Kumvetsetsa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Magetsi a Magetsi
Ma radiation amagetsi ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo. Kuyambira pa kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumathandizira moyo mpaka mafunde a wailesi omwe amalola kulumikizana kwakutali, ma radiation amagetsi amaphatikizapo zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma radiation amagetsi, mawonekedwe awo, ndi zitsanzo za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake.
1. Mafunde a wailesi
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Mafunde a wailesi ali ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kwakutali kwambiri mu electromagnetic spectrum, kuyambira pafupifupi milimita imodzi mpaka makilomita opitilira 100. Ma frequency awo amayambira pa 3 Hz mpaka 300 GHz.
Mapulogalamu:
Mafunde a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polankhulana opanda zingwe, kuphatikizapo wailesi ya AM ndi FM, wailesi yakanema, mafoni am'manja, makina a radar, ndi ma satellite. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito polankhulana ndi ndege ndi sitima komanso pa intaneti kudzera pa Wi-Fi.
Zotsatira:
Mafunde a wailesi nthawi zambiri sakhala oopsa kwa anthu chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zochepa. Komabe, kukhudzana kwambiri ndi ma frequency ena, monga ma electromagnetic fields ambiri ochokera ku radar, kungayambitse mavuto ena pa thanzi.
2. Ma microwave
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Ma microwave ali ndi ma frequency pakati pa 300 MHz ndi 300 GHz ndipo ma wavelengths amatha kuyambira milimita imodzi mpaka masentimita angapo.
Mapulogalamu:
Kupatula kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu uvuni wa microwave potenthetsera chakudya, ma microwave nawonso amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulankhulana kwa mafoni, monga kutumiza deta yam'manja, Wi-Fi, ndi ma satellite. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu radar pa ntchito zankhondo ndi nyengo.
Zotsatira:
Chimodzi mwa zotsatira zodziwika bwino za ma microwave ndi kuthekera kwawo kutentha minofu ya zamoyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma microwave ndi opambana kwambiri pakutenthetsa chakudya. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kumaletsa kuwala kumeneku kubweretsa chiopsezo kwa anthu.
3. Miyezo ya infrared
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Kuwala kwa infrared kuli pakati pa ma microwave ndi kuwala kooneka, ndi mafunde kuyambira pafupifupi 700 nanometers (nm) mpaka 1 millimeter (mm).
Mapulogalamu:
Kuwala kwa infrared kuli ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa remote control ndi thermal imaging mpaka masensa oyenda ndi kulumikizana kwa kuwala. Ukadaulo wa infrared umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zakuthambo pophunzira zinthu zakumwamba zozizira ndi zakutali.
Zotsatira:
Ma radiation a infrared, makamaka omwe ali ndi mafunde aatali (shortwave), amatha kutulutsa kutentha. Komabe, pa mphamvu yachibadwa komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ma radiation a infrared nthawi zambiri samakhala oopsa.
4. Kuwala Kooneka
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Kuwala kooneka ndi gawo la electromagnetic spectrum lomwe lingathe kuwonedwa ndi diso la munthu, ndi mafunde apakati pa 380 nm ndi 750 nm.
Mapulogalamu:
Kuwala kooneka n'kofunika kwambiri pa maso a anthu ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuunikira wamba mpaka ku fiber optics ndi ntchito zina zambiri zaukadaulo kuphatikizapo zowonetsera zamagetsi ndi ma projector.
Zotsatira:
Kuwala kooneka bwino n'kopindulitsa kwambiri koma kuwonetsedwa mopitirira muyeso, monga kuyang'ana dzuwa mwachindunji kapena kuwala kwa buluu kuchokera ku zikwangwani zamagetsi kwa nthawi yayitali, kungawononge maso.
5. Miyezo ya Ultraviolet
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kuli ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kochepa kuposa kuwala kooneka, kuyambira pafupifupi 10 nm mpaka 400 nm.
Mapulogalamu:
Kuwala kwa UV kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, phototherapy pa matenda enaake, komanso kusanthula mankhwala ndi zamoyo. UV imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale, monga kuchiritsa polima.
Zotsatira:
Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa UV, makamaka UV-B ndi UV-C, kungawononge DNA ndikuwononga khungu, monga kutentha ndi dzuwa komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya pakhungu. Komabe, UV imathandizanso thupi kupanga vitamini D wotetezeka.
6. X-ray
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Ma X-ray ali ndi mafunde apakati pa 0.01 nm ndi 10 nm ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Mapulogalamu:
Ma X-ray amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo azachipatala pojambula zithunzi, monga ma X-ray ozindikira matenda ndi ma CT scan. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani powunikira zotchingira komanso chitetezo cha eyapoti.
Zotsatira:
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri, kuwonetsedwa kwa X-ray kuyenera kulamulidwa mosamala chifukwa kumatha kuwononga maselo a anthu ndi DNA, zomwe zingayambitse khansa. Kugwiritsa ntchito X-ray mu zamankhwala nthawi zonse kumayendetsedwa bwino kuti kuchepetse zoopsazi.
7. Ma Rays a Gamma
Tanthauzo ndi Katundu:
Ma radiation a gamma ali ndi kutalika kwa mtunda waufupi kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zambiri zosakwana 0.01 nm.
Mapulogalamu:
Mazira a Gamma amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiotherapy, komanso m'mafakitale monga kusunga chakudya ndi kuyang'anira zinthu zosawononga. Amaphunziridwanso mu sayansi ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi cosmology.
Zotsatira:
Kuwonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa gamma n'koopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri, zomwe zingawononge kwambiri minofu ya zamoyo ndi DNA. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa gamma nthawi zonse kumayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti kupewe kufalikira kwambiri.
Kutseka
Ma radiation amagetsi amaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira mafunde a wailesi mpaka ma gamma ray, mtundu uliwonse umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri muukadaulo wamakono ndi sayansi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zotsatira ndi zoopsa za ma radiation awa ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse njira zotetezera powagwiritsa ntchito. Tikamvetsetsa bwino, titha kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amagetsi moyenera komanso mosamala m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo.
