11 Zitsanzo za mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo loyamba la thermodynamics pa njira zosiyanasiyana za thermodynamic (isobaric, isothermal, isochoric)
1. Chithunzi chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kayendedwe ka thermodynamic komwe kumachitika ndi mpweya. Ntchito yomwe mpweya umagwira ntchito ABCD ndi…
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kupanikizika 1 (P)1) = 2 x 105 Pa
Kupanikizika 2 (P)2) = 4 x 105 Pa
Voliyumu 1 (V)1) = 1 m3
Voliyumu 2 (V)2) = 3 m3
Anafunsa Ntchito yomwe mpweya umachita mu ndondomeko ya ABCD cycle
Yankhani :
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mpweya = dera la rectangle ABCD.
W = (P)2 - P1)(V2 - V1)
W = (4 x 105 - 2 x 105)(3 – 1)
W = (2 x 105) (2)
W = 4 x 105 Joule
Ntchito yomwe mpweya umachita mu ndondomeko ya ABCD cycle ndi 4 x 105 Joule.
2. Ntchito yomwe mpweya umachita mu ndondomeko ya ABC cycle ndi…
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kupanikizika 1 (P)1) = 3 x 105 Pa
Kupanikizika 2 (P)2) = 6 x 105 Pa
Voliyumu 1 (V)1) = 20 cm3 = 20x10 pa-6 m3
Voliyumu 2 (V)2) = 60 cm3 = 60x10 pa-6 m3
Anafunsa Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mpweya mu ndondomeko ya ABC cycle
Yankhani :
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi mpweya = dera la katatu ABCD.
W = ½ (P2 - P1)(V2 - V1)
W = ½ (6 x 10)5 - 3 x 105)(60 x 10-6 - 20 x 10-6)
W = ½ (3 x 10)5)(40 x 10-6)
W = ½ (120 x 10)-1 Joule)
W = ½ (12 Joules)
W = 6 Joule
Ntchito yomwe mpweya umachita mu ndondomeko ya ABC cycle ndi 6 Joules.
3. Chithunzi cha kupanikizika (P) motsutsana ndi voliyumu (V) ya mpweya pamalo otsekedwa. Gawo la chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa mpweya womwe ukugwira ntchito pa chilengedwe ndi…
Zokambirana
Njira AB ndi njira DC ndi njira za isobaric. Njira AD ndi njira BC ndi njira za isochoric.
Mpweya umagwira ntchito pamalo ozungulira ngati mpweya ukukulirakulira kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa malo omwe mpweya umakhalamo kumawonjezeka (DC process). Malo ozungulira amagwira ntchito pamalo ozungulira ngati mpweya ukuchepa kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa malo omwe mpweya umakhalamo kumachepa (BC process).
4. Mpweya wonse wabwino umadutsa mu njira ya isochoric kotero...
A. mamolekyu onse ali ndi liwiro lofanana
B. pa kutentha kwakukulu liwiro lapakati la mamolekyu ndi lalikulu
C. mpweya woipa umakhalabe wokhazikika
D. mpweya ugwira ntchito
E. alibe mphamvu yamkati
Zokambirana
Isochoric = voliyumu yosasinthasintha.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
5. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino kumapanikizidwa kudzera mu njira ya thermodynamic kuchokera ku boma 1 kupita ku boma 2 monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa graph yotsatira ya PV. Ntchito yomwe mpweyawo wachita ndi…
A. -180 J
B. -90 J
C. -30 J
D. 30 J
E. 90 J
Zokambirana
Lita imodzi = 0,001 m 3
Amadziwika kuti :
Kupanikizika 1 (P 1 ) = 10 kPa = 10.000 Pa = 10.000 N/m 2
Kupanikizika 2 (P 2 ) = 20 kPa = 20.000 Pa = 20.000 N/m 2
Voliyumu 1 (V 1 ) = malita 4 = 4 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,004 m 3
Voliyumu 2 (V 2 ) = malita 10 = 10 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,010 m 3
Kufunidwa : Ntchito (W) yochitidwa ndi mpweya
Yankho:
W = P (V 2 – V 1 ) + 1/2 (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = 10.000 ( 0,010-0,004) + 1/2 (20.000-10.000) (0,010-0,004)
W = 10.000 (0,006) + 1/2 (10.000) (0,006)
W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)
W = 60 + 1/2 (60)
W = 60 + 30
W = 90 Joule
Yankho lolondola ndi E.
6. Yang'anani chithunzi cha PV chomwe chili pambali!
Ntchito yomwe imapangidwa mu ndondomeko ya thermodynamic mu nthawi imodzi ndi…
A. 100 kJ
B. 200 kJ
C. 300 kJ
D. 400 kJ
E. 600 kJ
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti :
Kupanikizika 1 (P 1 ) = 1 x 10 5 Pa = 1 x 10 5 N/m 2
Kupanikizika 2 (P 2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa = 3 x 10 5 N/m 2
Voliyumu 1 (V 1 ) = 2 m 3
Voliyumu 2 (V 2 ) = 4 m 3
Anafunsa : Ntchito (W) yopangidwa.
Yankho :
Ntchito yochitidwa = dera la quadrilateral abcd.
W = (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = (3 x 10 5 – 1 x 10 5 )(4 – 2)
W = (2 x 10 5 )(2)
W = 4 x 105 Joules
W = 400.000 Joule
W = 400 kilo Joule
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
7. Mpweya wabwino umachitika monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi cha PV kumanja. Ntchito yomwe yachitika munjira iyi ndi…
A. 35 J
B. 24 J
C. 15 J
D. 12 J
E. 6 J
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti :
Kupanikizika 1 (P 1 ) = 1 N/m 2
Kupanikizika 2 (P 2 ) = 7 N/m 2
Voliyumu 1 (V 1 ) = 1 m 3
Voliyumu 2 (V 2 ) = 5 m 3
Anafunsa: Ntchito (W) yatha.
Yankho:
Ntchito yachitika = dera la katatu ABC.
W = ½ (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = ½ ( 7-1 ) ( 5-1 )
W = ½ ( 6 )( 4 )
W = ½ (24)
W = 12 Joule
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
8. 0,02 mol ya mpweya wa monatomic pa 350 K ili mu chidebe chotsekedwa. Kodi kutentha kotani komwe kumafunika kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kuwonjezere kufika pa 400 K? Gasi wokhazikika, R = 8,31 J mol-1 K-1.
A. 10 Joule
B. 12,5 Joule
C. 14 Joule
D. 15,5 Joule
E. 17 Joule
Kukambirana:
Ndizodziwika kuti :
n = 0,02 mol
T1 = 350 k
T2 = 400 k
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Anafunsa :
Kutentha (Q)?
Yankhani :
Mu njira ya isochoric (voliyumu yokhazikika), Q = delta U
Kufotokozera: Q = kutentha, delta U = kusintha kwa mphamvu yamkati, U = mphamvu yamkati
9. Ma mole awiri a mpweya wa monatomic pa kutentha kwa madigiri 20 oC ndi kupanikizika 2 × 105 Pa imadutsa mu njira ya isochoric mpaka kupanikizika kutakhala 4 × 105 Pa. Ngati mpweya wokhazikika wa chilengedwe chonse = 8,31 J/mol K, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu yamkati ya mpweya ndi…
A. 7304 J
B. 6200 J
C. 2291 J
D. 2128 J
E. 1208 J
Kukambirana:
Ndizodziwika kuti :
n = 2 mol
T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
P1 = 2x10 pa5 Pa
P2 = 4x10 pa5 Pa
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Anafunsa :
Kusintha kwa mphamvu yamkati (delta U)?
Yankhani :
delta U = 3/2 nR(T2-T1)
Chiwerengero T2 choyamba gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Gay-Lussac's law (voliyumu yokhazikika)
10. Gawo la chithunzi cha kuthamanga (P) - voliyumu (V) chomwe chikuwonetsa ntchito yakunja yolandira mpweya ndi...
A. AB
CD ya B.
C. BC
D. DA
E. AC
Zokambirana :
Ngati ntchito yachitika pa mpweya, voliyumu yake imawonjezeka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati ntchito yachitika pa mpweya wochokera ku gwero lakunja, voliyumu yake imachepa. Njira yomwe yawonetsedwa pa graph pamwambapa yomwe ikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa voliyumu ya mpweya ndi process CD.
Kotero yankho lolondola ndi B.
11. Ma graph omwe ali pansipa akuwonetsa ubale pakati pa kupanikizika (P) ndi voliyumu (V) ya mpweya womwe ukuchitika.
Njira yomwe imapanga khama lalikulu ikuwonetsedwa mu graph nambala ...
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
Zokambirana :
Ntchito yochitidwa = dera. Malo akakula, ntchito yochitidwa imakulanso. Malo akulu kwambiri akuwonetsedwa mu graph 3.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
