Mafunso ndi Zitsanzo za Cryptometry
Cryptomery ndi vuto la majini lomwe jini siliwonetsa mwachindunji zotsatira zake koma m'malo mwake limafuna kukhalapo kwa majini ena kuti liwonetse mawonekedwe ake. Mawuwa adayambitsidwa koyamba ndi katswiri wa majini waku Germany Erich von Tschermak, yemwe adawona kuti makhalidwe ena a zomera amangowonekera pokhapokha ngati pali kuyanjana kwa majini enaake.
Chiyambi cha Cryptometry
Kuti mumvetse cryptomeria, ganizirani zochitika zomwe majini awiri ogwirizana alipo: jini A ndi jini B. Jini A imafuna jini B kuti iwonetse khalidwe linalake, ngakhale jini B silikhudza mwachindunji khalidwe limenelo. Izi zikufanana ndi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa ma enzyme ndi ma cofactor mu biochemistry—kumene cofactor imafunika kuti enzyme ikhale yogwira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti tikufufuza mtundu wa duwa. Tiyerekeze kuti jini A imapanga utoto wofiira. Komabe, popanda jini B, utoto uwu sungapangidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale jini A itakhalapo mu genotype, mtundu wofiira sungawonekere mu duwa popanda kukhalapo kwa jini B, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati "activator."
Mafunso a Chitsanzo cha Cryptometry
Kuti timvetse mosavuta za cryptomery, tiyeni tikambirane za vuto lina.
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Funso:
Mu kafukufuku wokhudza zomera zomwe zimamera maluwa, panali majini awiri: jini A (yopanga mtundu) ndi jini B (mtundu woyambitsa). Mtundu wofiira umaonekera pokhapokha ngati majini onse A ndi B alipo mu genotype ya chomera. Ngati genotype ilibe majini A kapena B, kapena imodzi mwa majini amenewa ilipo mu mawonekedwe obwerezabwereza (a kapena b), chomeracho chidzakhala ndi maluwa oyera.
1. Dziwani mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zimamera chifukwa cha kuphatikizana kwa chomera chokhala ndi genotype AaBb ndi chomera chokhala ndi genotype aabb.
2. Fotokozani kuchuluka kwa mwayi wa phenotype iliyonse yomwe imachokera pamtanda uwu.
Kukambirana:
Kuti tithetse vutoli, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti jini A imapanga zofiira pokhapokha ngati jini B ilipo. Chifukwa chake, tigwiritsa ntchito njira ya Punnett square kuti tidziwe mitundu ya majini a ana.
Gawo 1: Dziwani Gametes
– Chomera 1 (AaBb) chimatha kupanga mitundu inayi ya ma gametes: AB, Ab, aB, ab
– Chomera 2 (aabb) chingathe kupanga mtundu umodzi wa gamete: ab
Gawo 2: Konzani Tebulo la Punnett
Timapanga tebulo la Punnett kuti tiwone zotsatira za mtanda:
``
| ab |
------
AB | AaBb |
Ab | Aabb |
aB | aaBb |
ab | aabb |
``
Gawo 3: Dziwani Phenotype
– AaBb: Ili ndi majini onse a A ndi B, kotero mtundu wake ndi maluwa ofiira.
– Aabb: Ali ndi jini A koma alibe jini B mu mawonekedwe olamulira, kotero mtundu wake ndi maluwa oyera.
– aaBb: Alibe jini ya A mu mawonekedwe olamulira, kotero mtundu wake ndi maluwa oyera.
– aabb: Alibe jini ya A kapena B mu mawonekedwe olamulira, kotero mtundu wake ndi maluwa oyera.
Gawo 4: Tebulo la Kuyerekeza kwa Phenotype
Mwa ana anayi omwe angakhalepo, m'modzi yekha ndiye adzakhala ndi mtundu wa duwa lofiira, ndipo ena onse adzakhala ndi mtundu wa duwa loyera.
Kotero:
– Maluwa ofiira: 1/4 kapena 25%
– Maluwa oyera: 3/4 kapena 75%
Kukambirana ndi Kusanthula
Kuchokera ku zotsatira zomwe zili pamwambapa, tingathe kunena kuti ngakhale jini A yomwe imapanga mtundu wofiira ilipo, popanda jini B yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri, mtundu wofiira sudzawonetsedwa. Chochitikachi chikusonyeza kuti cryptomeria imafuna kuyanjana pakati pa majini awa kuti iwonetse makhalidwe enaake.
Mkhalidwe umenewu nthawi zambiri umapezeka mu kayendetsedwe ka chitukuko cha makhalidwe ovuta, komwe jini imodzi imatha "kubisa" zotsatira zake mpaka itagwirizana ndi jini ina. Chochitikachi n'chothandiza kumvetsetsa momwe kusintha kwa majini kumagwirira ntchito pamlingo wozama kuposa kungolamulira ndi kubwereranso m'mbuyo.
Kufunika kwa Maphunziro a Cryptometric
Kumvetsetsa cryptomeria kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa majini a zomera ndi nyama komanso kuswana. Mwachitsanzo, mu ulimi, kumvetsetsa majini omwe amakhudzidwa popanga utoto kungathandize obereketsa zomera kupanga mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi mitundu yomwe amafunira. Mu biomedicine, kudziwa momwe majini amagwirira ntchito kungathandize pa kafukufuku wa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa majini kovuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuphunzira za cryptomeria kumatsutsa malingaliro akale a makhalidwe amphamvu ndi obwerezabwereza omwe amaphunzitsidwa mu majini oyambira mwa kusonyeza kuti majini amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe amaonekera mu cholowa chosavuta cha Mendelian.
Mapeto
Cryptomery ikuwonetsa momwe kusinthasintha kwa majini kumagwirira ntchito mu cholowa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyanjana kovuta kwambiri kuposa komwe kwafotokozedwa mu chitsanzo choyambirira cha Mendel. Kudzera mu chitsanzo ichi, titha kuwona momwe kuyanjana pakati pa majini kungakhudzire mawonekedwe, komanso chifukwa chake kumvetsetsa lingaliro ili ndikofunikira mu kafukufuku wamakono wa majini.
Mwa kuphunzira za cryptomeria, tidzakhala okhoza bwino kupanga zoyeserera zabwino za majini, kukonza ubwino wa zotsatira za kuswana kwa zomera ndi zinyama, ndikupanga njira zochiritsira majini zothandiza kwambiri pa thanzi.
