Kugula Mankhwala M'zipatala
Kugula mankhwala m'zipatala ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popereka chithandizo chamankhwala. Kupezeka kwa mtundu woyenera, kuchuluka, ubwino, kupezeka kwa mankhwala panthawi yake, komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo ya mankhwala kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa chithandizo, chitetezo cha odwala, komanso kukhazikika kwa ntchito za zipatala. Popanda njira yabwino yogulira mankhwala, zipatala zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwa katundu, kuwononga bajeti, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopanda nzeru. Chifukwa chake, kugula mankhwala si ntchito yogula yokha, koma ndi njira yoyendetsera bwino, kuyambira kukonzekera zosowa mpaka kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
1. Udindo wanzeru pakupeza mankhwala
Mankhwala ndi omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri m'zipatala zambiri, makamaka pa milandu yodwala, opaleshoni, chisamaliro cha odwala kwambiri, komanso chithandizo cha khansa. Kupatula phindu lawo pazachuma, mankhwala amakhudzananso ndi chitetezo cha odwala. Kusankha molakwika kwa ogulitsa, kugawa mochedwa, kapena kusungira mosayenera kungawononge ubwino wa mankhwala ndipo kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zachipatala. Chifukwa chake, kugula mankhwala kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yofunikira yokhudza mayunitsi osiyanasiyana: kukhazikitsa mankhwala, komiti ya mankhwala ndi chithandizo, gawo lokonzekera, ndalama, kugula, ndi oyang'anira akuluakulu.
2. Gawo lokonzekera zosowa za mankhwala
Kukonzekera ndiye maziko a kugula bwino. Zipatala nthawi zambiri zimalemba mndandanda wa zofunikira kutengera fomula yachipatala, mndandanda wa mankhwala ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, pamodzi ndi miyezo yochizira. Kupanga fomula nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo Komiti ya Mankhwala ndi Mankhwala, yomwe imaganizira umboni wazachipatala, chitetezo, kugwira ntchito bwino, ndi mtengo wake.
Njira zokonzekera zofunikira zingagwiritse ntchito kuphatikiza kwa:
- Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala: imawerengera zosowa kutengera deta yakale yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, yosinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa odwala/odwala, momwe matenda amachitikira, ndi mautumiki atsopano.
– Njira yochokera ku matenda: imawerengera kutengera kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe akuyembekezeka komanso miyezo ya chithandizo (malangizo), yoyenera mapulogalamu ena.
- Kusanthula kwa ABC ndi VEN:
- ABC imathandiza gulu la mankhwala kutengera mtengo wogwiritsidwa ntchito (A ndiye wapamwamba kwambiri, C ndiye wotsika kwambiri).
– Magulu a mankhwala a VEN kutengera kufunika kwawo kuchipatala: Ofunika, Ofunika, Osafunikira.
Kuphatikiza kwa ABC-VEN kumathandiza zipatala kuyika patsogolo bajeti ndikukhala ndi ulamuliro wolimba pa mankhwala okwera mtengo komanso/kapena ofunikira.
Kukonzekera kuyeneranso kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala operekedwa, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala operekedwa, ndi malo oti muyikenso mankhwala. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mupewe kutha kwa mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa nthawi yayitali kapena omwe amafunidwa kwambiri. Zipatala zomwe zili ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi ndi malo osamalira odwala nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala operekedwa nthawi yomweyo.
3. Kukonzekera bajeti ndi magwero a ndalama
Zosowa zikadziwika, gawo lotsatira ndi kukonza bajeti. Zipatala ziyenera kulinganiza zosowa zachipatala ndi ndalama. Zipatala zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu a inshuwaransi kapena machitidwe ofunsira (monga INA-CBGs) ziyenera kuika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito popanda kuwononga ubwino. Kukambirana mitengo, kusankha mankhwala abwino, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molamulidwa ndi njira zodziwika bwino.
Bajeti yogulira zinthu ingachokere ku ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'zipatala, ndalama zopezera ntchito, ndalama zothandizira, kapena magwero ena. Kuwonekera bwino kwa bajeti komanso kuyankha mlandu ndikofunikira chifukwa kugula mankhwala nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosagwira ntchito bwino ngati sikuyang'aniridwa bwino.
4. Njira yosankhira ogulitsa ndi njira yogulira
Kusankha ogulitsa kuyenera kuganizira za kuvomerezeka, mbiri, kuthekera kopereka, mtundu wa malonda, komanso kutsatira malamulo ogawa mankhwala. Mwachiyembekezo, wogulitsa ayenera kukhala ndi chilolezo chovomerezeka monga Wogulitsa Mankhwala (PBF) ndipo athe kupereka mankhwala motsatira miyezo yosungira ndi kutumiza.
Njira zogulira zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chipatala ndi malamulo oyenera. Njira zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
– Msika/malonda: nthawi zambiri amagulira zinthu zazikulu kuti atsimikizire kuti mitengo yake ndi yopikisana.
– Kugula mwachindunji: pa zosowa zadzidzidzi, zochepa, kapena mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka kwa ogulitsa ena okha.
– Katalogi ya pa intaneti kapena njira yogulira zinthu zamagetsi: imathandizira kuwonekera poyera, kuyika mitengo moyenera, komanso kufulumizitsa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito.
Mu mapangano ogula zinthu, zipatala ziyenera kukhala ndi mfundo zofunika monga kutsimikizira khalidwe, nthawi yoperekera katundu, kusintha katundu wowonongeka/wotha ntchito, ndi zilango ngati wogulitsa sakukwaniritsa mgwirizano.
5. Kulandira, kuyang'anira ndi kusunga mankhwala
Mankhwala akagulidwa, gawo lolandirira mankhwala ku malo osungiramo mankhwala liyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino. Zina mwa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndi izi:
- Kutsatira kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mankhwala motsatira dongosolo (PO).
- Mkhalidwe wa phukusi, zisindikizo ndi zilembo.
- Nambala ya gulu, tsiku lotha ntchito, ndi zikalata zothandizira.
- Mikhalidwe yoyendera, makamaka mankhwala oletsa kufalikira kwa matenda monga katemera kapena insulin.
Kusunga mankhwala kuyenera kutsatira mfundo za FIFO (First In First Out) ndi FEFO (First Expired First Out), ndi kutentha koyenera ndi chinyezi. Mankhwala ena amafunika kusungidwa mwapadera: mankhwala osokoneza bongo/psychotropics ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chotsekedwa ndi kusunga zolemba mosamala, pomwe mankhwala osamala kwambiri amafunika kulembedwa ndi njira zotetezera kufalikira kwa mankhwala.
6. Kugawa ku mayunitsi operekera chithandizo ndi kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake
Kugawa mankhwala kuchokera ku pharmacy kupita ku mayunitsi monga odwala omwe ali m'chipatala, odwala akunja, ICU, ndi madipatimenti azadzidzidzi kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso mwachangu. Machitidwe ogawa mankhwala angaphatikizepo:
- Kupereka mlingo wa mankhwala: mankhwala amakonzedwa pa mlingo uliwonse wa mankhwala kwa wodwala aliyense, zomwe zimawonjezera chitetezo koma zimafuna dongosolo labwino komanso anthu ogwira ntchito.
– Mankhwala olamulidwa pansi: mankhwala ena amaikidwa m'chipinda chosamalira odwala motsogozedwa ndi mankhwala.
– Dongosolo la mankhwala la munthu aliyense payekha: mankhwala amaperekedwa malinga ndi zomwe dokotala walemba komanso zosowa za wodwalayo.
Kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika kudzera mu kafukufuku wa mankhwala, kuyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki (kuyang'anira maantibayotiki), ndikuwunika momwe mankhwalawo akugwiritsidwira ntchito. Kugula bwino kuyenera kugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru; apo ayi, masheya adzatha msanga chifukwa cha mankhwala osayenera kapena mankhwala okwera mtengo adzawonongeka.
7. Kuwongolera zoopsa: kusowa, kutha ntchito, ndi mankhwala abodza
Zoopsa zazikulu pakugula mankhwala ndi kutha kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe atha ntchito. Kutha kwa mankhwala kungasokoneze chithandizo cha odwala ndikukakamiza kusintha mankhwala omwe angakhale osayenera. Kutha kwa mankhwala kumabweretsa kutayika kwa ndalama komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsatira malamulo. Njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi izi:
- Kuwunika katundu nthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwitsira mankhwala.
- Konzaninso malo okonzera kutengera deta yeniyeni.
- Gawaninso katundu pakati pa mayunitsi ndikubwezera kwa ogulitsa nthawi iliyonse ikatheka.
- Kuneneratu za matenda kutengera momwe nyengo ikuyendera komanso mapulogalamu operekera chithandizo.
Kuphatikiza apo, zipatala ziyenera kukhala maso kuti zisafalikire mankhwala abodza kapena osaloledwa. Chifukwa chake, kugula kuyenera kuchitika kudzera m'njira zovomerezeka zokha, ndi kufufuza zikalata ndi kutsatira zinthu ngati pali zovuta zilizonse.
8. Udindo wa ukadaulo ndi machitidwe azidziwitso
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kumathandizira kwambiri kuti kugula zinthu kuyende bwino. Dongosolo lazidziwitso zoyendetsera zipatala (SIMRS) lolumikizidwa ndi pharmacy limalola:
- Kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito deta.
- Kuyang'anira katundu, masiku otha ntchito, ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu.
- Kufotokoza za ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, mtengo wa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, ndi mankhwala ofunikira.
- Kuphatikiza ndi kugula zinthu pa intaneti kuti muchepetse kugula.
Ndi deta yabwino, oyang'anira amatha kupanga zisankho mwachangu pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kapena kusokonezeka kwa zinthu.
9. Kuwunika kosalekeza ndi kusintha
Kugula mankhwala kuyenera kuyesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zizindikiro zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi izi:
- Chiwerengero cha kusowa kwa mankhwala ofunikira.
- Mankhwala omwe atha ntchito komanso kuwonongeka.
- Kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera ntchito.
- Kuthamanga kwa kukwaniritsa zopempha za gawo lautumiki.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mitengo komanso kulondola kwa wogulitsa.
Zotsatira za kuwunikaku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza njira, kusintha ma formularies, ndikukweza luso la anthu ogwira ntchito omwe akukhudzidwa.
Mapeto
Kugula mankhwala m'zipatala ndi njira yovuta komanso yothandiza, yomwe imafuna kukonzekera zosowa, kukonza bajeti, kusankha ogulitsa, kugula, kulandira, kusunga, kugawa, ndi kuwunika. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwala abwino akupezeka, pamtengo wabwino, komanso kuthandizira chitetezo cha odwala. Ndi machitidwe olimba, ulamuliro wowonekera bwino, komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo, zipatala zimatha kukhazikitsa kugula mankhwala moyenera komanso moyenera kutengera zosowa za chithandizo chamankhwala zomwe zikusintha.
