Zitsanzo 5 za Lamulo Lachiwiri la Kirchhoff
Komanso phunzirani nkhani zokhudza Kirchhoff’s Law ndi kukambirana mafunso okhudza Kirchhoff’s Law.
1. Dera lamagetsi limakhala ndi zotsutsana zinayi, chilichonse R 1 = 6 Ohm, R 2 = 6 Ohm, R 3 = 9 Ohm ndi R 4 = 3 Ohm cholumikizidwa ndi E 1 = 6 Volt, E 2 = 12 Volt monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chotsatirachi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda….
A. 1/5 A
B. 2/5 A
C. 3/5 A
D. 4/5 A
E. 1 A
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)2) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)3) = 9 Ω
Wotsutsa 4 (R)4) = 3 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E)1) = 6 Volt
Gwero la emf 2 (E)2) = 12 Volt
Anafunsa kuti: Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Yankho:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) ndi chotsutsa 2 (R2) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsutsa cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R12 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6
R12 = 6/2 = 3 Ω
Njira zothetsera vutoli:
Choyamba , sankhani komwe mukufuna kupita. Mutha kusankha motsatira njira yotsutsana ndi wotchi kapena motsatira wotchi.
Chachiwiri , pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistor kapena resistor (R), mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa kotero kuti V = IR imakhala yoipa.
Chachitatu , ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro chabwino chifukwa pali kudzaza kwa mphamvu mu gwero la emf. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro choipa chifukwa pali kutuluka kwa mphamvu mu gwero la emf.
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
- IR12 - E1 - IR3 - IR4 +E2 = 0
3I – 6 – 9I – 3I + 12 = 0
3I – 9I – 3I = 6 – 12
– 15I = – 6
Ine = -6 /-15
I = 2/5 Ampere
2. Yang'anani chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka resistor pansipa! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pa R 3 ndi…
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti:
R 1 = 4 Ω
R 2 = 4 Ω
R 3 = 8 Ω
Anafunsa: I 3
Yankho:
Kulunjika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera lamagetsi pamwambapa kuli kofanana ndi komwe manja a wotchi akuyang'ana, kuyambira pa mphamvu yayikulu mpaka mphamvu yochepa.
Choyamba , werengani choletsa chosinthira (R). Pambuyo pake, werengani mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Ohm : I = V / R
Choletsa cholowa m'malo:
Werengerani choletsa cholowa m'malo mwa chozungulira chomwe chili pamwambapa.
Wotsutsa R1 ndi chotsutsa R2 Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R12 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4
R12 = 4/2 = 2 Ω
Wotsutsa R12 ndi chotsutsa R3 Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
R = R12 +R3 = 2 + 8 = 10 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire :
I = V / R = 40 / 10 = 4 Ampere
Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff amanena kuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi olowa mu nthambi ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi otuluka mu nthambi imeneyo. Kutengera lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati magetsi otuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes, ndiye kuti magetsi odutsa mu ab ndi ofanana ndi 4 Amperes, momwemonso magetsi odutsa mu bc ndi 4 Amperes.
3. Yang'anani dera lamagetsi pachithunzi chili pansipa. Werengani I 1 , I 2 ndi I 3.
Zokambirana
Mphamvu yamagetsi imasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa; mphamvu yamagetsi imasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yabwino kupita ku mphamvu yoipa. Chifukwa chake, malangizo a mafunde I 1 ndi I 2 amasankhidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, pomwe malangizo a mphamvu I 3 amasankhidwa mwachisawawa.
Choyamba , gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff pamalo ogwirira ntchito.
I 3 = I 1 + I 2 ………. equation 1
Chachiwiri , gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa kuzungulira 1 (kumanzere)
32 – 4 Ine 1 – 10 Ine 3 = 0
8 – Ine 1 – 2,5 Ine 3 = 0
……. equation 2
Chachitatu , gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa kuzungulira 2 (kumanja)
15 – 5 Ine 2 – 10 Ine 3 = 0
3 – Ine 2 – 2 Ine 3 = 0
……. equation 3
Sinthani ma equation 2 ndi 3 kukhala equation 1:
Chizindikiro chotsutsa chimatanthauza kuti njira ya I 2 ndi yosiyana ndi njira yomwe yasankhidwa pamwambapa.
4. Circuit yamagetsi imakhala ndi zotsutsa zinayi, chilichonse chili ndi R1 = 12 Ohm, R2 = 12 Ohm, R3 = 3 Ohm ndi R4 = 6 Ohm yolumikizidwa ndi E1 = 6 Volts, E2 = 12 Volts monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chotsatira. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda ndi….
A. 1/5 A
B. 2/5 A
C. 3/5 A
D. 4/5 A
E. 1 A
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) = 12 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)2) = 12 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)3) = 3 Ω
Wotsutsa 4 (R)4) = 6 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E)1) = 6 Volt
Gwero la emf 2 (E)2) = 12 Volt
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Yankho:
Vutoli likugwirizana ndi lamulo la Kirchhooff. Njira ndi momwe mungathetsere vutoli:
Choyamba, sankhani njira yomwe mukufuna. Mutha kusankha njira yotsutsana ndi wotchi kapena yozungulira wotchi.
Chachiwiri, pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistor kapena resistor (R) pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu kotero kuti V = IR ndi negative.
Chachitatu, ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro chabwino chifukwa pali kudzaza kwa mphamvu mu gwero la emf. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro choipa chifukwa pali kutulutsa mphamvu mu gwero la emf.
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) ndi chotsutsa 2 (R2) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsutsa cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R12 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/12 + 1/12 = 2/12
R12 = 12/2 = 6 Ω
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
- IR12 - E1 - IR3 - IR4 +E2 = 0
- 6 I - 6 - 3I - 6I + 12 = 0
– 6I – 3I – 6I = 6 -12
– 15I = – 6
Ine = -6/-15
I = 2/5 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 2/5 Ampere. Mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira yamagetsi ikuyenda monga momwe amayembekezera, motsatira wotchi.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
5. Yang'anani dera lamagetsi lotsatirali! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi….
A. 0,1 A
B. 0,2 A
C. 0,5 A
D. 1,0 A
E. 5,0 A
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) = 10 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)2) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)3) = 5 Ω
Wotsutsa 4 (R)4) = 20 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E)1) = 8 Volt
Gwero la emf 2 (E)2) = 12 Volt
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Yankho:
Wotsutsa 3 (R)3) ndi chotsutsa 4 (R4) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsutsa cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R34 = 1/R3 + 1/R4 = 1/5 + 1/20 = 4/20 + 1/20 = 5/20
R34 = 20/5 = 4 Ω
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
- IR1 - IR2 - E1 - IR34 +E2 = 0
10I – 6I – 8 – 4I + 12 = 0
10I – 6I – 4I = 8 – 12
– 20I = – 4
Ine = -4/-20
I = 1/5 Ampere
I = 0,2 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 1/5 Ampere. Mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira yamagetsi ikuyenda monga momwe amayembekezera, motsatira wotchi.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
