Chitsanzo cha Malamulo a Kirchhoff Funso 1
Malamulo a Kirchhoff ndi amodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu pakusanthula magetsi. Pali malamulo awiri a Kirchhoff: lamulo la Kirchhoff la panopa (KCL) ndi lamulo la Kirchhoff la voltage (KVL). Nkhaniyi ikambirana za lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, kapena lamulo la Kirchhoff la panopa (KCL), ndi zitsanzo zingapo za mavuto ndi mayankho othandiza ophunzira a giredi 11 ndi 12 kumvetsetsa.
Kumvetsetsa Lamulo la Kirchhoff 1
Lamulo la Kirchhoff lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa (KCL) limanena kuti kuchuluka kwa mafunde omwe amalowa mu node mu circuit yamagetsi ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde omwe amatuluka mu nodeyo. Mwa masamu, lamuloli likhoza kufotokozedwa motere:
\[ \sum I_{in} = \sum I_{out} \]
Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe kusonkhana kwa magetsi pa node; magetsi onse omwe akubwera ayenera kutuluka.
Mfundo Zoyambira za Lamulo la Kirchhoff 1
1. Node: Mfundo mu dera lomwe zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo za dera zimakumana.
2. Mafunde Olowera ndi Otuluka: Mafunde oyenda kupita ku node amaonedwa ngati mafunde olowera (abwino), pomwe mafunde otuluka kuchokera ku node amaonedwa ngati mafunde otuluka (abwino).
Chitsanzo cha Malamulo a Kirchhoff Funso 1
Nazi zitsanzo za mafunso omwe akusonyeza momwe lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff limagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Chitsanzo Vuto 1: Mfundo Yosavuta
Vuto: Pa node mu circuit, pali ma current atatu obwera ndi current imodzi yotuluka. Ma current obwera ndi \(I_1 = 2 \, \text{A}\), \(I_2 = 3 \, \text{A}\), ndi \(I_3 = 1 \, \text{A}\). Werengani current yotuluka mu node (\(I_{out}\)).
Yankho:
Malinga ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, kuchuluka kwa mafunde obwera ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde otuluka. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi:
\[ I_1 + I_2 + I_3 = I_{kunja} \]
Lowetsani mfundo zomwe zilipo panopa:
\[ 2 + 3 + 1 = Ine_{kunja} \]
\[ 6 \, \malemba{A} = Ine_{kunja} \]
Kotero, mphamvu yotuluka mu node ndi \(6 \, \text{A}\).
Chitsanzo 2: Node yokhala ndi mafunde olowera ndi otuluka
Vuto: Pa node mu dera, pali ma currents awiri omwe akubwera, \(I_1 = 5 \, \text{A}\) ndi \(I_2 = 4 \, \text{A}\), ndi ma currents awiri otuluka, \(I_3\) ndi \(I_4 = 6 \, \text{A}\). Werengani ma current \(I_3\).
Yankho:
Malinga ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, kuchuluka kwa mafunde obwera ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde otuluka. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi:
\[ I_1 + I_2 = I_3 + I_4 \]
Lowetsani mfundo zodziwika bwino zapano:
\[ 5 + 4 = I_3 + 6 \]
\[ 9 = I_3 + 6 \]
Kuti mupeze \(I_3\):
\[I_3 = 9 – 6 \]
\[ I_3 = 3 \, \malemba{A} \]
Kotero, \(I_3\) yomwe ilipo ndi \(3 \, \text{A}\).
Chitsanzo Cha Vuto Lachitatu: Dera Lokhala ndi Ma Node Angapo
Funso: Mu dera lamagetsi, pali ma node atatu A, B, ndi C. Mphamvu yamagetsi \(I_1 = 2 \, \text{A}\) imayenda kuchokera ku A kupita ku B, mphamvu yamagetsi \(I_2 = 3 \, \text{A}\) imayenda kuchokera ku B kupita ku C, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi \(I_3 = 1 \, \text{A}\) imayenda kuchokera ku C kupita ku A. Werengani mphamvu yonse yolowera ndi yotuluka mu node B.
Yankho:
Pa node B, tifunika kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mafunde olowera ndi kutuluka. Kuchokera pa vutoli, zimadziwika kuti magetsi \(I_1\) amalowa mu node B ndipo magetsi \(I_2\) amachoka mu node B.
Kuchuluka kwa node yolowera yamagetsi B:
\[ Ine_{mu} = Ine_1 \]
\[ I_{in} = 2 \, \malemba{A} \]
Chiwerengero cha mafunde omwe achoka pa node B:
\[ Ine_{kunja} = Ine_2 \]
\[ I_{out} = 3 \, \text{A} \]
Malinga ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, kuchuluka kwa mafunde obwera kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde otuluka. Komabe, mu vutoli, tiyeneranso kuganizira za mafunde otuluka kuchokera ku node C kupita ku node B, omwe sanaperekedwebe mu vutoli.
Ngati tiganizira za mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku C kupita ku B ngati \(I_4\), ndiye kuti tikhoza kulemba equation:
\[ I_1 + I_4 = I_2 \]
Chifukwa \(I_1 = 2 \, \text{A}\) ndi \(I_2 = 3 \, \text{A}\):
\[ 2 + I_4 = 3 \]
\[ I_4 = 1 \, \malemba{A} \]
Kotero, node yolowera yamagetsi B kuchokera ku node C ndi \(1 \, \text{A}\), kotero kuti mphamvu yonse yolowera ndi yotuluka node B ikhalabe motsatira Lamulo la Kirchhoff 1.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff mu Mabwalo Ovuta
Mu ma circuits ovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi ma node angapo ndi nthambi zambiri za current. Tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo chovuta kwambiri kuti timvetse bwino momwe Kirchhoff's First Law imagwirira ntchito.
Chitsanzo Vuto 4: Dera Lovuta Lokhala ndi Ma Vertice Angapo
Vuto: Mu dera lotsatirali, pali ma node anayi (A, B, C, D) okhala ndi ma currents \(I_1 = 4 \, \text{A}\) kuchokera ku A mpaka B, \(I_2 = 5 \, \text{A}\) kuchokera ku B mpaka C, \(I_3 = 3 \, \text{A}\) kuchokera ku C mpaka D, ndi \(I_4 = 2 \, \text{A}\) kuchokera ku D mpaka A. Werengani ma current omwe akuchokera mu node A.
Yankho:
Tiyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mafunde omwe amalowa ndi kutuluka mu node iliyonse. Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone node A.
Pa node A, mphamvu yamagetsi \(I_4\) imalowa ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi \(I_1\) imachoka.
\[ \sum I_{in} = I_4 \]
\[ \sum I_{out} = I_1 \]
Lowetsani mtengo wodziwika wamakono:
\[ I_4 = 2 \, \malemba{A} \]
\[ I_1 = 4 \, \malemba{A} \]
Popeza \(I_1\) ndi yayikulu kuposa \(I_4\), izi zikutanthauza kuti pali node yowonjezera yosiya mphamvu A yomwe iyenera kuchokera ku node ina yomwe sinatchulidwe. Tiyeni tiwone mphamvu ina pa node A:
Mphamvu yowonjezera ndi \(I_5\):
\[I_5 = I_1 – I_4 \]
\[I_5 = 4 – 2 \]
\[ I_5 = 2 \, \malemba{A} \]
Kotero, pali mphamvu yowonjezera ya \(2 \, \text{A}\) yomwe imachokera ku node A.
Mapeto
Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakusanthula ma circuit amagetsi. Mwa kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli, titha kudziwa momwe magetsi akuyenda kudzera m'ma node osiyanasiyana mu circuit yovuta. Kudzera mu zitsanzo zingapo zamavuto omwe aperekedwa, titha kuwona momwe Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff limatithandizira kumvetsetsa ndikuthetsa mavuto mu ma circuit amagetsi. Kupitiliza kuchita ndi mavuto ngati awa kudzathandiza ophunzira kulimbitsa kumvetsetsa kwawo lingaliro ili ndikuligwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri mu maphunziro awo a fizikisi.
