Mafunso abwino kwambiri okhudza malamulo a gasi

Zitsanzo 18 za Mafunso Abwino a Malamulo a Gasi

1. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri m'malo umakhala ndi voliyumu V ndi kutentha T poyamba. Ngati mpweya watenthedwa kotero kuti kutentha kumasintha kufika pa 5/4 T ndipo kuthamanga kumasintha kufika pa 2P ndiye kuti voliyumu ya mpweya imasintha kufika pa...

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Voliyumu yoyamba (V)₁) = V
Kutentha koyambirira (T)₁) = T
Kutentha komaliza (T)₂) = 5/4 T
Kupanikizika koyamba (P)₁) = P
Kupanikizika komaliza (P)₂) = 2P
Anafunsa : Voliyumu yomaliza (V)₂)
Yankhani :
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumasintha kufika pa 5/8 kuchulukitsa kwa voliyumu yoyambirira.

2. Voliyumu ya ma mole awiri a mpweya pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika koyenera (STP) ndi…

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Chiwerengero cha ma moles a mpweya (n) = ma moles awiri
Kutentha kokhazikika (T) = 0 ^oC = 0 + 273 = 273 Kelvin
Kupanikizika kwachizolowezi (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 10⁵ Pascal
Mpweya wosasinthika wa Universal (R) = 8,315 Joules/mol.Kelvin
Anafunsa : Kuchuluka kwa mpweya (V)
Yankhani :
Lamulo Labwino la Gasi (mu chiwerengero cha ma moles, n)
Kuchuluka kwa ma mole awiri a mpweya ndi malita 44,8.
Voliyumu ya mole imodzi ya mpweya ndi malita 45,4 / 2 = malita 22,4.
Kotero voliyumu ya mole imodzi ya mpweya, kaya ndi mpweya kapena helium kapena argon kapena mpweya wina uliwonse, ndi malita 22,4.

3. Malita 4 a mpweya wa okosijeni pa kutentha kwa 27°C pa kuthamanga kwa 2 atm (1 atm = 10⁵ Pa) ili mu chidebe. Ngati mpweya wokhazikika wa chilengedwe chonse R = 8,314 J.mol^-1.K^-1 ndi nambala ya Avogadro N_A 6,02 × 10²³ mamolekyulu, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu a mpweya wa okosijeni m'chidebecho ndi...
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya (V) = malita 4 = 4 dm³ = 4x10 pa^-3 m³
Kutentha kwa mpweya (T) = 27^oC = 27 + 273 = 300 Kelvin
Kupanikizika kwa mpweya (P) = 2 atm = 2 x 10⁵ Pascal
Mpweya wosasinthika wa chilengedwe chonse (R) = 8,314 J.mol^-1.K^-1
Nambala ya Avogadro (N)_A) = 6,02 x 10²³
Anafunsa Chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a mpweya wa okosijeni m'chidebe (N)
Yankhani :
Chokhazikika cha Boltzmann :
Lamulo Labwino la Gasi (mu chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu, N)
Mu mole imodzi ya mpweya wa okosijeni, pali 1,93 x 10²³ mamolekyu a okosijeni.

4. Chombo chokhala ndi mpweya wa neon (Ne, atomiki kulemera = 20 u) pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika koyenera (STP) chili ndi voliyumu ya 2 m³Dziwani kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa neon!
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kulemera kwa atomiki ya neon = 20 magalamu/mol = 0,02 kg/mol
Kutentha kokhazikika (T) = 0^oC = 273 Kelvin
Kupanikizika kwachizolowezi (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 10⁵ Pascal
Voliyumu (V) = 2 m³
Anafunsa : kulemera (m) kwa mpweya wa neon
Yankhani :
Pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika koyenera (STP), mole imodzi ya mpweya uliwonse, kuphatikizapo mpweya wa neon, ili ndi voliyumu ya malita 22,4 = 22,4 dm³ = 0,0448 m³Motero, mu buku la 2 m³ Kodi pali ma moles angati a mpweya wa neon?
Mu voliyumu ya 2 m³ Pali ma moles 44,6 a mpweya wa neon.
Kulemera kwa atomiki kwa mpweya wa neon ndi magalamu 20/mol. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mole imodzi ili ndi magalamu 20 kapena 0,02 kg ya mpweya wa neon. Popeza mole imodzi ili ndi 0,02 kg ya mpweya wa neon, ma mole 44,6 ali ndi (ma mole 44,6)(0,02 kg/mol) = 0,892 kg = magalamu 892 a mpweya wa neon.

5. Mafunso a Mayeso a Dziko Lonse a SMA/MA a 2017 Nambala 22

Mpweya wabwino umayikidwa mu chidebe chotsekedwa, ndipo voliyumu yake imachepetsedwa ndi theka pa kutentha kosasintha. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya tsopano…

A. Yoyambirira kasanu ndi kamodzi

B. yoyambirira kasanu

C. yoyambirira nthawi 1

D. 1/2 kuchulukitsa choyambirira

E. 1/4 ya choyambirira

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Voliyumu yoyamba = V

Voliyumu yomaliza = 1/2 V

Kupanikizika koyamba = P

Kutentha kosalekeza

Anafunsa kuti: Kupanikizika komaliza

Yankho:

P₁ V₁ /T₁ =P₂ V₂ /T₂ —–> Kutentha kosalekeza (T)

P₁ V₁ =P₂ V₂

P V =P₂ (1/2 V)

P =P₂ (1 / 2)

2P =P₂

Kupanikizika kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka kawiri.

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

6. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Fiziki Funso Ladziko Lonse la Mayeso Nambala 21

Samalani ndi mawu omwe ali pansipa!

(1) Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti nthawi zonse timayenda mbali inayake

(2) Tinthu ta mpweya timafalikira mofanana m'chipinda chonsecho.

(3) Kukula kwa tinthu ta mpweya kunganyalanyazidwe poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa chidebecho.

(4) Kugundana kulikonse kwa tinthu ta mpweya komwe kumachitika kumakhala kosalala bwino.

(5) Mphamvu yokoka pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono imaganiziridwa.

Mawu omwe akugwirizana ndi makhalidwe a mpweya wabwino ndi awa…

A. (1) ndi (3) zokha

B. (2) ndi (4) zokha

C. (1), (2) ndi (3) zokha

D. (2), (3) ndi (4)

E. (3), (4) ndi (5)

Zokambirana

Mawu olondola ndi 1, 2, 3, 4.

7. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Fiziki Funso Ladziko Lonse la Mayeso Nambala 21

Nazi zinthu zokhudzana ndi gasi:

(1) Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu timayenda molunjika pa liwiro losasintha mwachisawawa.

(2) Kugundana komwe kumachitika pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono titaye mphamvu pang'ono.

(3) Tinthu ta mpweya timafalikira mofanana m'chipinda chonsecho.

(4) Malamulo a Newton oyendetsera zinthu amagwira ntchito pa tinthu ta mpweya wa monatomic tokha.

(5) Nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti tinthu tigunde ndi yochepa kwambiri.

Kuchokera ku mawu awa, makhalidwe a mpweya wabwino akuphatikizapo...

A. (1), (2), (5)

B. (1), (3), (5)

C. (2), (3), (4)

D. (2), (4), (5)

E. (3), (4), (5)

Zokambirana

Mawu olondola ndi 1, 3, 5.

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

8. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Fiziki Funso Ladziko Lonse la Mayeso Nambala 21

(1) Mpweya umakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagawidwa mofanana.

(2) Kugundana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi makoma kumakhala kosalala bwino.

(3) Nthawi yomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakumana nayo ndi yochepa kwambiri.

(4) Kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kwakukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chidebe chomwe chilimo.

(5) Malamulo a Newton sagwira ntchito pa mamolekyu chifukwa kukula kwawo ndi kochepa kwambiri.

Chiganizo cholondola ndi chakuti…

A. (1), (2), ndi (3)

B. (1), (2), ndi (4)

C. (1), (3), ndi (5)

D. (2), (3), ndi (5)

E. (3, (4), ndi (5)

Zokambirana

Mawu olondola ndi 1, 2, 3.

Yankho lolondola ndi A.

9. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Fiziki Funso Ladziko Lonse la Mayeso Nambala 22

Mpweya wabwino poyamba umakhala pamalo okhala ndi voliyumu V kutentha kwa T ndi kupanikizika kwa P. Ngati mpweya watenthedwa kotero kuti kutentha kwake kumakhala 3/2 T ndi kupanikizika kwake 4/3 P, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumakhala...

A. 9/8 V

B. 9/5 V

C. 5/3 V

D. 4/3 V

E. 3/2 V

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Voliyumu yoyamba (V)₁) = V

Kutentha koyambirira (T)₁) = T

Kupanikizika koyamba (P)₁) = P

Kutentha komaliza (T)₂) = 3/2 T

Kupanikizika komaliza (P)₂) = 4/3 P

Anafunsa : Voliyumu yomaliza (V)₂)

Yankhani :

Yankho lolondola ndi A.

10. 2015/2016 SMA/MA Fiziki Funso Ladziko Lonse la Mayeso Nambala 22

Mpweya wabwino umakhala pamalo okhala ndi voliyumu V.₁ kutentha T₁ ndi kupanikizika P₁Kenako itenthetseni mpaka voliyumu ya mpweya ifike 4/3 V₁ ndipo kupanikizika kumakhala 5/2 P₁Chiŵerengero cha kutentha kwa mpweya womaliza ndi mpweya woyambirira ndi...

A. 10: 5

B. 10: 3

C. 5: 10

D. 3: 10

E. 1: 8

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Voliyumu yoyamba = V₁

Kutentha koyambirira = T₁

Kupanikizika koyamba = P₁

Voliyumu yomaliza = Ndemanga ya 4/3 V₁

Kupanikizika komaliza = 5/2 P₁

Anafunsa : Kuyerekeza kutentha komaliza ndi kutentha koyambirira

Yankhani :

Werengani kutentha komaliza:

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

11. Malita atatu a mpweya wa Argon pa kutentha kwa 27°C pa kuthamanga kwa 1 atm (1 atm = 10⁵ Pa) ili mu chubu. Ngati mpweya wokhazikika wa chilengedwe chonse R = 8,314 J.mol^-1.K^-1 ndipo chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu mole imodzi ya mpweya ndi 6,02 x 10²³ tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya wa Argon mu chubu ndi...

A. 0,83 x 10 ²³ tinthu tating'onoting'ono

B. 0,72 x 10 ²³ tinthu tating'onoting'ono

C. 0,42 x 10 ²³ tinthu tating'onoting'ono

D. 0,22 x 10 ²³ tinthu tating'onoting'ono

E. 0,12 x 10 ²³ tinthu tating'onoting'ono

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti :

Kuchuluka kwa gasi = malita 3 = 3 dm³ = 3x10 pa^-3 m³

Kutentha kwa mpweya = 27^oC + 273 = 300 K

Kupanikizika kwa mpweya = 1 atm = 10⁵ Pa

Mpweya wosasinthika wa chilengedwe chonse (R) = 8,314 J.mol^-1 .K^-1

Nambala ya Avogadro (N)_A) = 6,02 x 10²³ mamolekyulu/mol

Anafunsa : chiwerengero cha tinthu ta argon gas mu chubu

Yankhani :

12. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri uli m'chombo chotsekedwa chokhala ndi mphamvu ya P, voliyumu V, ndi kutentha kwa T. Ngati nthawi ina kutentha kwasinthidwa kukhala 2T, ndipo voliyumuyo kukhala 3/2 V, ndiye kuti chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yoyambirira (P)₁ndi kupanikizika komaliza (P)₂) pambuyo poti V ndi T asinthidwa ndiye….

A. 1: 3

B. 1: 2

C. 2: 3

D. 3: 4

E. 4: 3

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Kupanikizika koyamba (P)₁) = P

Voliyumu yoyamba (V)₁) = V

Voliyumu yomaliza (V)₂) = 3/2 V

Kutentha koyambirira (T)₁) = T

Kutentha komaliza (T)₂) = 2T

Anafunsa kuti: Kuyerekeza koyamba kwa kupanikizika (P)₁) ndi kupanikizika komaliza (P₂)

Yankho:

Kuyerekeza kwa kupanikizika koyamba ndi komaliza:

P₁ :P₂

P: 4P/3

1: 4/3

3 (1): (3) 4/3

3: 4

Yankho lolondola ndi D.

13. Mpweya wa okosijeni wokhala ndi voliyumu V, kutentha T, ndi kupanikizika P uli mu silinda yotsekedwa ndi valavu. Vavu ikakanikizidwa, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumakhala 3/4 V ndipo kutentha kumakhala 3/2 T, ndiye kuti chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika koyambirira ndi kupsinjika komaliza kwa mpweya ndi….

A. P₁ :P₂ = 1 : 2

B. P₁ :P₂ = 2 : 3

C. P₁ :P₂ = 3 : 2

D.P₁ :P₂ = 3 : 4

E.P₁ :P₂ = 4 : 3

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Kupanikizika koyamba (P)₁) = P

Voliyumu yoyamba (V)₁) = V

Voliyumu yomaliza (V)₂) = 3/4 V

Kutentha koyambirira (T)₁) = T

Kutentha komaliza (T)₂) = 3/2 T

Anafunsa kuti: Kuyerekeza koyamba kwa kupanikizika (P)₁) ndi kupanikizika komaliza (P₂)

Yankho:

Kuyerekeza kwa kupanikizika koyamba ndi komaliza:

P₁ :P₂

P: 2P

1: 2

Yankho lolondola ndi A.

14. Samalani ndi graph ya ubale pakati pa kuchulukana kwa misa (ρ) ndi voliyumu (V) ya mpweya wotsatira!

Mpweya umodzi womwe uli ndi kulemera kofanana ndi…

Zokambirana

Fomula ya kachulukidwe:

Kuchulukana (ρ) = kulemera (m) / Volume (V)

Kulemera (m) = kuchulukana (ρ) x Voliyumu (V)

1) m = (0,8)(2) = 1,6 kg

2) m = (0,8)(4) = 3,2 kg

3) m = (0,4)(4) = 1,6 kg

4) m = (0,4)(5) = 2 kg

5) m = (0,8)(5) = 4 kg

Mpweya womwe uli ndi kulemera kofanana ndi 1 ndi 3.

15. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri uli m'chombo chotsekedwa chokhala ndi mphamvu ya P, voliyumu V, ndi kutentha kwa T. Ngati nthawi ina kutentha kwasinthidwa kukhala 2T, ndipo voliyumuyo kukhala 3/2 V, ndiye kuti chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yoyambirira (P)₁ndi kupanikizika komaliza (P)₂) pambuyo poti V ndi T asinthidwa ndiye….

A. 1: 3
B. 1: 2
C. 2: 3
D. 3: 4
E. 4: 3

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kupanikizika koyamba (P)₁) = P
Voliyumu yoyamba (V)₁) = V
Voliyumu yomaliza (V)₂) = 3/2 V
Kutentha koyambirira (T)₁) = T
Kutentha komaliza (T)₂) = 2T
Kufunsidwa: Kuyerekeza kwa kupanikizika koyambirira (P)₁) ndi kupanikizika komaliza (P₂)

Yankho:

Kuyerekeza kwa kupanikizika koyamba ndi komaliza:
P₁ :P₂
P: 4P/3
1: 4/3
3 (1): (3) 4/3
3: 4
Yankho lolondola ndi D.

16. Mpweya wa okosijeni wokhala ndi voliyumu V, kutentha T, ndi kupanikizika P uli mu silinda yotsekedwa ndi valavu. Pamene valavuyo yakanikizidwa, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumakhala 3/4 V ndipo kutentha kumakhala 3/2 T, ndiye kuti chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika koyambirira ndi kupsinjika komaliza kwa mpweya ndi….

A. P₁ :P₂ = 1 : 2
B. P₁ :P₂ = 2 : 3
C. P₁ :P₂ = 3 : 2
D.P₁ :P₂ = 3 : 4
E.P₁ :P₂ = 4 : 3

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kupanikizika koyamba (P)₁) = P
Voliyumu yoyamba (V)₁) = V
Voliyumu yomaliza (V)₂) = 3/4 V
Kutentha koyambirira (T)₁) = T
Kutentha komaliza (T)₂) = 3/2 T
Kufunsidwa: Kuyerekeza kwa kupanikizika koyambirira (P)₁) ndi kupanikizika komaliza (P₂)
Yankho:

Kuyerekeza kwa kupanikizika koyamba ndi komaliza:
P₁ :P₂
P: 2P
1: 2
Yankho lolondola ndi A.

17. Malita awiri a mpweya wa okosijeni (O2)₂kutentha 30 ^oC pa kupanikizika kwa 1 atm (1 atm = 10⁵ Pa) ili mu chubu. Ngati mpweya wokhazikika wa chilengedwe chonse, R = 8,314 J mol^-1 K^-1 ndipo chiwerengero cha mamolekyu mu mole imodzi ya mpweya ndi 6,02 x 10²³ mamolekyulu, kenako kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a mpweya wa okosijeni (O2)₂) mu chubu muli…
A. 0,8 x 10²³ molekyulu
B. 0,7 x 10²³ molekyulu
C. 0,5 x 10²³ molekyulu
D. 0,2 x 10²³ molekyulu
E. 0,1 x 10²³ molekyulu
Kukambirana:
Ndizodziwika kuti :
VO₂ = malita awiri = 2 dm³ = 2x10 pa^-3 m³
T = 30 + 273 = 303 K
P_ATM = 10⁵ Pa = 10⁵ N / m²
N_A = 6,02x10 pa²³ mamolekyulu/mol (Nambala ya Avogadro)
R = 8,314 J mol^-1 K^-1
k = R/N_A = 8,314/6,02 x 10²³ = 1,38x10 pa^-23 J/K
Kulemera kwa maselo a O₂ = 32 magalamu/mol = 32 kg/mol
Anafunsa :
Chiwerengero cha mamolekyu a mpweya wa okosijeni (O2)₂)
Yankhani :
PV = NkT
Kufotokozera: P = kupanikizika, V = voliyumu, N = chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu, k = Boltzmann nthawi zonse
(10⁵ N / m²)(2 x 10^-3 m³) = N(1,38 x 10^-23 J/K(303 K)
Yankho lolondola ndi C.

18. Voliyumu ya mpweya wa okosijeni wa magalamu awiri O₂ (Mr = 32) m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino (T = 0 ^oC ndi P = 1 atm) ndi…. R = 8,314 J/mol K, 1 atm = 10⁵ Pa) ndi…
A. 1,4 m³
B. 2,0 m³
C. 2,3 m³
D. 2,5 m³
E. 3,0 m³
Kukambirana:
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Misa O₂ = 2g
Kulemera kwa maselo (Mr) O₂ = magalamu 32/mol
T = 0 + 273 = 273 K
P=10⁵ N / m²
R = 8.314 J/mol K
Anafunsa :
Voliyumu?
Yankhani :

Gwero la funso:

Mafunso a National Examination Physics a Senior High School/Vocational High School