Fiziki ya Sukulu ya Sekondale

Nkhani zokhudza Fiziki ya Mtima Malangizo a moyo wathanzi

Madzi amayenda mwachibadwa kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi, monga madzi amvula, mitsinje, kapena madzi apampopi. Komabe, madzi sangayende mwachibadwa kuchokera pamwamba kupita pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, madzi a m'chitsime sangayende okha kuchokera pachitsime kupita ku thanki, zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ya munthu kapena yamakina. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chitsime ndi thanki, mphamvu zimafunika kwambiri.

Mu fizikisi , madzi ndi madzi. Madzi ndi chinthu chomwe chimatha kuyenda komanso kukhala chete. 🙂 Chitsanzo china cha madzi ndi magazi.

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Capacitor ili ndi capacitance inayake. Ngati capacitance yofunikira palibe, ma capacitor awiri kapena kuposerapo akhoza kulumikizidwa kuti akwaniritse capacitance yofunikira. Kuti mulumikize ma capacitor molondola, kumvetsetsa bwino ma capacitor circuits ndikofunikira.

Musanaphunzire ma capacitor circuits, choyamba mvetsetsani zizindikiro. Zotsatirazi. Mizere iwiri yoyima mu chizindikiro cha capacitor ikuyimira ma conductor awiri mu capacitor yofanana. Mu chizindikiro cha batri, mzere wautali woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yayikulu (+) ndipo mzere waufupi woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yochepa (-). Mizere yoyima mu zizindikiro za capacitor ndi batri ikuyimira mawaya.

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Zipangizo zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mu ma capacitor

Capacitor imapangidwa ndi mbale/mapepala awiri a ma conductor ndipo pakati pa ma conductor awiriwa pali dielectric . Poyamba, ma conductor onse awiri sali ndi magetsi. Kuti capacitor igwire ntchito, mbale/pepala lililonse la conductor liyenera kukhala ndi magetsi, komwe kuchuluka kwa magetsi pa conductor iliyonse ndi kofanana koma mitundu yosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, conductor imodzi ili ndi magetsi a Q = +10 Coulomb kenako conductor winayo ali ndi magetsi a Q = -10 Coulomb. Kupezeka kwa magetsi ofanana koma mitundu yosiyana ya magetsi pa ma conductor onse awiri kumapanga malo amagetsi pakati pa ma conductor awiriwa, komwe kutsogolera kwa magetsi kumachokera ku magetsi abwino kupita ku magetsi oipa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumabweranso pakati pa ma conductor awiriwa, komwe conductor woli ndi magetsi abwino ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yambiri pomwe conductor woli ndi magetsi ochepa ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa.

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Capacitor ingagwire ntchito ngati mapepala awiri/mapepala a conductor sakukhudzana kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi isasunthe kuchokera pa conductor imodzi kupita ku ina. Momwemonso, kuti mphamvu yamagetsi isasunthe kuchokera pa conductor kupita ku mpweya, malo pakati pa ma conductor awiriwa ayenera kukhala vacuum. Mu nkhani yokhudza ma capacitor a parallel plate, mphamvu ya capacitor ya parallel plate yakambidwa, pomwe mbale ziwirizi zimalekanitsidwa ndi vacuum. Mphamvu ya capacitor mu vacuum ili ndi zoletsa, kotero kuti capacitance iwonjezere, dielectric imayikidwa pakati pa mbale ziwiri/mapepala a conductor.

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Tanthauzo la capacitor ya mbale yofanana

Kaputeni wa mbale yofanana ndi kaputeni wokhala ndi mbale ziwiri zofanana kapena mbale zoyendetsera magetsi, mbale iliyonse ili ndi malo ofanana (A) ndi mbale ziwiri zolekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wina (d), monga momwe zilili pachithunzi chakumanzere. Munkhaniyi, tiyerekeze kuti mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi zalekanitsidwa ndi vacuum. Pachithunzichi, mbale imodzi yoyendetsera magetsi ili ndi mphamvu yabwino (+Q) pomwe mbale ina yoyendetsera magetsi ili ndi mphamvu yoipa (-Q), komwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa mbale iliyonse kuli kofanana.

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Kumvetsetsa mphamvu

Galasi laling'ono limatha kusunga madzi pang'ono, pomwe galasi lalikulu limatha kusunga madzi ambiri. Galasi lalikulu limatha kusunga madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, galasi lililonse lili ndi mphamvu, kapena muyeso wa mphamvu yake yosungira madzi. Monga magalasi, ma capacitor alinso ndi mphamvu yosungira magetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Mphamvu ya capacitor, kapena muyeso wa mphamvu yake yosungira magetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, imatchedwa capacitance.

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Capacitor ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasunga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke . Capacitor yosavuta imakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi kapena mapepala omwe amayikidwa pafupi koma osakhudzana, olekanitsidwa ndi chosungira magetsi kapena vacuum. Kondakitala ndi chinthu chomwe chingathe kuyendetsa magetsi, monga chitsulo, pomwe chosungira magetsi ndi chinthu chomwe sichingathe kuyendetsa magetsi, monga pulasitiki.

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Pengertian

Mphamvu yamagetsi imafotokozedwa ngati mphamvu yothekera pa unit iliyonse ya mphamvu yamagetsi . Mwachitsanzo, pamene pa point a, charge q ili ndi mphamvu yothekera ya EP _a , ndiye kuti mphamvu yothekera pa point a imapangidwa motere:

Kufotokozera: V = mphamvu yamagetsi, EP = mphamvu yamagetsi, q = mphamvu yamagetsi.

V siili pamalo a okha komanso pamalo onse amagetsi . Mfundo a imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo. Monga momwe tidzafotokozera pambuyo pake, mtengo wake sudalira pa cholipiritsa q.

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Musanaphunzire nkhaniyi, choyamba mvetsetsani mfundo zokhudza fizikisi , mphamvu zosungira zinthu , mphamvu zamagetsi , lamulo la Coulomb ndi minda yamagetsi.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yosunga malamulo

Kupatula mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu ya masika, chitsanzo china cha mphamvu yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuti mumvetse bwino chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi imatchedwa mphamvu yosunga zinthu mwadongosolo, werengani kufotokozera uku.

Tiyerekeze kuti pali ma plate awiri odzaza ndi magetsi monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, plate yakumanzere ili ndi positive charge ndipo plate yakumanja ili ndi negative charge.n zoipa. Muvi pakati pa mbale zonse ziwiri ndi mizere yamagetsi yang kuchokera ku chaji yabwino kupita ku chaji yoyipa. Chaji yabwino ili pafupi ndi mbale yoyipa.

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Malo amagetsi chifukwa cha chaji imodzi

Kuwerengera munda wamagetsi Chopangidwa ndi mphamvu imodzi yokha, gawo loyamba ndikusankha pamwamba pa Gaussian wa radius r pomwe pakati pa mphamvuyo pali mphamvu imodzi yokha. Malo a pamwamba pa mphamvuyo ndi 4.r².

Mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera pakati pa mpira imalowa molunjika pamwamba pa mpira kotero kuti njira yamagetsi yosinthira magetsi ndi Φ = E A. Njira ya lamulo la Gauss ndi Φ = Q / ε _o

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili patali ndi r kuchokera pa chaji imodzi ndi iyi:

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