Chitsanzo cha Mafunso Okhudza Mphamvu Zamagetsi
1. Electron imathamanga kuchokera ku kupuma kudzera mu kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya ma volts 12. Kodi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya elekitironi ndi kotani?
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Katundu Electron imodzi (e) = -1,60 x 10-19 Coulomb
Kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi = magetsi amagetsi (V) = 12 Volts
Anafunsa kuti: Kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (ΔEP)
Yankho:
ΔEP = q V = (-1,60 x 10-19 C(12 V) = -19,2 x 10-19 Joule
Chizindikiro choyipa chimatanthauza mphamvu zamagetsi mphamvu yamagetsi ya elekitironi imachepa. Ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yoipa, mphamvu yamagetsi ya elekitironi imakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ikafika pafupi ndi mbale yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yoipa, mphamvu yamagetsi ya elekitironi imakhala pamlingo wotsika kwambiri.
2. Ma plate awiri ofanana ali ndi chaji yabwino komanso yoipa. Mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma plate awiriwa ndi 500 Volts/mita. Mtunda pakati pa ma plate awiriwa ndi 2 cm. Dziwani kusintha kwa mphamvu yomwe pulotoni ingathe kusintha ikasuntha kuchokera ku plate yomwe ili ndi chaji yabwino kupita ku plate yomwe ili ndi chaji yoipa!
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Malo amagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri (E) = 500 Volts/mita
Mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri = 2 cm = 0,02 mamita
Protoni yolipiritsa = +1,60 x 10-19 Coulomb
Anafunsa kuti: Kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi (ΔEP)
Yankho:
Choyamba werengani kusiyana komwe kulipo kapena magetsi amagetsi :
V = E s
V = (Ma Volti 500/mita)(mamita 0,02)
V = 10 Volt
Kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi:
ΔEP = q V
ΔEP = (1,60 x 10-19 C)(10 V)
ΔEP = 16 x 10-19 Joule
ΔEP = 1,6 x 10-18 Joule
Ikakhala pafupi ndi mbale yodzaza bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi ya proton imakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ikafika pafupi ndi mbale yodzaza bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi ya proton imakhala pamlingo wotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ikasuntha kuchokera ku mbale yodzaza bwino kupita ku mbale yodzaza bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi ya proton imachepa.
3. Ma charge awiri akonzedwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa. Ma charge pa A ndi +9 μC ndipo ma charge pa B ndi -4 μC. Coulomb's constant (k) = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2, 1 μC = 10-6 C. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji B imasintha bwanji ngati yasanduka chaji A?
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Ndalama A (q)1) = +9 μC = +9 x 10-6 C
Cholipiritsa B (q)1) = -4 μC = -4 x 10-6 C
Chosasintha cha Coulomb (k) = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2
Mtunda pakati pa ma chaji A ndi B (r) = 10 cm = 0,1 mita = 10-1 mita
Anafunsa kuti: Kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji B ngati isintha kukhala chaji A
Yankho:
Chaji B imapita ku chaji A kotero kuti mphamvu yake yamagetsi ichepe ndi 2,4 Joules.
Izi zikufanana ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuyenda pansi kupita kudziko lapansi kotero kuti kutalika kwake ndi mphamvu yokoka zichepa.
4. Tinthu tomwe tili ndi mphamvu ya \( q = 5 \times 10^{-6} \) C timayikidwa mu gawo lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi mphamvu ya \( V = 300 \) V. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ya tinthuto ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
Mphamvu yamagetsi imaperekedwa ndi:
\[ U = q \nthawi V \]
\[ U = 5 \nthawi 10^{-6} \nthawi 300 \]
\[ U = 1.5 \nthawi 10^{-3} \] J
5. Electron imayikidwa mu gawo lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi mphamvu ya 500 V. Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi ya electron ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
Kuchajidwa kwa ma elekitironi \( q = -1.6 \nthawi 10^{-19} \) C.
\[ U = q \nthawi V \]
\[ U = -1.6 \nthawi 10^{-19} \nthawi 500 \]
\[ U = -8 \nthawi 10^{-17} \] J
6. Purotoni imasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu ya 100 V kufika pa 200 V. Kodi kusintha kwa mphamvu yake yothekera ndi kotani?
Kukambirana:
Protoni yolipiritsa \( q = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \) C.
\[ \Delta U = q \times \Delta V \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.6 \nthawi 10^{-19} \nthawi (200 - 100) \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.6 \nthawi 10^{-17} \] J
7. Zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi ma charges \( q_1 = 2 \times 10^{-6} \) C ndi \( q_2 = -3 \times 10^{-6} \) C zimayikidwa mu field yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphamvu ya \( V = 400 \) V. Kodi mphamvu yonse ya zinthu ziwirizi ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
\[ U_1 = q_1 \nthawi V \]
\[ U_2 = q_2 \nthawi V \]
\[ U_{total} = U_1 + U_2 \]
\[ U_{total} = (2 \nthawi 10^{-6} + (-3 \nthawi 10^{-6})) \nthawi 400 \]
\[ U_{total} = -4 \nthawi 10^{-3} \] J
8. Iyoni yokhala ndi mphamvu \( q = 4e \) (komwe \( e \) ndiye mphamvu yoyambira) ili m'munda wamagetsi wokhala ndi mphamvu \( V = 250 \) V. Kodi mphamvu yokwanira yamagetsi ya iyoni ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
\[ U = q \nthawi V \]
\[ U = 4 \nthawi 1.6 \nthawi 10^{-19} \nthawi 250 \]
\[ U = 1.6 \nthawi 10^{-16} \] J
9. Zimadziwika kuti tinthu tomwe tili ndi mphamvu ya \( q = -7 \times 10^{-5} \) C tili ndi mphamvu ya \( 2 \times 10^{-2} \) J. Kodi mphamvu ya magetsi komwe tinthu timeneti ili ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
\[ U = q \nthawi V \]
\[ V = \frac{U}{q} \]
\[ V = \frac{2 \times 10^{-2}}{-7 \times 10^{-5}} \]
\[ V = -285.71 \] V
10. Zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi ma charges \( q_1 = 5e \) ndi \( q_2 = -2e \) zili mu field yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphamvu ya \( V = 300 \) V. Kodi mphamvu yonse ya zinthu ziwirizi ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
\[ U_1 = q_1 \nthawi V \]
\[ U_2 = q_2 \nthawi V \]
\[ U_{total} = U_1 + U_2 \]
\[ U_{total} = (5 \nthawi 1.6 \nthawi 10^{-19} – 2 \nthawi 1.6 \nthawi 10^{-19}) \nthawi 300 \]
\[ U_{total} = 1.44 \nthawi 10^{-16} \] J
11. Iyoni yokhala ndi mphamvu \( q = -3e \) ili ndi mphamvu ya \( -9.6 \times 10^{-19} \) J. Kodi mphamvu ya magetsi komwe kuli iyoni ndi yotani?
Kukambirana:
\[ U = q \nthawi V \]
\[ V = \frac{U}{q} \]
\[ V = \frac{-9.6 \times 10^{-19}}{-3 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} \]
\[ V = 200 \] V
12. Zimadziwika kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ya chaji \(q \) m'munda wamagetsi wokhala ndi mphamvu \( V = 450 \) V ndi \( 9 \times 10^{-18} \) J. Kodi chaji \(q \) ndi chiyani?
Kukambirana:
\[ U = q \nthawi V \]
\[ q = \frac{U}{V} \]
\[ q = \frac{9 \times 10^{-18}}{450} \]
\[q = 2 \nthawi 10^{-20} \] C
13. Mphamvu yabwino \( q = 1.5 \times 10^{-19} \) C imasunthidwa kuchokera pa mfundo yokhala ndi mphamvu \( V_1 = 100 \) V kupita ku \( V_2 = 500 \) V. Kodi kusintha kwa mphamvu yothekera ndi kotani?
Kukambirana:
\[ \Delta U = q \times \Delta V \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.5 \nthawi 10^{-19} \nthawi (500 - 100) \]
\[ \Delta U = 6 \nthawi 10^{-17} \] J
