Zitsanzo 8 za Mafunso Okhudza Kugundana
Kugundana kosalala bwino
1. Zinthu ziwiri A (3 kg) ndi B (5 kg) zimayenda mbali imodzi ndi liwiro la 8 ms – 1 ndi 4 ms – 1 motsatana . Ngati chinthu A chikugunda chinthu B ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, ndiye kuti liwiro la chinthu chilichonse pambuyo pa kugundana ndi...
A. 3 ms –1 ndi 7 ms –1
B. 6 ms –1 ndi 10 ms –1
C. 4,25 ms –1 ndi 10 ms –1
D. 5,5 ms –1 ndi 5,5 ms –1
E. 8 ms –1 ndi 4 ms –1
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kulemera kwa chinthu A (m 1 ) = 3 kg
Kulemera kwa chinthu B (m2 ) = 5 kg
Liwiro la chinthu A (v 1 ) = 8 ms –1
Liwiro la chinthu B (v 2 ) = 4 ms –1
Kugundana kosalala bwino
Anafunsa: v 1 ' ndi v 2 '
Yankho:
Ngati zinthu zomwe zimagundana mozungulira zimakhala ndi kulemera kosiyana ndipo liwiro la zinthu ziwirizo pambuyo pa kugundana silikudziwika, ndiye kuti liwiro pambuyo pa kugundana limawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation yotsatirayi:
Ngati zinthu zonse ziwiri zikuyenda mbali imodzi, liwiro lawo limakhala labwino. Ngati zinthu zonse ziwiri zikuyenda mbali zosiyana, liwiro la chinthu chimodzi ndi labwino ndipo liwiro la chinthu china ndi loipa.
Kotero liwiro la chinthu A (v 1 ') pambuyo pa kugundana ndi 3 m/s ndipo liwiro la chinthu B (v 2 ') pambuyo pa kugundana ndi 7 m/s.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
2. Mpira wokhala ndi mphamvu P umagunda khoma ndikudumphadumpha. Kugundana kumakhala kosalala bwino ndipo komwe kumayang'ana kumakhala kolunjika. Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira ndi...
A. ziro
B. p/4
C. p/4
D.P
E. 2P
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Unyinji wa mpira = m
Liwiro la mpira usanagwere = v
Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kukhudza = -v (mpira umadumpha kumanzere)
Mphamvu ya mpira usanagunde (po o ) = mv
Mphamvu ya mpira pambuyo pa kugundana (p t ) = m (-v) = – mv
Funso: Kodi kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya mpira ndi kotani?
Yankho:
Kusintha kwa mphamvu:
Δp = p t – po
Δp = – mv – mv
Δp = – 2 mv
Δp = -2p
Kukula kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira ndi 2p. Chizindikiro chotsutsa chimasonyeza komwe mpirawo ukupita.
Yankho lolondola ndi E.
3. Zinthu ziwiri A ndi B zokhala ndi kulemera komweko zimadutsana. A zimapita Kum'mawa ndi B kumadzulo, ndi liwiro la V ndi 2V motsatana. Ngati zinthuzo zagundana bwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo kugundanako kumayamba...
A. V A = V Kumadzulo, V B = V Kum'mawa
B. V A = 2V Kumadzulo, V B = 2V Kum'mawa
C. V A = 2V Kumadzulo, V B = V Kum'mawa
D. V A = V Kumadzulo, V B = 2V Kum'mawa
E. V A = 2V kupita Kum'mawa, V B = V kupita Kumadzulo
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Zinthu zonsezi zili ndi kulemera kofanana.
A imayenda kum'mawa pa liwiro la V
B imayenda kumadzulo pa liwiro la 2V
Funso: Liwiro la A ndi B pambuyo pa kugundana
Yankho:
Ngati unyinji wa zinthu zonse ziwiri ndi wofanana ndipo kugundanako kuli kotambasuka bwino, ndiye kuti zinthu ziwirizi zimasinthasintha liwiro pambuyo pa kugundanako.
Choncho pambuyo pa kugundana, A imapita kumadzulo ndi liwiro la 2V ndipo B imapita kum'mawa ndi liwiro la V.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
Kugundana Kopanda Kutanuka
4. Zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi kulemera komweko zimayenda molunjika molunjika monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi!
Ngati v 2 ' ndi liwiro la chinthu (2) pambuyo pa kugundana kumanja ndi liwiro la 5 ms -1 , ndiye kuti kukula kwa liwiro v 1 ' (1) pambuyo pa kugundana ndi…..
A. 7 ms −1
B. 9 ms −1
C. 13 ms −1
D. 15 ms −1
E. 17 ms −1
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kulemera kwa zinthu zonse ziwiri ndi kofanana = m
Liwiro la chinthu 1 chisanachitike kugundana (v 1 ) = 8 m/s
Liwiro la chinthu 2 chisanachitike kugundana (v 2 ) = 10 m/s
Liwiro la chinthu 2 pambuyo pa kugundana (v 2 ') = 5 m/s
Funso: Liwiro la chinthu 1 pambuyo pa kugundana (v 1 ')
Yankho:
Uku ndi kugongana kosatha kwa elastic. v 1 ' imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo losunga mphamvu:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 ' + m 2 v 2 '
m (v 1 + v 2 ) = m (v 1 ' + v 2 ')
v 1 + v 2 = v 1 ' + v 2 '
8 + 10 = v 1 ' + 5
18 = v 1 ' + 5
v 1 ' = 18-5
v 1 ' = 13 m/s
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
Kugundana kwa Inelastic
5. Chipolopolo cha magalamu 10 chomwe chikuyenda pa liwiro la 100 m/s -1 chikugunda chipika chosasuntha cha matabwa ndipo chimakhala mkati mwake. Ngati kulemera kwa chipika cha matabwa ndi magalamu 490, liwiro la chipika cha matabwa ndi chipolopolocho nthawi yomweyo kugundana ndi...
A. 1,0 ms -1
B. 2,0 ms -1
C. 2,5 ms -1
D. 4,0 ms -1
E. 5,0 ms -1
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kulemera kwa chipolopolo (m 1 ) = 10 magalamu
Liwiro la zipolopolo (v 1 ) = 100 ms -1
Kulemera kwa chipika (m2 ) = 490 magalamu
Liwiro la chipika (v 2 ) = 0 m/s (chipikacho chili pamalo opumulira)
Funso: Liwiro la chipika chamatabwa ndi chipolopolo nthawi yomweyo kugundana
Yankho:
Chipolopolocho chimagunda matabwa osasuntha ndipo chimakhala mkati mwake, kotero uku ndi kugundana kosasinthasintha. Njira yopangira kugundana kosasinthasintha ndi iyi:
Mphamvu isanafike kugundana = mphamvu pambuyo pa kugundana
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v'
(10)(100) + (490)(0) = (10 + 490) v'
1000 + 0 = 500 v'
1000 = 500 v'
v' = 1000 / 500
v' = 2 m/s = 2 ms -1
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
6. Galimoto yoyenda pa liwiro la 10 m/ s yagundidwa ndi galimoto yoyenda pa liwiro la 20 m/ s . Pambuyo pa kugundana, magalimoto awiriwa agundana. Ngati kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndi 1400 kg ndipo kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndi 600 kg, liwiro la magalimoto awiriwa pambuyo pa kugundana ndi...
A. 6 ms –1
B. 9 ms –1
C. 11 ms –1
D. 13 ms –1
E. 17 ms –1
Zokambirana
Pambuyo pa ngoziyi, magalimoto awiriwa anagwirizana, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi yopanda kupyapyala.
Amadziwika kuti:
Liwiro la galimoto (v 1 ) = 10 m/s
Liwiro la galimoto (v 2 ) = 20 m/s
Kulemera kwa galimoto (m1 ) = 1400 kg
Kulemera kwa galimoto (m2 ) = 600 kg
Funso: liwiro la magalimoto onse awiri pambuyo pa kugundana (v)
Yankho:
Fomula yolumikizirana yopanda elastic:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(1400) (10) + (600) (20) = (1400 + 600) v
26000 = 2000 v
v = 13 m/s
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
7. Chipolopolo cha magalamu 20 chikuyenda pa liwiro la 10 m/s - chimodzi mopingasa chimagunda chipika cha magalamu 60 chomwe chili pansi. Ngati chipolopolocho chakhala mu chipikacho, ndiye kuti liwiro la chipikacho ndi….
A. 1,0 ms -1
B. 1,5 ms -1
C. 2,0 ms -1
D. 2,5 ms -1
E. 3,0 ms -1
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti :
Kulemera kwa chipolopolo (m P ) = magalamu 20 = 0,02 kg
Kulemera kwa buloko (m B ) = magalamu 60 = 0,06 kg
Liwiro loyambirira la chipolopolo (v P ) = 10 m/s
Liwiro loyambirira la chipika (v B ) = 0
Funso : liwiro la chipolopolo ndi chipika pambuyo pa kugundana (v')
Yankho :
Njira ya lamulo losunga mphamvu ngati zinthu ziwirizi zikamamatirana pambuyo pa kugundana:
m P v P + m B v B = (m P + m B ) v'
(0,02)(10) + (0,06)(0) = (0,02 + 0,06) v'
0,2 + 0 = 0,08 v'
0,2 = 0,08 v'
v' = 0,2 / 0,08
v' = 2,5 m/s
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
8. Ma trolley awiri A ndi B, iliyonse yolemera 1,5 kg, imayendera limodzi ndi v A = 4 ms -1 ndi v B = 5 ms -1 monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Ngati ma trolley awiriwa agundana mopanda kukhuthala, ndiye kuti liwiro la ma trolley awiriwa pambuyo pa kugundana ndi...
A. 4,5 ms-1 Kumanja
B. 4,5 ms -1 kumanzere
C. 1,0 ms -1 kumanzere
D. 0,5 ms -1 kumanzere
E. 0,5 ms -1 kumanja
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kulemera kwa trolley A (m A ) = 1,5 kg
Kulemera kwa trolley B (m B ) = 1,5 kg
Liwiro la trolley A isanafike kugundana (v A ) = 4 m/s (yabwino kumanja)
Liwiro la trolley B isanafike kugundana (v B ) = -5 m/s (negative kumanzere)
Funso: Ngati kugundana kuli kosalala, dziwani liwiro la ma trolley awiriwo pambuyo pa kugundana.
Yankho:
Lamulo losunga mphamvu:
m A v A + m B v B = (m A + m B ) v'
(1,5)(4) + (1,5)(-5) = (1,5 + 1,5) v'
6 – 7,5 = (3) v'
-1,5 = (3) v'
v' = -1,5 / 3
v' = -0,5 m/s
Chizindikiro chotsutsa chimatanthauza kuti pambuyo pa kugundana zonse ziwiri zimapita kumanzere, mbali imodzi ndi trolley B. Izi zikumveka bwino chifukwa mphamvu ya trolley B ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya trolley A.
Gwero la funso:
Mafunso a National Examination Physics a Senior High School/Vocational High School
