Chitsanzo cha injini ya Carnot - injini yoyenera yotenthetsera (kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics)

Zitsanzo 16 za injini za Carnot - injini zabwino zotenthetsera (kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics)

1. Yang'anani chithunzi cha P-V cha injini ya Carnot pambali! Ngati kutentha kwalowa (Q)₁) = 10.000 joules kenako kuchuluka kwake usa zomwe makinawo amachita carnot ndi…

A. 1.500 J

B. 4.000 J

C. 5.000 J

D. 6.000 J

E. 8.000 J

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Kutentha kochepa (T)₂) = 400 K

Kutentha kwambiri (T)₁) = 800 K

Kutentha kumayamwa (Q)₁) = 10.000 Joule

Anafunsa Ntchito yopangidwa ndi injini ya Carnot (W)

Yankhani :

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini yotenthetsera (injini ya Carnot):

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot:

W = e Q₁

W = (1/2)(10.000) = 5000 Joule

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

2. Yang'anani chithunzi chomwe chili pambali! Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe injini imachita mu nthawi imodzi ndi…

A. 300 J

B. 400 J

C. 500 J

D. 600 J

E. 700 J

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 400 K

Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 600 K

Kutentha kumayamwa (Q)₁) = 600 Joule

Anafunsa Ntchito yopangidwa ndi injini ya Carnot (W)

Yankho:

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini yotenthetsera (injini ya Carnot):

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot:

W = e Q₁

W = (1/3)(600) = 200 Joule

Yankho lolondola ndi E.

3. Onani chithunzi cha Carnot cycle ABCDA pansipa! Kutengera ndi deta yomwe ili mu graph, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini ya Carnot ndi…

A. 10%

B. 20%

C. 25%

D. 30%

E. 35%

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 350 K

Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 500 K

Anafunsa Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa injini ya carnot (e)

Yankhani :

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa injini ya Carnot:

e = (T_H - T_L/T_H

e = (500 – 350) / 500

e = 150 / 500

ndi =0,3

e = 30/100 = 30%

Yankho lolondola ndi D.

4. Mu graph yotsatirayi ya PV ya injini ya Carnot, malo osungiramo kutentha kwambiri ndi 600 K ndipo kutentha kochepa ndi 400 K. Ngati ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ndi W, ndiye kuti kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa pa kutentha kochepa ndi...

A. W

B. 2 W

C. 3 W

D. 4 W

E. 6 W

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 400 K

Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 600 K

Anafunsa : Kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa pa kutentha kochepa (Q₂)

Yankhani :

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino injini ya Carnot :

e = (T_H - T_L/T_H

e = (600 – 400) / 600

e = 200 / 600

e = 1/3

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot :

W = e Q₁

Kufotokozera: W = ntchito yochitidwa ndi makina, e = kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina, Q₁ = kutentha komwe kumatengedwa ndi makina.

W = (1/3)(Q)₁)

3W = Q₁

Kutentha kumasulidwa pa kutentha kochepa :

Q₂ =Q₁ - W

Q₂ = 3W – W

Q₂ = 2W

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

5. Chithunzi cha PV cha kayendedwe ka Carnot chikuwoneka ngati chithunzi chotsatirachi. Ngati ma Joules 3.000 a kutentha atulutsidwa pamalo ozungulira, ndiye kuti kutentha komwe kumayamwa ndi dongosololi ndi…

A. 3.000 J

B. 4.000 J

C. 4.800 J

D. 6.000 J

E. 8.000 J

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 500 K

Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 800 K

Kutentha kwatulutsidwa (Q)₂) = 3000 Joule

Anafunsa Kutentha komwe kumatengedwa ndi dongosolo (Q₁)

Yankhani :

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino injini ya Carnot :

e = (T_H - T_L/T_H

e = (800 – 500) /8600

e = 300 / 800

e = 3/8

Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot :

W = e Q₁

W = (3/8)(Q)₁)

8W/3 = Q₁

Q₂ =Q₁ - W

Q₂ = 8W/3 – 3W/3

Q₂ = 5W/3

3Q₂ = 5W

W = 3Q₂/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800

Kutentha komwe kumatengedwa ndi dongosolo :

Q₁ = W + Q₂ = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joule

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

6. Injini ya Carnot imalandira kutentha kuchokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri pa 800 K ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya 50%. Kuti igwire bwino ntchito 80% pamene ikusunga malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri, malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri ayenera kusinthidwa kukhala….

A. 1.600 K

B. 2.000 K

C. 2.400 K

D. 4.000 K

E. 6.400 K

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Ngati kutentha kuli kokwera (T_H) = 800 K , mphamvu (e) = 50% = 0,5

Anafunsa kuti: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotani (T)_H) kotero kuti kugwira ntchito bwino (e) = 80% = 0,8

Yankho:

Kutentha kochepa = 400 Kelvin

Kodi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotani (T)_H) kotero kuti kugwira ntchito bwino (e) = 80%?

Kutentha kwambiri = 2.000 Kelvin

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

7. Injini ya Carnot yomwe imagwira ntchito pa malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri pa 600 K ili ndi mphamvu ya 40%. Kuti igwire bwino ntchito ndi 75% pogwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri, malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kufika pa….

A. 480 K

B. 840 K

C. 900 K

D. 1028 K

E. 1440 K

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Ngati kutentha kuli kokwera (T_H) = 600 K , mphamvu (e) = 40% = 0,4

Anafunsa kuti: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotani (T)_H) kotero kuti kugwira ntchito bwino (e) = 75% = 0,75

Yankho:

Kutentha kochepa = 360 Kelvin

Kodi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotani (T)_H) kotero kuti kugwira ntchito bwino (e) = 75%?

Kutentha kwambiri = 1440 Kelvin

Yankho lolondola ndi E.

8. Injini ya Carnot imalandira kutentha kuchokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri pa 800 K ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya 50%. Kuti igwire bwino ntchito 80% pamene ikusunga kutentha kochepa kwa malo osungiramo zinthu, malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri ayenera kusinthidwa kukhala….

A. 1.600 K
B. 2.000 K
C. 2.400 K
D. 4.000 K
E. 6.400 K

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Ngati kutentha kwakukulu (TH) = 800 K, mphamvu (e) = 50% = 0,5
Funso: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri (TH) ndi kotani kotero kuti mphamvu (e) = 80% = 0,8
Yankho:
Kutentha kochepa = 400 Kelvin

Kodi kutentha kwakukulu (TH) ndi kotani kotero kuti mphamvu (e) = 80%?
Kutentha kwambiri = 2.000 Kelvin
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

9. Injini ya Carnot yomwe imagwira ntchito pa thanki yotenthetsera kwambiri pa 600 K ili ndi mphamvu ya 40%. Kuti igwire bwino ntchito ndi 75% pamene thanki yotenthetsera yochepa ikukhalabe yokhazikika, thanki yotenthetsera kwambiri iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kufika pa….

A. 480 K
B. 840 K
C. 900 K
D. 1028 K
E. 1440 K

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Ngati kutentha kwakukulu (TH) = 600 K, mphamvu (e) = 40% = 0,4
Funso: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri (TH) ndi kotani kotero kuti mphamvu (e) = 75% = 0,75
Yankho:
Kutentha kochepa = 360 Kelvin

Kodi kutentha kwakukulu (TH) ndi kotani kotero kuti mphamvu (e) = 75%?
Kutentha kwambiri = 1440 Kelvin
Yankho lolondola ndi E.

10. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini ya Carnot yomwe imatenga kutentha pa kutentha kwa 1200 Kelvin ndikukana kutentha pa kutentha kwa 300 Kelvin ndi…

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 1200 K
Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 300 K
Anafunsa Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa injini ya carnot (e)
Yankhani :
11. Injini ya Carnot imagwira ntchito pakati pa madigiri 727^oC ndi 127^oC. Injini imayamwa kutentha kwa ma Joules 6000 kuchokera ku malo osungiramo kutentha kwambiri. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini ndi ntchito yomwe injini imagwira munthawi imodzi ndi…

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H= = 727^oC + 273 = 1000 K
Kutentha kochepa (T)_L= = 127^oC + 273 = 400 K
Kutentha kumayamwa (Q)_H) = 6000 Joule
Anafunsa : Kuchita bwino (e) ndi ntchito (W) yochitidwa ndi injini munthawi imodzi
Yankhani :
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino injini ya Carnot :
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot :
W = e Q_H
W = (0,6)(6000)
W = 3600 Joule

12. Injini ya Carnot imagwira ntchito pakati pa malo osungira kutentha kwambiri a 527^oC ndi malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri 127^oC. Injini ya Carnot imatenga kutentha kokwana ma Joules 10.000 kuchokera mu chosungiramo chotentha. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe injini imakana mu kuzungulira kulikonse ndi…
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H= = 527^oC + 273 = 800 K
Kutentha kochepa (T)_L= = 127^oC + 273 = 400 K
Kutentha kumayamwa (Q)_H) = 10.000 Joule
Anafunsa : Kutentha komwe injini imakana pa njinga iliyonse
Yankhani :
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini yotenthetsera (injini ya Carnot):
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot:
W = e Q₁
W = (0,5)(10.000)
W = 5000 Joule
Kutentha komwe kumatulutsa injini pa kuzungulira (Q)_L) = kutentha komwe kumayamwa (Q_H) – ntchito yochitidwa (W)
Q_L =Q_H - W
Q_L = 10.000-5000
Q_L = 5000 Joule
Kutentha komwe kumachotsedwa ndi injini pa kuzungulira = 5000 Joules

13. Dziwani momwe injini ya Carnot imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito munthawi imodzi kutengera graph yomwe ili pansipa...
Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 800 K
Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 300 K
Kutentha kumayamwa (Q)_H) = 1000 Joule
Anafunsa : Kuchita bwino (e) ndi ntchito (W) yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot
Yankhani :
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino injini ya Carnot :
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot :
W = e Q_H
W = (0,625)(1000)
W = 625 Joule

14. Onani chithunzi cha Carnot cycle ABCDA pansipa!
Kutengera ndi deta yomwe ili mu graph, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini ya Carnot ndi…

A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
E. 35%

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Suhu otsika (T)_L) = 350 K
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 500 K
Anafunsa Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa injini ya carnot (e)
Yankhani :

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa injini ya Carnot:
e = (T_H - T_L/T_H
e = (500 – 350) / 500
e = 150 / 500
ndi =0,3
e = 30/100 = 30%
Yankho lolondola ndi D.

15. Mu graph yotsatirayi ya PV ya injini ya Carnot, malo osungiramo kutentha kwambiri ndi 600 K ndipo kutentha kochepa ndi 400 K. Ngati usa Injini ikachita izi ndi W, ndiye kuti kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa pa kutentha kochepa kumakhala...

A. W
B. 2 W
C. 3 W
D. 4 W
E. 6 W

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 400 K
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 600 K
Anafunsa : Kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa pa kutentha kochepa (Q₂)
Yankhani :
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino injini ya Carnot :
e = (T_H - T_L/T_H
e = (600 – 400) / 600
e = 200 / 600
e = 1/3
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot :
W = e Q₁
Kufotokozera: W = ntchito yochitidwa ndi makina, e = kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina, Q₁ = kutentha komwe kumatengedwa ndi makina.
W = (1/3)(Q)₁)
3W = Q₁
KAlor imatulutsidwa kutentha kochepa :
Q₂ =Q₁ - W
Q₂ = 3W– W
Q₂ = 2W
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

16. Chithunzi cha PV cha kayendedwe ka Carnot chikuwoneka ngati chithunzi chotsatirachi. Ngati kutentha yomwe imatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe ma Joules 3.000, kenako kutentha komwe kumatengedwa ndi dongosololi…
A. 3.000 J
B. 4.000 J
C. 4.800 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kutentha kochepa (T)_L) = 500 K
Kutentha kwambiri (T)_H) = 800 K
Kutentha kwatulutsidwa (Q)₂) = 3000 Joule
Anafunsa Kutentha komwe kumatengedwa ndi dongosolo (Q₁)
Yankhani :
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino injini ya Carnot :
e = (T_H - T_L/T_H
e = (800 – 500) /8600
e = 300 / 800
e = 3/8
Ntchito yochitidwa ndi injini ya Carnot :
W = e Q₁
W = (3/8)(Q)₁)
8W/3 = Q₁
 
Q₂ =Q₁ - W
Q₂ = 8W/3 – 3W/3
Q₂ = 5W/3
3Q₂ = 5W
W = 3Q₂/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800
KAlor yotengedwa ndi dongosolo :
Q₁ = W + Q₂ = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joule
Yankho lolondola ndi C.

Gwero la Mafunso:

Mafunso a National Examination Physics a Senior High School/Vocational High School