Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Kukwiya mu Zomera
Kukwiya kwa zomera ndi luso la zomera kuyankha zinthu zomwe zimawazungulira. Luso limeneli ndi lofunika kwambiri kuti zomera zipulumuke, zikule, komanso zibereke. Ngakhale kuti zomera sizingayende ngati nyama, zili ndi njira zamakono kwambiri zosinthira zinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kuyankha zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zitsanzo zingapo zokhudzana ndi kukwiya kwa zomera kuti timvetse bwino nkhaniyi.
Kumvetsetsa Kukwiya
Kukwiya, mu zamoyo, ndi mphamvu ya chamoyo yoyankha ku zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati. Mu zomera, kukwiya kumatha kuwonedwa kudzera mu mayendedwe osiyanasiyana kapena kusintha kwa thupi. Mayankho ena awa amakhudza mayendedwe omveka bwino, monga kutsegula ndi kutseka masamba, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala osawoneka bwino, monga kusintha kwa liwiro la photosynthesis.
Chitsanzo ndi tropism, yomwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka chomera kupita kapena kuchoka ku chinthu cholimbikitsa. Tropism ikhoza kukhala ngati phototropism (kuyankha kuwala), geotropism (kuyankha mphamvu yokoka), ndi hydrotropism (kuyankha madzi).
Mafunso ndi Kukambirana Zitsanzo
1. Funso: Fotokozani momwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kumachitikira m'zomera ndipo perekani zitsanzo.
Kukambirana: Phototropism ndi momwe chomera chimayankhira kukula kwa kuwala. Ma photon m'maselo a zomera amalimbikitsa hormone auxin kuti isunthire kumbali yomwe kuwala sikuonekera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa maselo omwe ali mbali imeneyo kuti atalikirane mofulumira kuposa omwe ali kumbali yowala. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimakhota kupita ku gwero la kuwala. Chitsanzo chomveka bwino cha phototropism ndi momwe mpendadzuwa umayendera kudzuwa masana kuti ukhale ndi kuwala kokwanira.
2. Funso: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kukayikira ndi kukayikira mu zomera ndi kotani? Perekani chitsanzo cha chilichonse.
Kukambirana: Nastic ndi tropism zonse ndi mitundu ya mayankho a kukula kwa zomera. Komabe, zimasiyana momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake:
– Nasti: Kusuntha kwa ziwalo za zomera, koma mosadalira komwe chilimbikitsocho chikupita. Mwachitsanzo, kusuntha kotseka kwa tsamba la mimosa pudica likakhudzidwa. Kusuntha kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa turgor mwachangu m'maselo omwe ali pansi pa tsamba.
– Tropism: Ndi momwe chomera chimayankhira molunjika ku chinthu chakunja cholunjika (monga kuwala kapena mphamvu yokoka). Chitsanzo ndi phototropism, yomwe imapangitsa chomera kukula kupita ku gwero la kuwala.
3. Funso: Fotokozani momwe gravitropism imagwirira ntchito mu mizu ndi mphukira za zomera.
Kukambirana: Gravitropism ndi momwe zomera zimayankhira kukula kwa zomera chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Mu zomera, gravitropism imathandiza kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mizu pansi ndikukula mmwamba.
– Mu mizu (positive geotropism): Mizu imayamba kukula motsatira mphamvu yokoka pofunafuna madzi ndi mchere. Kulamulira kumeneku kumachitika kudzera mu kuyika ma statoliths, omwe ndi ma plastid olemera, odzaza ndi sitachi omwe amazindikira mphamvu yokoka. Kuyika kumeneku kumakhudza kufalikira kwa auxin, zomwe zimapangitsa maselo omwe ali pamwamba pa muzu kutalikitsa kuposa omwe ali pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muzu ukhotame pansi.
– Mu mphukira (negative geotropism): Mphukira zimakula mmwamba kutali ndi mphamvu yokoka. Apanso, auxin imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kutalikitsa kwa maselo pansi pa mphukira kuposa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa mphukira kupindika mmwamba.
4. Funso: Kodi njira yoyankhira tsamba mu chomera cha mimosa ndi iti ndipo ntchito yake yosintha zinthu ndi yotani?
Kukambirana: Chomera chosavuta kumva (Mimosa pudica) chimaonetsa kukwiya kotchedwa thigmonasty kapena seismonasty, komwe kumaphatikizapo kutseka masamba ake akakhudzidwa. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kusintha kwa turgor mu pulvinus, kapangidwe kakang'ono pansi pa tsamba. Tsamba likakhudzidwa ndi kukhudza, ma ayoni a potaziyamu (K+) amatulutsidwa m'maselo mu pulvinus, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya osmotic mkati mwa selo ndikupangitsa madzi kutuluka mu selo, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa turgor ndi kutseka kwa tsamba.
Ntchito yosintha imeneyi ingakhale kuteteza chomera ku zomera zodya udzu. Kutseka masamba mwachangu kungapangitse chomeracho kukhala chosakongola kwa zomera zodya udzu kapena kuletsa tizilombo tolusa kuti tisalowe m'masamba.
5. Funso: Kodi thigmotropism ndi chiyani ndipo imathandiza bwanji zomera kukula? Perekani chitsanzo.
Kukambirana: Thigmotropism ndi momwe chomera chimayankhira kukula kwake chikakhudzidwa ndi thupi. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'zomera zokwera, komwe ziwalo za zomera monga timitengo tating'onoting'ono kapena tsinde laling'ono zimasuntha ndikuzungulira chinthu chomwe chakhudza.
Thigmotropism imalola zomera kukwera ndikupeza chithandizo kuchokera ku zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zili m'malo awo, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wopeza kuwala kwa dzuwa. Zitsanzo zomveka bwino za thigmotropism zili m'mitengo ya nyemba kapena mipesa, komwe nthambi zake zimazungulira mitengo kapena mawaya ngati gawo la kukula kwawo.
Mwa kukambirana zitsanzo zingapo za mavuto okhudzana ndi kukwiya kwa zomera, titha kumvetsetsa zovuta za momwe zomera zimayankhira ku zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa. Chidziwitsochi sichimangowonjezera kumvetsetsa kwathu za zomera komanso chimaperekanso chilimbikitso choteteza chilengedwe, kuonetsetsa kuti zachilengedwe zofunika kwambiri pa moyo padziko lapansi zikupitilira kukhala bwino.
