Zitsanzo 14 za Mavuto Opanga Maginito
1. 
Kupanga maginito poyikanda ndi...
Zokambirana
Kupaka maginito pogwiritsa ntchito kupukuta kumachitika popaka maginito pa chinthu chomwe chikufunika kupukutidwa ndi maginito, pomwe kupukuta kumachitika mbali imodzi. Mizati yopangidwa pa chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maginito imadalira ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta. Ngati ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi ndodo yakumpoto, ndiye kuti mapeto a chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa amakhala ndodo yakum'mwera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi ndodo yakum'mwera, ndiye kuti mapeto a chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa amakhala ndodo yakumpoto.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
2. Mphamvu ya maginito mu solenoid yomwe imaperekedwa ndi magetsi ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu ya maginito mu...
A. maginito a nsapato ya akavalo
B. maginito a bala
C. maginito ozungulira
D. maginito a singano
Zokambirana
Chithunzi chomwe chili pambali ndi chitsanzo cha solenoid yomwe ikuyenda. magetsiSolenoid ndi waya wozungulira nthawi zambiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu solenoid, imapanga mphamvu ya maginito, komwe maginito amatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja.
Mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi solenoid ili ndi nsonga ya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, monga momwe mphamvu ya maginito ya maginito achilengedwe imakhalira. Ngati chinthu chazunguliridwa ndi solenoid kuti chikhale maginito, mphamvu ya maginito ya chinthucho idzakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi solenoid. Ngati chinthucho chili chozungulira, chimakhala maginito ozungulira. Ngati chinthucho chili ngati ndodo, chimakhala maginito ozungulira. Kupanga maginito mwanjira imeneyi kumatchedwa magnetization podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mmenemo.
Kotero mphamvu ya maginito mu solenoid yomwe imapatsidwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu ya maginito mu maginito a bar kapena maginito a cylindrical.
Mayankho olondola ndi B ndi C.
3. 
Kutengera ndi chithunzi chotsatirachi, zitha kudziwika kuti ...
A. A North Pole, B North Pole
B. A South Pole, B North Pole
C. A Mzere wa Kumwera, B Mzere wa Kumwera
D. A North Pole, B North Pole
Zokambirana
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa. Yang'anirani chizindikiro cha batri/emf; mphamvu yayikulu imayimiridwa ndi mzere wautali, pomwe mphamvu yochepa imayimiridwa ndi mzere waufupi.
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja kuti mudziwe komwe magetsi akupita komanso komwe magetsi akupita. Tambasulani dzanja lanu lamanja, tsegulani chikhatho chanu, kenako wongolerani chala chanu chachikulu ndikupinda zala zina zinayi. Kulunjika kwa zala zinayi zopindika ndikofanana ndi komwe magetsi akupita, ndipo kulunjika kwa chala chachikulu ndikofanana ndi kumpoto kwa mphamvu ya maginito. Chifukwa chake, ndodo yakumpoto = B ndi ndodo yakum'mwera = A.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
4. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha koyilo!
Momwe mungapangire maginito awa ndi ndodo yolembedwa X ndi...
A. maginito oyambitsa, mtengo wa U
B. maginito amagetsi, mtengo wa U
C. maginito oyambitsa, mtengo wa S
D. maginito amagetsi, mtengo wa S
Zokambirana
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa momwe maginito amapangira podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mmenemo. Kulunjika kwa muvi kumasonyeza komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imalowera. Mizati ya maginito imadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja.
Tambasulani dzanja lanu lamanja ndikuliyika kuti chikhatho chiyang'ane kumwamba, wongolerani chala chanu chachikulu ndikupinda zala zina zinayi. Kulunjika kwa zala zinayi zopindika = njira ya magetsi ndi njira ya chala chachikulu = njira ya kumpoto kwa mphamvu ya maginito = pole X.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
5. Chitsulo chachitsulo chingapangidwe ndi maginito m'njira zotsatirazi, kupatulapo...
A. Bweretsani chitsulo pafupi ndi maginito
B. chitsulo chopukutira ndi maginito
C. Kutenthetsa chitsulo cholumikizidwa ku maginito
D. kuyendetsa magetsi kudzera mu chitsulo
Zokambirana
Pali njira zitatu zopangira maginito a chitsulo: kuchigwirizira pafupi ndi maginito (induction), kuchipukuta ndi maginito, ndikudutsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Njira zitatuzi zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu zokambirana za funso lomaliza.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
6. Fotokozani njira zitatu zopangira maginito!
Zokambirana
1. Kupukuta chitsulo ndi maginito
Kupaka maginito pogwiritsa ntchito kupukuta kumachitika popaka maginito pa chinthu chomwe chikufunika kupukutidwa ndi maginito, pomwe kupukuta kumachitika mbali imodzi. Mizati yopangidwa pa chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maginito imadalira ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta. Ngati ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi ndodo yakumpoto, ndiye kuti mapeto a chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa amakhala ndodo yakum'mwera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi ndodo yakum'mwera, ndiye kuti mapeto a chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa amakhala ndodo yakumpoto.
2. Kubweretsa chitsulo pafupi ndi maginito (njira yopangira zinthu)
Kulowetsa maginito m'malo mwa maginito kumaphatikizapo kubweretsa chinthucho kuti chikhale ndi maginito pafupi ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi maginito kale, popanda kukhudza zinthu ziwirizo. Ngati mbali imodzi ya chinthucho yayandikira ku nsonga yakumpoto ya maginito, imakhala nsonga yakum'mwera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mbali ya chinthucho yayandikira ku nsonga yakum'mwera, imakhala nsonga yakumpoto.
3. Mphamvu yamagetsi yoyenda kudzera mu chitsulo
Njira yopangira maginito podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chili pansipa. Mizati ya maginito yomwe imachokera imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Ikani dzanja lanu lamanja lolunjika patsogolo pa nkhope yanu, ndi dzanja lanu kuyang'ana nkhope yanu. Pindani zala zanu zinayi (mzere, pakati, mphete, ndi zala zazing'ono). Kulunjika kwa zala zanu zinayi kuli kofanana ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imalowera mu waya, ndipo kulunjika kwa chala chanu chachikulu kudzanja lamanja kuli kofanana ndi komwe mphamvu ya maginito imalowera. Mphamvu ya maginito nthawi zonse imaloza kuchokera kumpoto kupita kum'mwera. Chifukwa chake, pachithunzi C, kumapeto kwa B ndi nsonga yakumpoto ya maginito, ndipo kumapeto kwa A ndi nsonga yakum'mwera ya maginito.
7. Chitsulo chachitsulo chidzapangidwa kukhala maginito monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa.
Mizati ya maginito yomwe imapezeka mu ndodo yachitsulo ndi….
A. A = North Pole, B = North Pole
B. A = Mzere wa Kumwera, B = Mzere wa Kumwera
C. A = North Pole, B = South Pole
D. A = Mzere wa Kumwera, B = Mzere wa Kumpoto
Zokambirana
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa momwe mungapangire maginito powapukuta.
Kupaka maginito pogwiritsa ntchito kupukuta kumaphatikizapo kukanda maginito pa chinthu chomwe chikufunika kupakidwa maginito, ndipo kupukutako kumachitika mbali imodzi. Mizati yopangidwa pa chinthu chomwe chili ndi maginito imadalira mizati ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka.
Ngati ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi ndodo yakumpoto, ndiye kuti mbali yomaliza ya chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa imakhala ndodo yakum'mwera. Kumbali ina, ngati ndodo ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta ndi ndodo yakum'mwera, ndiye kuti mbali yomaliza ya chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa imakhala ndodo yakumpoto.
Pa chithunzi pamwambapa, mtengo wakumwera umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka kuti B = mtengo wakumpoto ndi A = mtengo wakumwera.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
8. Yang'anani chithunzicho!
AB imakhala maginito ndi deta yotsatirayi…..
Zokambirana
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa momwe chitsulo chimapangidwira kukhala maginito podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mmenemo. Chitsulo ndi chinthu cholimba cha maginito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maginito, chimakhala maginito okhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo ndi chitsanzo cha chinthu chofewa cha maginito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maginito, chimakhala maginito osakhalitsa.
Kutengera chithunzi pamwambapa, mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa (kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja). Ndodo zamaginito zimadziwika kuti zimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Tambasulani dzanja lanu lamanja, mukaliyike kuti dzanja lamanja liyang'ane nkhope yanu. Tambasulani chala chanu chachikulu ndikupindika zala zina zinayi kutsogolo kumaso kwanu. Kulunjika kwa kupindika kwa zala zinayi ndikofanana ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imayendera mu coil, pomwe chala chachikulu chikuyang'ana kumpoto kwa mphamvu yamaginito. Chala chachikulu chikuyang'ana B, kotero B ndiye ndodo yakumpoto ya maginito ndipo A ndiye ndodo yakum'mwera ya maginito.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
9. Yang'anani maginito amagetsi ndi maginito a O-P monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera.
Ngati N ndi O zikutsutsana, M – N – O – P motsatana ndi maginito…
A. MATUMBO
B. SUUS
C. USSU
D. MKAKA
Zokambirana
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanzere chikuwonetsa momwe maginito amapangira podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mmenemo. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa (kuchokera kumanzere kwa coil kupita kumanja kwa coil). Kulunjika kwa mphamvu ya maginito yomwe yatuluka ndi komwe maginito amachokera kungadziwike pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja.
Tambasulani dzanja lanu lamanja, mukaliike pamalo pomwe dzanja lanu lamanja likuyang'ana nkhope yanu. Konzani chala chanu chachikulu ndikupindika zala zina zinayi kutsogolo kumaso kwanu. Kulunjika kwa kupindika kwa zala zinayi ndikofanana ndi komwe magetsi akuyenda mu coil, pomwe chala chachikulu chikuyang'ana kumpoto kwa mphamvu yamaginito. Chala chachikulu chikuyang'ana N kotero kuti N ndiye ponti yakumpoto ya maginito ndipo M ndiye ponti yakum'mwera ya maginito. N ndi O zimatsutsana chifukwa chake N ndi O ali ndi ponti yomweyo, yomwe ndi ponti yakumpoto. Ngati O ndiye ponti yakumpoto ndiye kuti P ndiye ponti yakum'mwera.
Kutengera ndi kufotokozera pamwambapa, tinganene kuti:
M = phiri la kum'mwera (S)
N = nsonga ya kumpoto (U)
O = nsonga ya kumpoto (N)
P = mzati wakum'mwera (S)
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
10. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatirachi! Njira yopangira maginito a PQ kupatula kupanga maginito ndi mitengo ndi...
A. Pakadali pano, P ndiye pole yakumwera ndipo Q ndiye pole yakumpoto.
B. Pakadali pano, P ndiye nsonga ya kumpoto ndipo Q ndiye nsonga ya kum'mwera.
C. Yokhazikika, P ndi nsonga ya kumpoto ndipo Q ndi nsonga ya kumwera
D. Yokhazikika, P ndi nsonga ya kum'mwera ndipo Q ndi nsonga ya kumpoto
Zokambirana
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa momwe maginito amapangira podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Chitsulo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi maginito ndi chitsulo. Chitsulo ndi chinthu cholimba cha maginito; chikapangidwa ndi maginito, chimakhala maginito okhazikika.
Kutengera chithunzi pamwambapa, mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa (kuchokera kumanzere kwa coil kupita kumanja kwa coil).
Mizati ya maginito imadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Tambasulani dzanja lanu lamanja kuti chikhato chanu chiyang'ane nkhope yanu. Tambasulani chala chanu chachikulu ndikupindika zala zina zinayi kutsogolo kumaso kwanu. Kulunjika kwa mapini a zala zinayi kukugwirizana ndi komwe magetsi akuyenda mu coil, pomwe chala chachikulu chikuyang'ana kumpoto kwa mphamvu ya maginito. Chala chachikulu chikuyang'ana Q, kotero Q ikuyimira kumpoto kwa maginito ndipo P ikuyimira kumwera kwa maginito.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
11.
Ngati mabuloko AB, CD ndi EF apangidwa ndi chitsulo, chimachitika ndi chiyani...
A. E ndi chigawo chakumwera ndipo C ndi chigawo chakumpoto
B. B ndi nsonga ya kumpoto ndipo C ndi nsonga ya kum'mwera
C. D pole yakumwera ndi F pole yakumwera
D. A ndi nsonga ya kumpoto ndipo E ndi nsonga ya kumpoto
Zokambirana
Taganizirani chithunzi cha PQ yachitsulo yolumikizidwa ndi waya wonyamula mafunde. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa njira yopangira maginito podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu chinthucho. Mizati ya maginito yomwe imachokera imatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Ikani dzanja lanu lamanja lolunjika patsogolo pa nkhope yanu, ndi dzanja lanu kuyang'ana nkhope yanu . Pindani zala zanu zinayi (mzere, pakati, mphete, ndi zala zazing'ono). Kulunjika kwa zala zanu zinayi ndikofanana ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imalowera mu waya, ndipo kulunjika kwa chala chanu chachikulu kudzanja lamanja ndikofanana ndi komwe mphamvu ya maginito imalowera. Mphamvu ya maginito nthawi zonse imatuluka kuchokera kumpoto ndikulowa kum'mwera. Chifukwa chake, Q ndiye mtengo wakumpoto ndipo P ndiye mtengo wakumwera.
Ngati PQ yachitsulo yasinthidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo EF, AB, CD ndiye kuti malo P amasinthidwa ndi E, A, C ndipo malo Q amasinthidwa ndi F, B, D.
Q ndi nsonga ya kumpoto kotero F, B, D ndi nsonga za kumpoto.
P ndi mizati yakum'mwera kotero E, A, C ndi mizati yakum'mwera.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
12. Samalani momwe mungapangire maginito monga momwe chithunzi chilili!
Malekezero a chitsulo F, G, ndi I amakhala ma poles a maginito motsatana….
A. U, U, ndi S
B. S, S, ndi U
C. U, S, ndi S
D. S, U, ndi U
Zokambirana
Mzati wa maginito womwe umachokera umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja. Ikani dzanja lanu lamanja loyima patsogolo pa nkhope yanu; kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu lamanja kuli pamalo oyima. kuyang'ana Nkhope yanu. Pindani zala zanu zinayi (mzere, pakati, mphete, ndi zala zazing'ono). Kulunjika kwa zala zanu zinayi kuli kofanana ndi komwe magetsi amagetsi akupita mu waya, ndipo komwe chala chanu chachikulu kumanzere kuli kofanana ndi komwe mphamvu ya maginito ikupita. Mphamvu ya maginito nthawi zonse imatuluka kuchokera kumtunda wakumpoto ndikulowa kumtunda wakum'mwera. Chifukwa chake kumapeto kwa chitsulo ndi kumpoto ndipo kumapeto kwa kumanja ndi kum'mwera.
Ngati chitsulocho chalowedwa m'malo ndi ndodo zachitsulo EF, GH ndi IJ ndiye kuti malo a kumapeto kwa chitsulocho amalowedwa m'malo ndi E, G, I ndipo malo a kumapeto kwa chitsulocho amalowedwa m'malo ndi F, H, J.
Kumanzere kwa chitsulo ndi ndodo yakumpoto kotero E, G, I ndi ndodo zakumpoto.
Mapeto a chitsulo ndi mzati wakumwera kotero F, H, J ndi mzati wakumwera.
F ndi pole yakumwera, G ndi pole yakumpoto ndipo Ine ndi pole yakumpoto.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
13. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha kupanga!
Mizati yolondola ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa popanga maginito ndi...
A. A ndi nsonga ya kum'mwera, C ndi nsonga ya kumpoto, ndipo E ndi nsonga ya kumpoto
B. B ndi nsonga ya kumpoto, D ndi nsonga ya kumpoto, ndipo E ndi nsonga ya kumpoto
C. B pole yakumpoto, D pole yakumpoto, ndi F pole yakumpoto
D. C ndiye nsonga ya kumpoto, B ndiye nsonga ya kum'mwera, ndipo D ndiye nsonga ya kum'mwera
Zokambirana
Ikani lamulo la dzanja lamanja pa mzere wachitsulo wa PQ. Q ndiye ndodo yakumpoto ndipo P ndiye ndodo yakum'mwera. Ngati chitsulocho chasinthidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo za EF, AB, ndi CD, ndiye kuti malo a P amasinthidwa ndi E, A, C, ndipo malo a Q amasinthidwa ndi F, B, D.
P ndi mizati yakum'mwera kotero E, A, C ndi mizati yakum'mwera.
Q ndi nsonga ya kumpoto kotero F, B, D ndi nsonga za kumpoto.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
14. Yang'anani chithunzicho!
Chitsulo chachitsulo cha AB chimakhala maginito chikakhudzidwa ndi maginito achitsulo cha PQ. Njira yolondola yopangira maginito achitsulo cha PQ ndi…
Zokambirana
Ndodo yachitsulo AB, A = mtengo wakumpoto ndi B = mtengo wakum'mwera.
Maginito achitsulo PQ, Q = mtengo wakumwera ndi P = mtengo wakumpoto
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa njira yopangira maginito podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mmenemo. Mizati ya maginito yomwe imachokera imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dzanja lamanja . Pindani zala zanu zinayi (chala cholozera, chala chapakati, chala cha mphete, ndi chala chaching'ono). Kulunjika kwa zala zanu zinayi ndikofanana ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imalowera mu waya ndipo kulunjika kwa chala chanu chachikulu ndikofanana ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imalowera. Mphamvu ya maginito nthawi zonse imatuluka kuchokera ku pole yakumpoto ndikulowa ku pole yakumwera. Mzati wakumpoto uli pa P ndipo pole yakumwera uli pa Q. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yapamwamba kupita ku yochepa.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
Gwero la funso:
Mafunso a Mayeso a Sayansi ya Sukulu ya Sekondale/Chisilamu cha Sukulu ya Sekondale
