Chitsanzo cha lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff

Zitsanzo 5 za Mafunso Amilandu 2 Kirchhoff

Komanso phunzirani nkhani zokhudza Kirchhoff’s Law ndi Kukambirana za malamulo a Kirchhoff

1. Dera lamagetsi limakhala ndi zotsutsa zinayi, chilichonse chili ndi R₁= 6 Ohm, R₂ = 6 Ohm, R₃ = 9 Ohm ndi R₄ = 3 Ohm yolumikizidwa ndi E₁= 6 Volts, E₂ = 12 Volts monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chotsatira. Mphamvu yamagetsi Kodi kuyenda ndi chiyani….

A. 1/5 A
B. 2/5 A
C. 3/5 A
D. 4/5 A
E. 1 A

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)₂) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)₃) = 9 Ω
Wotsutsa 4 (R)₄) = 3 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 6 Volt
Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 12 Volt
Anafunsa kuti: Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Yankho:

Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) ndi chotsutsa 2 (R₂) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsutsa cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R₁₂ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6
R₁₂ = 6/2 = 3 Ω

Njira zothetsera vutoli:

Choyamba, sankhani njira yomwe mukufuna panopa. Mutha kusankha motsatira njira yotsutsana ndi wotchi kapena motsatira wotchi.

Chachiwiri, pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistor kapena resistor (R) pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu kotero kuti V = IR ndi negative.

ChachitatuNgati mphamvu yamagetsi yasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) lalembedwa kuti ndi labwino chifukwa pali mphamvu yochaja pa gwero la emf. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) lalembedwa kuti ndi loipa chifukwa pali mphamvu yotulutsa pa gwero la emf.

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.

- IR₁₂ - E₁ - IR₃ - IR₄ +E₂ = 0
3I – 6 – 9I – 3I + 12 = 0
3I – 9I – 3I = 6 – 12
– 15I = – 6
Ine = -6 /-15
I = 2/5 Ampere

2. Yang'anani chithunzi cha dongosolo la resistor pansipa! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu R₃ ndi…

Zokambirana

Ndizodziwika kuti:

R₁ = 4 Ω

R₂ = 4 Ω

R₃ = 8 Ω

Anafunsa kuti: I₃

Yankho:

Malangizo a magetsi mu mabwalo amagetsi di pamwamba pali njira yofanana ndi momwe manja a wotchi amalowera, kuyambira pa mphamvu yayikulu mpaka mphamvu yochepa.

Choyamba, werengerani choletsa chosinthira (R). Pambuyo pake, werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito Fomula ya lamulo la Ohm : Ine = V / R

Choletsa cholowa m'malo:
Werengerani choletsa cholowa m'malo mwa chozungulira chomwe chili pamwambapa.
Wotsutsa R₁ ndi chotsutsa R₂ Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R₁₂ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ = 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4
R₁₂ = 4/2 = 2 Ω
Wotsutsa R₁₂ ndi chotsutsa R₃ Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
R = R₁₂ +R₃ = 2 + 8 = 10 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire :
I = V / R = 40 / 10 = 4 Ampere

Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff amanena kuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi olowa mu nthambi ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi otuluka mu nthambi imeneyo. Kutengera lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati magetsi otuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes, ndiye kuti magetsi odutsa mu ab ndi ofanana ndi 4 Amperes, momwemonso magetsi odutsa mu bc ndi 4 Amperes.

3. Yang'anani dera lamagetsi pachithunzi chili pansipa. Werengani I₁, I₂ ndipo ine₃.

Zokambirana

Mphamvu yamagetsi imasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita pa mphamvu yochepa; mphamvu yamagetsi imasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yabwino kupita ku mphamvu yoipa. Chifukwa chake, njira ya mphamvu I imasankhidwa.₁ ndipo ine₂ monga momwe zilili pachithunzichi, pomwe njira ya magetsi I₃ osankhidwa mwachisawawa.

Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff pamalo a nthambi

I₃ = Ine₁ + I₂ .......... equation 1

Chachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa kuzungulira 1 (kumanzere)

32 – 4 I₁ – 10 I₃ = 0

8 – Ine₁ – 2,5 I₃ = 0

.......... equation 2

Chachitatu, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa kuzungulira 2 (kumanja)

15 – 5 I₂ – 10 I₃ = 0

3 – Ine₂ – 2 I₃ = 0

.......... equation 3

Sinthani ma equation 2 ndi 3 kukhala equation 1:

Chizindikiro chotsutsa chimatanthauza njira yoyamba₂ zosiyana ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa.

4. Circuit yamagetsi imakhala ndi zotsutsa zinayi, chilichonse chili ndi R₁ = 12 Ohm, R₂ = 12 Ohm, R₃ = 3 Ohm ndi R₄ = 6 Ohm yolumikizidwa ndi E₁ = 6 Volts, E₂ = 12 Volts monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chotsatira. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda ndi….

A. 1/5 A
B. 2/5 A
C. 3/5 A
D. 4/5 A
E. 1 A

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) = 12 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)₂) = 12 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)₃) = 3 Ω
Wotsutsa 4 (R)₄) = 6 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 6 Volt
Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 12 Volt
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Yankho:

Vutoli likugwirizana ndi lamulo la Kirchhooff. Njira ndi momwe mungathetsere vutoli:
Choyamba, sankhani njira yomwe mukufuna. Mutha kusankha njira yotsutsana ndi wotchi kapena yozungulira wotchi.
Chachiwiri, pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistor kapena resistor (R) pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu kotero kuti V = IR ndi negative.
Chachitatu, ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro chabwino chifukwa pali kudzaza kwa mphamvu mu gwero la emf. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro choipa chifukwa pali kutulutsa mphamvu mu gwero la emf.

Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) ndi chotsutsa 2 (R₂) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsutsa cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R₁₂ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ = 1/12 + 1/12 = 2/12
R₁₂ = 12/2 = 6 Ω

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
- IR₁₂ - E₁ - IR₃ - IR₄ +E₂ = 0
- 6 I - 6 - 3I - 6I + 12 = 0
– 6I – 3I – 6I = 6 -12
– 15I = – 6
Ine = -6/-15
I = 2/5 Ampere

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 2/5 Ampere. Mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira yamagetsi ikuyenda monga momwe amayembekezera, motsatira wotchi.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

5. Yang'anani dera lamagetsi lotsatirali! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi….

A. 0,1 A
B. 0,2 A
C. 0,5 A
D. 1,0 A
E. 5,0 A

Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) = 10 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)₂) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)₃) = 5 Ω
Wotsutsa 4 (R)₄) = 20 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 8 Volt
Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 12 Volt
Kufunidwa: Mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Yankho:
Wotsutsa 3 (R)₃) ndi chotsutsa 4 (R₄) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsutsa cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R₃₄ = 1/R₃ + 1/R₄ = 1/5 + 1/20 = 4/20 + 1/20 = 5/20
R₃₄ = 20/5 = 4 Ω

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
- IR₁ - IR₂ - E₁ - IR₃₄ +E₂ = 0
10I – 6I – 8 – 4I + 12 = 0
10I – 6I – 4I = 8 – 12
– 20I = – 4
Ine = -4/-20
I = 1/5 Ampere
I = 0,2 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 1/5 Ampere. Mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira yamagetsi ikuyenda monga momwe amayembekezera, motsatira wotchi.
Yankho lolondola ndi B.