Chitsanzo cha Funso Lokambirana la Chithunzi Chofalikira
Chithunzi chojambulidwa, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chithunzi chojambulidwa, ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakusanthula deta ndi ziwerengero. Chimatithandiza kumvetsetsa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zosinthika mwa kujambula mfundo za deta mu ndege ya magawo awiri. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zitsanzo ndi kukambirana za zithunzi zojambulidwa.
Kodi Chiwembu Chogawanitsa N'chiyani?
Chiwonetsero cha manambala ndi chithunzi chowonetsa ubale pakati pa magulu awiri a deta ya manambala. Mfundo iliyonse pa chiwonetsero cha manambala imayimira ma values awiri a zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikufuna kusanthula ubale pakati pa maola ophunzirira ndi zigoli za mayeso, maola ophunzirira akhoza kuyimiridwa ndi X-axis, pomwe zigoli za mayeso zitha kuyimiridwa ndi Y-axis.
Ubwino wa Zithunzi za Scatter
1. Kuzindikira Ma Patani: Ma Scatterplot angatithandize kuzindikira ma patani kapena zomwe zikuchitika mu deta. Ma patani awa akhoza kukhala olunjika, osakhala olunjika, kapena opanda ngakhale patani konse.
2. Kudziwa Kugwirizana: Pogwiritsa ntchito scatterplot, titha kudziwa ngati pali mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu ziwiri. Kugwirizanako kungakhale kwabwino, koipa, kapena zero (palibe mgwirizano).
3. Kuzindikira Zinthu Zakunja: Ma ploti ogawa zinthu kumathandizanso kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira zinthu zakunja, zomwe ndi mfundo za deta zomwe zili kutali kwambiri ndi deta yonse.
Mafunso ndi Kukambirana Zitsanzo
Chitsanzo Funso 1: Kupanga Chithunzi Chogawanitsa
Funso:
Popeza deta iyi yokhudza maola ophunzirira (X) ndi zigoli za mayeso (Y) za ophunzira asanu:
| Ophunzira | Maola Ophunzirira (X) | Zigoli za Mayeso (Y) |
|——-|———————|——————–|
| A | 2 | 70 |
| B | 3 | 75 |
| C | 1 | 65 |
| D | 4 | 80 |
| E | 5 | 85 |
Pangani chithunzi chogawa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe ili pamwambapa.
Kukambirana:
Kuti mupange chithunzi cha scatter, njira zomwe zingatengedwe ndi izi:
1. Dziwani ma axes a X ndi Y: Sankhani nthawi yowerengera ya X axis ndi zigoli za mayeso a Y axis.
2. Kulemba mfundo za deta: Kulemba gulu lililonse (X, Y) mu graph.
Nayi chithunzi cha deta:
| X-axis (Maola Ophunzirira) | Y-axis (Ziwerengero za Mayeso) |
|————————–|—————————–|
| 2 | 70 |
| 3 | 75 |
| 1 | 65 |
| 4 | 80 |
| 5 | 85 |
Chitsanzo Funso 2: Kudziwa Mtundu wa Kugwirizana
Funso:
Kutengera ndi deta yomwe yalembedwa mu Chitsanzo cha Funso 1, dziwani mtundu wa ubale pakati pa maola ophunzirira ndi zigoli za mayeso.
Kukambirana:
Kuti tidziwe mtundu wa mgwirizano, tiyenera kulabadira chitsanzo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mfundo za data pa chithunzi chobalalitsa.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti pamene maola ophunzirira akuwonjezeka, zigoli za mayeso nazonso zimawonjezeka. Izi zikusonyeza mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa maola ophunzirira ndi zigoli za mayeso. Ubalewu umaonedwa kuti ndi wabwino chifukwa zinthu zonse ziwiri zimapita mbali imodzi.
Chitsanzo 3: Kuwerengera Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Funso:
Werengerani coefficient ya Pearson correlation kuchokera ku deta yomwe ili mu Chitsanzo Chavuto 1.
Kukambirana:
Pearson correlation coefficient (r) imayesa mphamvu ndi malangizo a ubale wolunjika pakati pa zinthu ziwiri. Fomula ya r ndi iyi:
\[ r = \frac{n(\sum XY) – (\sum X)(\sum Y)}{\sqrt{[n\sum X^2 – (\sum
Kumene:
– \( n \) ndi chiwerengero cha ma data awiriawiri.
– \( \sum XY \) ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu za X ndi Y.
– \( \sum X \) ndi chiwerengero cha mitengo yonse ya X.
– \( \sum Y \) ndi chiwerengero cha Y yonse.
– \( \sum X^2 \) ndi chiwerengero cha mabwalo a mitengo yonse ya X.
– \( \sum Y^2 \) ndi chiwerengero cha masikweya a mitengo yonse ya Y.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwerengere zomwe zikufunika:
\[ \sum X = 2 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 5 = 15 \]
\[ \sum Y = 70 + 75 + 65 + 80 + 85 = 375 \]
\[ \sum
\[ \sum
\[ \sum Y^2 = 70^2 + 75^2 + 65^2 + 80^2 + 85^2 = 4900 + 5625 + 4225 + 6400 + 7225 = 28375 \]
Kenako, sinthani fomula iyi:
\[ r = \frac{5(1175) – (15)(375)}{\sqrt{[5(55) – (15)^2][5(28375) – (375)^2]}} \]
\[r = \frac{5875 – 5625}{\sqrt{[275 – 225][141875 – 140625]}} \]
\[r = \frac{250}{\sqrt{50 1250}} \]
\[r = \frac{250}{\sqrt{62500}} \]
\[r = \frac{250}{250} \]
\[r = 1 \]
Kotero, coefficient ya Pearson correlation ya deta yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi 1, zomwe zikusonyeza ubale wabwino wangwiro wa mzere.
Chitsanzo Funso 4: Kuzindikira Zopanda Ntchito
Funso:
Kuchokera mu deta yomwe ili mu Chitsanzo cha Funso 1, dziwani ngati pali zinthu zina zomwe sizili bwino mu scatterplot.
Kukambirana:
Chinthu chapadera ndi mfundo ya data yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi deta yonse. Kuchokera ku deta:
| X-axis (Maola Ophunzirira) | Y-axis (Ziwerengero za Mayeso) |
|————————–|—————————–|
| 2 | 70 |
| 3 | 75 |
| 1 | 65 |
| 4 | 80 |
| 5 | 85 |
Mfundo zonse za deta zikuoneka kuti zikugwirizana, ndipo palibe chomwe chili chosiyana kwambiri ndi zina. Chifukwa chake, tinganene kuti deta iyi ilibe zinthu zina zapadera.
Mapeto
Chiwonetsero cha deta ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri pakusanthula deta podziwa ubale pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zosinthika. Kudzera mu zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambapa, titha kumvetsetsa momwe tingapangire chiwonetsero cha deta, kudziwa mtundu wa mgwirizano, kuwerengera coefficient ya Pearson correlation, ndikupeza zinthu zina zosafanana. Kumvetsetsa mfundo izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusanthula deta ndikupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino kutengera kusanthula kumeneko.
Motero, ma scatter plots samangothandiza kumvetsetsa deta mozama komanso amatsegula njira yowunikira ziwerengero zina.
