kusuntha kumakhala ndi ma frequency enieni achilengedwe, kutengera kutalika kwa chingwe ndi mphamvu yokoka. Munthu akakankhira kusuntha nthawi ndi nthawi (pa nthawi zokhazikika), zotsatira zake zimadalira ngati nthawi yokankhira ikugwirizana ndi ma frequency achilengedwe a kusuntha.
- Ngati kukankhana kuperekedwa pamene kugwedezeka kukulowera komwe kukankhirako kukankhirako, mphamvu imawonjezeka ndipo kukula kwake kumawonjezeka.
- Ngati kukankhira sikunaperekedwe bwino, mphamvu sizingawonjezere bwino kapena kuchepetsa kuyenda.
Mu resonance, kukankha pang'ono koma kosalekeza panthawi yoyenera kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwakukulu. Chochitikachi chikuwonetsa kuti resonance sikutanthauza "mphamvu zazikulu," koma "nthawi yabwino."
Kumveka bwino kwa mawu ndi zida za nyimbo
Kumveka bwino kwa mawu kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'dziko la mawu. Mawu okha ndi mafunde amakina omwe amafalikira kudzera mu sing'anga (mpweya, madzi, kapena zinthu zolimba). Zida zambiri zoimbira nyimbo zimagwiritsa ntchito kumveka bwino kwa mawu kuti ziwonjezere mawu.
1. Gitala ndi vayolini
Zingwe zodulidwa zimagwedezeka, koma phokoso lochokera ku zingwe zokha ndi laling'ono. Bokosi la resonance (thupi la gitala/violin) limakulitsa kugwedezeka mwa kupangitsa mpweya mkati kuti umveke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lalikulu komanso lolemera.
2. Zida zoimbira mphepo
Mu chitoliro, clarinet, lipenga, kapena chitoliro cha organ, mpweya womwe uli mkati mwa chitolirocho umamveka bwino. Kutalika kwa chitolirocho ndi malo a mabowowo zimatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa ma resonant komwe kumapanga kamvekedwe.
3. Kumveka bwino kwa mawu a munthu
Zingwe za mawu zimapangitsa kuti mawu azigwedezeka, koma ubwino wa mawu a munthu umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawu mkamwa, m'mphuno, ndi pakhosi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira zolankhulira nthawi zambiri zimagogomezera "kuyika mawu" kuti kulimbikitse ndikuwonjezera mawu.
Kugwirizana mu Ukadaulo: Ma wailesi, Zosefera, ndi Masensa
Kugwedezeka sikumangokhudza kugwedezeka kwa makina okha; kumapezekanso m'machitidwe amagetsi. M'magawo ena amagetsi (monga ma RLC circuits), pali ma frequency a resonant pomwe impedance ya dera imakhala yocheperako kapena yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma signal pama frequency amenewo akwezedwe kapena kusankhidwa.
Ntchito zofunika zikuphatikizapo:
– Kulankhulana kwa wailesi ndi opanda zingwe: Ma wailesi osinthira ma wailesi amasankha ma frequency a siteshoni inayake pogwiritsa ntchito resonance, kuti ma frequency ena achepetsedwe.
- Zosefera zamagetsi: Zipangizo zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zochokera ku resonance kuti zilekanitse chizindikiro chomwe mukufuna kuchokera ku kusokoneza.
- Masensa ndi ukadaulo wamakono: Mawotchi a quartz amagwiritsa ntchito kumveka kwa makhiristo a quartz kuti apange kugwedezeka kokhazikika, komwe kumapanga maziko oyesera nthawi molondola.
Kumveka Koopsa: Pamene Kugwedezeka Kumakhala Masoka
Kumveka bwino kwa mawu kungakhale koopsa ngati kungapangitse kuti ma amplitude a kugwedezeka akhale akulu kwambiri moti amapitirira malire a mphamvu ya chinthucho. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mphamvu nthawi zonse "zimaunjikana" mu dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwedezeka kuchuluke kwambiri.
Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino:
– Mlatho wa Tacoma Narrows (1940) ku United States unagwa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwakukulu komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi mphepo. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri (yokhudza kugwedezeka kwa aeroelastic), nthawi zambiri imakambidwa limodzi ndi resonance chifukwa imasonyeza momwe kugwedezeka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi kungakulitsire kwambiri kayendedwe ka kapangidwe ka thupi.
– Nyumba zikachitika zivomerezi: Zivomerezi zimapangitsa kuti zivomerezi zigwedezeke pafupipafupi zosiyanasiyana. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa nthaka kuli pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa nyumbayo, nyumbayo imatha kumveka bwino ndikuwonongeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mainjiniya a zomangamanga amaganizira kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa nyumbayo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zopopera kuti achepetse chiopsezo.
Mu makina a mafakitale, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu sikufunikanso. Ma shaft ozungulira kapena zinthu zogwedezeka zimatha kutopa ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwawo.
Udindo wa Kuchepetsa Mphamvu: Chifukwa Chake Kusinthasintha Sikopanda Malire Nthawi Zonse
Mu dziko lenileni, kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu nthawi zambiri sikumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya magetsi ikwere kwamuyaya chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala kuzizira: kukangana kwa mpweya, kukangana kwa mkati mwa zinthu, kukana kwa magetsi, ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana ya kutayika kwa mphamvu. Kuzizira kumachita ngati "buleki" yomwe imachepetsa mphamvu yogwedezeka.
– Mu makina omwe ali ndi damping yaying'ono, ma resonance peaks amakhala akuthwa ndipo ma amplitude amatha kukhala akulu kwambiri.
- Mu makina omwe ali ndi damping yayikulu, resonance imakhala "yocheperako" ndipo amplitude yayikulu imakhala yocheperako.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amawonjezera zoletsa kugwedezeka kwa nyumba zazitali, magalimoto, komanso zida zapakhomo.
Kumveka Kozungulira Ife
Popanda kuzindikira, kusinthasintha kwa mawu nthawi zambiri kumawonekera m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku:
– Galasi limatha kusweka ngati litayikidwa pamalo oyenera (ngakhale kuti zinthu zina ndi mphamvu ya mawu ambiri zimafunika).
- Wokamba nkhaniyo amapanga phokoso lalikulu chifukwa kapangidwe ka bokosi lake kamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya womveka bwino.
– Mukakankhira mwana kuti azisewera pa swing, kwenikweni mukugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya resonance.
Kubwerezabwereza kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zamankhwala. Chitsanzo chimodzi chodziwika bwino ndi MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a nuclear magnetic resonance mu maatomu a haidrojeni mkati mwa thupi kuti ipange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ziwalo ndi minofu.
Mapeto
Kugwedezeka ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwedezeka kwambiri ndi mphamvu yakunja pa ma frequency ofanana kapena pafupi ndi ma frequency ake achilengedwe. Kugwedezeka kungapereke ubwino waukulu: kukulitsa phokoso la zida zoimbira, kusankha ma frequency mu ma radio, kukhazikika kwa ma oscillator mu mawotchi a quartz, komanso kuthandizira matenda kudzera mu MRIs. Komabe, kugwedezeka kungakhale koopsa ngati kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwambiri, monga m'nyumba kapena zigawo za makina.
Kuphunzira kusinthasintha kwa mawu kumatithandiza kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake kufananiza nthawi ndi mafupipafupi ndikofunikira kwambiri m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo kumatiphunzitsanso kuti mu sayansi, zotsatira zazikulu nthawi zambiri sizimachokera ku mphamvu zazikulu, koma kuchokera ku mikhalidwe yoyenera. Ngati mukufuna, nditha kulembanso nkhaniyi ndi zitsanzo zina, kuwonjezera ma formula osavuta, kapena kusintha chilankhulo cha ophunzira a sekondale/sekondale.
