Zitsanzo zitatu za mafunso ozungulira galasi
1. Galasi lopindika Ili ndi kutalika kwa focal kwa 5 cm. Fotokozani kapangidwe ka chithunzicho kenako dziwani mtunda wa chithunzicho ndi kukula kwa chithunzicho ngati mtunda wa chinthucho kuchokera pagalasi lopindika ndi 10 cm.
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kutalika kwa galasi lopindika (f) = 5 cm
Kuyang'ana kwambiri galasi lopindika ndi kwabwino chifukwa malo olunjika pa galasi lopindika ndi komwe kuwala kumadutsa kapena komwe kuli kwenikweni.
Mtunda wa chinthu = 10 cm
Yankho:
Chithunzi cha kupangika kwa mithunzi ya zinthu :
Mtunda wa mthunzi:
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/5 – 1/10 = 2/10 – 1/10 = 1/10
s' = 10/1 = 10 cm
Mtunda wa mthunzi ndi 10 cm.
Kukula kwa chithunzi:
M = -s'/s = -10/10 = -1 nthawi
Kukula kwa 1 kumatanthauza kuti kukula kwa mthunzi ndi kofanana ndi kukula kwa chinthucho.
Kukula kwa chithunzi choyipa kumatanthauza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa. Chithunzicho chimakhala choyimirira ngati kukula kwa chithunzicho kuli koyenera.
2. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa 5 cm chimayikidwa patsogolo pa galasi lopindika lomwe lili ndi utali wa 20 cm. Dziwani kutalika kwa chithunzicho ngati mtunda kuchokera pa chinthucho ndi 5 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm.
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Ma radius a kupindika kwa galasi lopindika (R) = 20 cm
Kutalika kwa galasi lopindika (f) = R/2 = 20/2 = 10 cm
Kuyang'ana kwa galasi lopindika ndikwabwino chifukwa kuwala kumadutsa pamalo owunikira.
Kutalika kwa chinthu (h) = 5 cm
Yankho:
a) Mtunda wolunjika (f) = 10 cm ndi mtunda wa chinthu (s) = 5 cm
Mtunda wa chithunzi (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/5 = 1/10 – 2/10 = -1/10
s' = -10/1 = -10 cm
Mtunda wolakwika wa chithunzi umatanthauza kuti chithunzicho ndi cha pa intaneti kapena chithunzicho chili kumbuyo kwa galasi lopindika komwe kuwala sikudutsa pachithunzicho.
Kukula kwa chithunzi (M):
M = -s'/s = -(-10)/5 = 10/5 = nthawi ziwiri
Kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi kwabwino, kutanthauza kuti chithunzicho chili choyima.
Kutalika kwa mthunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(2) = 10 cm
Chithunzi (h') chili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 kuposa chinthu (h) chili ndi masentimita 5.
b) Mtunda wolunjika (f) = 10 cm ndipo mtunda wa chinthu (s) = 15 cm
Mtunda wa chithunzi (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/15 = 3/30 – 2/30 = 1/30
s' = 30/1 = 30 cm
Mtunda wabwino wa mthunzi umatanthauza kuti mthunzi ndi weniweni kapena mthunzi uli patsogolo pa galasi lopindika pomwe kuwala kumadutsa mumthunzi.
Kukula kwa chithunzi (M):
M = -s'/s = -30/15 = -2 nthawi
Kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi chizindikiro chotsutsa kumatanthauza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.
Kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi kwakukulu kuposa 1, kutanthauza kuti kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwa chinthucho.
Kutalika kwa mthunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(2) = 10 cm
Chithunzi (h') chili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 kuposa chinthu (h) chili ndi masentimita 5.
c) Mtunda wolunjika (f) = 10 cm ndi mtunda wa chinthu (s) = 20 cm
Mtunda wa chithunzi (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/20 = 2/20 – 1/20 = 1/20
s' = 20/1 = 20 cm
Mtunda wabwino wa mthunzi umatanthauza kuti mthunzi ndi weniweni kapena mthunzi uli patsogolo pa galasi lopindika pomwe kuwala kumadutsa mumthunzi.
Kukula kwa chithunzi (M):
M = -s'/s = -20/20 = -1 nthawi
Kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi chizindikiro chotsutsa kumatanthauza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.
Kukula kwa 1 kumatanthauza kuti kukula kwa chithunzicho kuli kofanana ndi kukula kwa chinthucho.
Kutalika kwa mthunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(1) = 5 cm
Chithunzi (h') 5 cm ndi kutalika kofanana ndi chinthu (h) 5 cm.
d) Mtunda wolunjika (f) = 10 cm ndipo mtunda wa chinthu (s) = 30 cm
Mtunda wa chithunzi (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/30 = 3/30 – 1/30 = 2/30
s' = 30/2 = 15 cm
Mtunda wabwino wa mthunzi umatanthauza kuti mthunzi ndi weniweni kapena mthunzi uli patsogolo pa galasi lopindika pomwe kuwala kumadutsa mumthunzi.
Kukula kwa chithunzi (M):
M = -s'/s = -15/30 = -0,5 nthawi
Kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi chizindikiro chotsutsa kumatanthauza kuti chithunzicho chatembenuzidwa.
Kukula kwa chithunzi ndi kochepera 1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwa chithunzicho ndi kochepa kuposa kukula kwa chinthucho.
Kutalika kwa mthunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(0,5) = 2,5 cm
Chithunzi (h') chili pansi pa 2,5 cm kuposa chinthu (h) 5 cm.
3. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi galasi lopindika chimakhala chachikulu kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa chinthucho. Ngati utali wa galasi ndi masentimita 20, ndiye kuti mtunda wa chinthucho patsogolo pa galasi ndi…
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Kukula kwa chithunzi (M) = 4
Ma radius a kupindika kwa galasi (R) = 20 cm
Mtunda wolunjika (f) = R/2 = 20/2 = 10 cm
Anafunsa : Mtunda wa chinthu (s)
Yankhani :
M = – s' / s
4 = – s' / s
– s' = 4 s
s' = – masekondi 4
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/10 = 1/s + 1/4s
4/40 = 4/4s + 1/4s
4/40 = 5/4s
(4)(4s) = (5)(40)
Masekondi 16 = 200
s = 12,5 cm
Mtunda wa chinthu chomwe chili patsogolo pa galasi ndi 12,5 cm.
Mafunso agalasi lozungulira
1. Chinthu cha kutalika kwa 3 cm chili pamtunda wa 3 cm patsogolo pa galasi lopindika lomwe limawonetsa kuwala. Ngati kutalika kwa galasi lopindika ndi 6 cm, dziwani izi: (a) mtunda wa chithunzicho, (b) kukula kwa chithunzicho, (c) kutalika kwa chithunzicho, (d) makhalidwe a chithunzicho.
Kiyi yoyankhira:
(a) s' = – 6 cm
(b) M = 2
(c) h' = 6 cm
(d) makhalidwe a chithunzi: chenicheni, choyimirira, chokulitsidwa
2. Mtunda wa chinthu kuchokera pagalasi lopindika lomwe lili ndi utali wa masentimita 16 ndi masentimita 12. Ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi masentimita 4, dziwani izi: (a) mtunda wa chithunzicho, (b) kukula kwa chithunzicho, (c) kutalika kwa chithunzicho, (d) makhalidwe a chithunzicho.
Kiyi yoyankhira:
(a) s' = 24 cm
(b) M = -2
(c) h' = -8 cm
(d) makhalidwe a chithunzi: chenicheni, chopindika, chokulitsidwa
3. Chinthu chili pamtunda wa masentimita 20 kuchokera pagalasi lopindika lomwe lili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5. Dziwani izi: (a) mtunda wa chithunzicho, (b) kukula kwa chithunzicho, (c) kutalika kwa chithunzicho ngati kutalika kwa chinthucho ndi masentimita 5, (d) makhalidwe a chithunzicho.
Kiyi yoyankhira:
(a) s' = 6,7 cm
(b) M = -1/3
(c) h' = -5/3 cm
(d) makhalidwe a chithunzi: chenicheni, chopindika, chochepetsedwa kukula
4. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi galasi lopindika chimakhala chowirikiza kawiri kukula kwa chinthucho. Ngati kutalika kwa galasi lopindika ndi 20 cm, ndiye kuti mtunda wa chinthucho patsogolo pa galasi lopindika ndi…
Kiyi yoyankhira:
(a) s = 10 cm
