Zitsanzo 12 za mafunso osavuta a makina
1. Yang'anani chithunzi cha pulley yokhazikika pambali! Kuti muyinyamule, mphamvu F imafunika.
wamkulu ngati ...
A. 50 N
B. 100 N
C. 200 N
D. 1000 N
Zokambirana
Kulemera kwa katundu = 100 Newtons. Kuti munyamule katunduyo, mphamvu yochepa ya 100 Newtons imafunika.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
2. Yang'anani chithunzicho!
Ubwino wa makina a lever ndi…
A. 1
B. 1,5
C. 2,5
D. 10
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kulemera (w) = 75 Newtons
Mphamvu (F) = 7,5 Newtons
Mphamvu Yamphamvu (LK) = 50 cm
Mkono Wonyamula (LB) = 5 cm
Yafunsidwa: Ubwino wa makina (KM)
Yankho:
Fomula ya ubwino wa makina a lever:
KM = w / F kapena KM = LK/LB
Chidziwitso: KM = ubwino wa makina, w = kulemera kwa katundu, F = mphamvu, LK = mkono wa mphamvu, LB = mkono wonyamula katundu.
Ubwino wa makina a lever umawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ili pamwambapa:
KM = w/F = 75 Newtons / 7,5 Newtons = 10 kapena
KM = LK/LB = 50 cm /5 cm = 10
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
3. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha lever!
Mphamvu yokweza mwala ndi yaikulu kwambiri…
A. 2.250 Newton
B. 1.500 Newton
C. 750 Newton
D. 500 Newton
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kulemera kwa katundu (w) = 1500 Newton
Mkono wonyamula katundu (Lb) = mamita 0,5
Mkono wamphamvu (Lk) = mamita 1,5
Anafunsa: Mphamvu (F)
Yankho:
Fomula ya ubwino wa makina a lever:
Km = w / F kapena Km = Lk/Lb
Kufotokozera kwa fomula:
Km = ubwino wa makina, w = kulemera kwa katundu, F = mphamvu, Lk = mkono wa mphamvu, Lb = mkono wonyamula katundu.
Ubwino wa makina:
Km = Lk/Lb = 1,5/0,5 = 3
Kalembedwe kakakulu:
Km = w / F
F = w / Km
F = 1500 Newtons / 3
F = 500 Newton
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
4. Yang'anani chithunzicho!
Pa makina anayi osavuta omwe ali pamwambapa, imodzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya ndege yopendekeka ndi ...
A. 1 ndi 2
B. 1 ndi 3
C. 2 ndi 3
D. 3 ndi 4
Zokambirana
Makina osavuta ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ntchito ya anthu ikhale yosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuvutika kukweza chinthu kufika pamtunda winawake, mungagwiritse ntchito malo otsetsereka. Kukankhira chinthu m'malo otsetsereka kumafuna mphamvu zochepa kuposa kuchikweza mwachindunji. Pankhaniyi, chinthucho chimayenda pomwe malo otsetsereka amakhala osasuntha.
Mphepete mwa chithunzi pamwambapa ndi ndege yopendekera yomwe ilibe. Pali mapulaneti opendekera omwe ndi makina osavuta omwe amatha kuyenda, monga zomangira (1) ndi ma wedge. Zitsanzo za ma wedge ndi nkhwangwa (2), mipeni ndi ma chisel. Pankhaniyi, chinthucho chimakhalabe pamene mapulaneti opendekera akuyenda.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
5. Makina otsatirawa osavuta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya lever ndi...
Zokambirana
Mtundu umodzi wa makina osavuta ndi lever. Lever ndi chida chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu, pomwe mphamvu yopangidwa imakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yotulutsidwa. Pali mitundu itatu ya lever, yomwe ndi lever ya kalasi yoyamba, lever ya kalasi yachiwiri ndi lever ya kalasi yachitatu. Khalidwe la lever ya kalasi yoyamba ndilakuti fulcrum ili pakati pa mphamvu ndi katundu, mwachitsanzo lumo ndi pliers. Khalidwe la lever ya kalasi yachiwiri ndilakuti katundu ali pakati pa fulcrum ndi mphamvu, mwachitsanzo chokokera misomali ndi stapler. Khalidwe la lever ya kalasi yachitatu ndilakuti mphamvu ili pakati pa katundu ndi fulcrum, mwachitsanzo burashi.
Chithunzi B ndi chitsanzo cha lever yachiwiri, pomwe katundu ali pakati pa fulcrum (gudumu) ndi mphamvu (mphamvu yonyamula ndi mphamvu yokankhira ya munthu).
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
6. Makina osavuta otsatirawa ali ndi mfundo yofanana yogwirira ntchito ndi makina osavuta omwe ali pamwambapa, omwe ndi...
Zokambirana
Makina osavuta pachithunzi pamwambapa ndi lever. Lever ndi chipangizo chowonjezera mphamvu, pomwe mphamvu yochokerapo imakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali mitundu itatu ya lever: lever ya kalasi yoyamba, lever ya kalasi yachiwiri, ndi lever ya kalasi yachitatu.
Khalidwe la lever ya kalasi yoyamba ndilakuti fulcrum ili pakati pa mphamvu ndi katundu, mwachitsanzo levers, lumo ndi pliers.
Khalidwe la lever yachiwiri ndilakuti katunduyo uli pakati pa fulcrum ndi mphamvu, mwachitsanzo chokokera misomali ndi chogwirizira.
Khalidwe la lever ya kalasi yachitatu ndilakuti mphamvu ili pakati pa katundu ndi fulcrum, mwachitsanzo burashi.
Chithunzi chomwe chili mu funsoli pamwambapa ndi chowongolera ndipo makina osavuta omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi chowongolera ndi lumo.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
7. Yang'anani masewera a seesaw monga momwe asonyezedwera pachithunzi chotsatira!
Kulemera kwa mwana A ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa mwana B. Kuti seesaw ikhale yofanana, malo oyenera ndi...
A. Chigawo cha T chasunthidwa kupita ku mfundo P
B. Mwana B akusunthira ku mfundo R
C. Mwana A akusunthira ku mfundo P
D. Mwana B akupita ku mfundo Q
Zokambirana
Seesaw ndi chitsanzo cha makina osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito lever. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina ake ndi iyi:
KM = w lb = F lk
Zambiri:
KM = ubwino wa makina,
w = katundu
lb = mkono wonyamula katundu = mtunda pakati pa katundu ndi fulcrum. fulcrum yomwe ili pachithunzichi ndi T
F = mphamvu
lk = mkono wa mphamvu = mtunda pakati pa mphamvu ndi fulcrum. fulcrum yomwe ili pachithunzichi ndi T
Kutengera ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, kuti chinthu chopangidwa ndi katundu (w) ndi mkono wonyamula katundu (lb) chikhale chofanana ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi mphamvu (F) ndi mkono wonyamula katundu (lk), ndiye kuti ngati katunduyo ndi wamkulu ndipo mphamvuyo ndi yaying'ono, mkono wonyamula katundu (lb) uyenera kukhala wochepa ndipo mkono wonyamula katundu (lk) uyenera kukhala waukulu.
Yang'anani chithunzi pamwambapa. Ngati A ndi katundu wamkulu ndipo B ndi mphamvu yocheperako, ndiye kuti kulinganiza kumachitika pamene mkono wonyamula katundu uli wochepa ndipo mkono wonyamula mphamvu uli waukulu.
Mkono wonyamula katundu umakhala wochepa mwana A akasintha kukhala P.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
8.
Onani chithunzi chili pansipa!
Pa mapulaneti anayi opendekeka pamwambapa, omwe ali ndi ubwino wofanana wa makina akuwonetsedwa mu nambala ya chithunzi….
A. (1) ndi (2)
B. (1) ndi (3)
C. (2) ndi (4)
D. (3) ndi (4)
Zokambirana
Mzere wopendekera ndi makina osavuta. Makina osavuta ndi zida zomwe zimathandiza anthu kuchita ntchito. Mzere wopendekera umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu athe kukweza zinthu mosavuta.
Ubwino wa makina a ndege yopendekeka ndi chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa ndege yopendekeka ndi kutalika kwa ndege yopendekeka.
Ubwino wa makina a ndege yopendekeka 1 = 5 cm / 2 cm = 2,5
Ubwino wa makina a ndege yopendekeka 2 = 3 cm / 2 cm = 1,5
Ubwino wa makina a ndege yopendekeka 3 = 3 cm / 1 cm = 3
Ubwino wa makina a ndege yopendekeka 4 = 12 cm / 4 cm = 3
Ubwino womwewo wa makina ukuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi (3) ndi (4).
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
9.
Ma plane ena opendekeka ali ndi kukula kofanana ndi chithunzicho.
Chomwe chili ndi ubwino wofanana ndi wa makina ndi ndege yopendekera….
A. (1) ndi (2)
B. (1) ndi (3)
C. (2) ndi (4)
D. (3) ndi (4)
Zokambirana
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 1 = 3,2 m / 80 cm = 320 cm / 80 cm = 4
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 2 = 3,6 m / 90 cm = 360 cm / 90 cm = 4
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 3 = 3 m / 120 cm = 300 cm / 120 cm = 2,5
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 4 = 4 m / 125 cm = 400 cm / 125 cm = 3,2
Ubwino womwewo wa makina ukuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi (1) ndi (2).
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
10.
Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha ndege yopendekeka!
Ndege yopendekera yomwe ili ndi ubwino wofanana ndi wa makina ndi….
A. (1) ndi (2)
B. (1) ndi (3)
C. (2) ndi (3)
D. (3) ndi (4)
Zokambirana
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 1 = 3 m / 1,2 m = 2,5
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 2 = 5 m / 2 m = 2,5
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 3 = 4 m / 1,5 m = 2,6
Ubwino wa makina a plane yopendekeka 4 = 3,6 m / 1,2 m = 3
Ubwino womwewo wa makina ukuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi (1) ndi (2).
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
11. Makina osavuta
Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha lever.
Mtunda AB = BC = CD = DE, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mfundo E kuti lever ikhale yolinganizidwa ndi…
A. 300 N
B. 450 N
C. 750 N
D. 900 N
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
AB = BC = CD = DE = l
Dzanja lonyamula katundu (Lb) = l
Dzanja lamphamvu (Lk) = 3l
Kulemera kwa katundu (w) = 900 Newton
Anafunsa kuti: Mphamvu (F)
Yankho:
Ubwino wa makina:
Km = Lk/Lb = 3l/l = 3
Kalembedwe kakakulu:
Km = w / F
F = w / Km
F = 900 Newtons / 3
F = 300 Newton
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
12. Onani chithunzi cha lever pansipa!
Kenako katunduyo amasunthidwa pafupi ndi fulcrum pa 10 cm. Kuti chiwongolero chikhale bwino, mphamvuyo iyenera kukhala...
A. kuphatikiza 54 N
B. kuchotsa 64 N
C. kuphatikiza 75 N
D. kuchotsa 96 N
Zokambirana
Werengerani mkono wamphamvu (Lk)
Amadziwika kuti:
Mkono wonyamula katundu (Lb) = 25 cm
Kulemera kwa katundu (w) = 480 Newton
Mphamvu (F) = 160 N
Anafunsa kuti: Dzanja lamphamvu (Lk)
Yankho:
Ubwino wa makina (Km):
Km = w / F = 480 Newtons / 160 N = 3
Dzanja lamphamvu (Lk):
Km = Lk/Lb
3 = Lk/25 cm
Lk = (3)(25 cm)
Lk = 75 cm
Werengerani kukula kwa mphamvu (F)
Amadziwika kuti:
Mkono wonyamula katundu (Lb) = 25 cm – 10 cm = 15 cm
Kulemera kwa katundu (w) = 480 Newton
Dzanja lamphamvu (Lk) = 75 cm
Anafunsa kuti: Mphamvu (F)
Yankho:
Ubwino wa makina (Km):
Km = Lk/Lb
Km = 75 cm / 15 cm
Makilomita = 5
Kukula kwa mphamvu (F):
Km = w / F
F = w / Km
F = 480 Newtons / 5
F = 96 Newton
Kuti lever ikhale pamalo oyenera, mphamvu imachepetsedwa ndi ma Newton 64 (160 N - 96 N).
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
Gwero la funso:
Mafunso a Mayeso a Sayansi ya Sukulu ya Sekondale/Chisilamu cha Sukulu ya Sekondale
