Ubwino wa Mabakiteriya pa Makampani
Makampani amakono nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi makina, ukadaulo wapamwamba, ndi njira zovuta. Komabe, pali chinthu chachilengedwe chofunikira komanso chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimaganiziridwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale: mabakiteriya. Mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe sitingathe kuona ndi maso, akhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mozama ubwino wa mabakiteriya m'mafakitale, kuphatikizapo chakudya ndi zakumwa, mankhwala, ulimi, ndi biotechnology.
Mabakiteriya mu Makampani Ogulitsa Zakudya ndi Zakumwa
Kuphika
Chimodzi mwa mapulogalamu Mabakiteriya odziwika bwino ali mu ndondomeko ya kuwiraKuphika ndi njira yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga mabakiteriya, timasinthira zinthu zachilengedwe kukhala zosavuta. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zakudya ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana.
Yogurt ndi Kefir
Mabakiteriya a lactic acid, monga Lactobacillus bulgaricus ndi Streptococcus thermophilus, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga yogurt. Mabakiteriya amenewa amasintha lactose kukhala lactic acid, zomwe zimapangitsa yogurt kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake komanso kukoma kwake. Kefir, chakumwa chodziwika bwino cha mkaka choviikidwa m'mbale, chimadaliranso kusakaniza kwa mabakiteriya a lactic acid ndi yisiti kuti chiviike.
Sauerkraut ndi Kimchi
Mabakiteriya a lactic acid, monga Leuconostoc mesenteroides ndi Lactobacillus plantarum, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga sauerkraut ndi kimchi. Njira yovundikira Izi sizimangopereka kukoma kwapadera komanso zimawonjezera nthawi yosungiramo zinthu komanso thanzi la chinthucho.
Mowa ndi Vinyo
Mu makampani opanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa, mabakiteriya a lactic acid nawonso amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malolactic fermentation, zomwe zimasintha lactic acid yakuthwa kukhala lactic acid yofatsa. Izi ndizofunikira popanga vinyo wofiira kuti akonze kukoma ndi kapangidwe kake.
Mabakiteriya mu Makampani Opanga Mankhwala
Kupanga Maantibayotiki
Mabakiteriya akhalanso gwero lalikulu la kupanga maantibayotiki, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha kapena kuletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Penicillin, mankhwala oyamba opha tizilombo omwe apezeka, adapangidwa ndi bowa la Penicillium, koma maantibayotiki ambiri amakono amachokera ku mabakiteriya a m'nthaka, monga Streptomyces. Mwachitsanzo, streptomycin, mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa chachikulu, amachokera ku bakiteriya la Streptomyces griseus.
Kupanga Mavitamini
Mabakiteriya nawonso amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mavitamini. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi kupanga vitamini B12 ndi mabakiteriya a Propionibacterium ndi Pseudomonas. Kupanga vitamini B12 m'ma microbiological ndi kothandiza komanso koteteza chilengedwe kuposa njira zamankhwala.
Kupanga kwa Enzyme
Ma enzyme ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ma enzyme ambiri ogulitsa, monga ma protease, ma amylase, ndi ma lipases, amapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Ma enzyme amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kupanga sopo mpaka zakudya ndi zakumwa.
Mabakiteriya mu Ulimi
Kukhazikitsa kwa nayitrogeni
Mabakiteriya a m'nthaka, monga Rhizobium, omwe amakhala mogwirizana ndi nyemba, amatha kukonza nayitrogeni kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikuisintha kukhala mtundu womwe zomera zingagwiritse ntchito. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chonde cha nthaka komanso ulimi wachilengedwe.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mabakiteriya amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti achepetse tizirombo ta m'minda. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha bakiteriya yomwe imapanga mapuloteni ophera tizilombo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo.
Kukonzanso zinthu m'thupi
Pankhani yaulimi, bioremediation imagwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya kuwononga zinthu zoipitsa nthaka ndi madzi. Mabakiteriya omwe amatha kuwononga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa nthaka yoipitsidwa, zomwe zimathandiza ulimi wokhazikika.
Mabakiteriya mu Biotechnology
Kupanga Mafuta a Zamoyo
Mabakiteriya amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mafuta achilengedwe monga bioethanol ndi biodiesel. Mabakiteriya monga Zymomonas mobilis amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga shuga kukhala ethanol. Mabakiteriyawa ali ndi ubwino kuposa yisiti chifukwa chakuti amalekerera kwambiri ethanol komanso amasinthasintha shuga bwino.
Kupanga Bioplastic
Mabakiteriya monga Ralstonia eutropha amatha kupanga ma bioplastics otchedwa polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). PHA ndi polima wowola womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa mapulasitiki wamba opangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta.
Chithandizo cha Majini
Mu zamankhwala, mabakiteriya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza majini. Mabakiteriya monga Agrobacterium tumefaciens amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zoikira majini ofunikira mu zomera. Ukadaulo uwu wathandiza kupanga mitundu ya zomera zomwe zimalimbana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda.
Mapeto
Mabakiteriya, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amaonedwa ngati chiwopsezo chifukwa cha mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kwenikweni ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali m'magawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale. Kuyambira kuwiritsa chakudya mpaka kupanga maantibayotiki, kuyambira kukhazikika kwa nayitrogeni mpaka mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabakiteriya amachita gawo losasinthika.
Mtsogolomu, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamoyo ndi ukadaulo wa majini, ntchito ya mabakiteriya m'mafakitale ikuyembekezeka kukula. Ukadaulo monga CRISPR-Cas9 umalola asayansi kusintha majini a mabakiteriya molondola kwambiri. Izi zimatsegula mwayi wopanga mitundu yatsopano ya mabakiteriya yokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.
Pothana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi chitetezo cha chakudya, njira zogwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya zimapereka mayankho okhazikika komanso atsopano. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tipitirize kuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mafakitale kuti tigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zonse za mabakiteriya pothandizira kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale ndi moyo wabwino wa anthu.
