Kapangidwe ka Chigiriki Chakale ndi Zipilala Zake
Kapangidwe ka nyumba zakale zachi Greek kakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndi kukongola kwake kosatha komanso luso lapadera laukadaulo, kapangidwe ka nyumba zachi Greek kalimbikitsa mibadwo yambiri ya akatswiri omanga nyumba padziko lonse lapansi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka nyumba zakale zachi Greek ndikugwiritsa ntchito mizati, yomwe siimangokhala ngati zinthu zomangira nyumba komanso zizindikiro za kukongola kwakukulu ndi nzeru za kapangidwe ka nyumba. Nkhaniyi ifufuza kukongola kwa kapangidwe ka nyumba zakale zachi Greek ndikufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito za mizati iyi.
Mbiri Yachidule ya Zomangamanga za Chigiriki
Ndi mbiri yakale kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 8 BC mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Aroma, zomangamanga zakale zachi Greek zimaphatikizapo kusakaniza kwangwiro kwa kukongola, mgwirizano, ndi magwiridwe antchito. Nthawi zomangamanga zachi Greek zitha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu akuluakulu: Zakale, Zakale, ndi Zachi Greek. Nthawi iliyonse mwa izi idapereka zopereka zapadera pakukulitsa luso la zomangamanga zachi Greek.
Mizati ngati Chinthu Chachikulu cha Kapangidwe ka Zomangamanga
Zipilala zinkagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa zomangamanga za Agiriki. Sizinkangothandiza nyumba zokha komanso zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zokongoletsera komanso zophiphiritsira. Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a mapangidwe a zipilala za Agiriki: Doric, Ionic, ndi Corinthian.
1. Dongosolo la Doric
Dongosolo la Doric ndilo lakale kwambiri komanso losavuta kwambiri mwa mitundu itatuyi. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a mizati ya Doric ndi maziko ake osakongoletsedwa, shaft yozungulira yokhala ndi flute yosaya, ndi likulu lozungulira losavuta. Mizati ya Doric imapereka chithunzi champhamvu komanso chachimuna. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha mizati yamtunduwu ndi Parthenon ku Atene. Yoperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Athena, Parthenon ikadali imodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za zomangamanga za Doric.
2. Dongosolo la Ionic
Dongosolo la Ionic lili ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso okongola kuposa Doric. Chinthu chosiyana ndi mizati ya Ionic ndi kupezeka kwa ma volute (mipukutu) pa likulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chithunzi chachikazi komanso chosangalatsa. Mizati iyi ilinso ndi maziko opangidwa ndi mabwalo angapo ndipo ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala kuposa mizati ya Doric. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha kugwiritsa ntchito mizati ya Ionic ndi Erechtheion ku Athens, yomwe ili ndi khonde la Caryatids, lomwe lili ndi ma caryatids (zifaniziro zachikazi) m'malo mwa mizati yokhazikika.
3. Dongosolo la Akorinto
Gulu la Akorinto ndilo lokongola kwambiri komanso lokongola kwambiri mwa atatuwa. Mitu yayikulu ya mipiringidzo ya Korinto imakongoletsedwa ndi masamba ovuta a acanthus ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zazikulu ndi nyumba zachifumu. Mipiringidzo ya Korinto imasonyeza kukongola ndi ulemerero, ndipo kalembedwe kameneka kankagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mapangidwe a zomangamanga a Aroma. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za zomangamanga za Korinto ndi Kachisi wa Zeus wa Olympian ku Atene, chomwe chimasonyeza kukongola ndi kukongola kosayerekezeka kwa zomangamanga zachi Greek.
Ntchito ndi Kufunika kwa Mizati ya Chigiriki pa Anthu
Mizati mu zomangamanga zachi Greek sinali yongogwira ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira zokha komanso inali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la chizindikiro komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mizati nthawi zambiri inkagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu, kukhazikika, ndi mgwirizano. Nthawi zambiri, akachisi ndi nyumba zina za anthu zomwe zinkagwiritsa ntchito zipilala ngati zinthu zawo zazikulu zinkagwira ntchito ngati malo ochitira zinthu zachikhalidwe ndi zachipembedzo, zomwe zinawapangitsa kukhala mboni chete za zochitika zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri.
Mphamvu ya Zipilala za Chigiriki mu Zomangamanga Zamakono
Mphamvu ya zomangamanga zachi Greek, makamaka chiphunzitso ndi kukongola kwa mizati yake, imamveka kwambiri m'mapangidwe amakono. Nyumba zambiri zofunika padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo nyumba za boma, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi mabungwe ophunzitsa, zagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a mizati yachi Greek kuti ziwonjezere ukulu ndi ulemerero wawo. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri ndi Chikumbutso cha Lincoln ku Washington, D.C., chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mizati ya Doric kuwonetsa kudzoza kuchokera ku zomangamanga zakale zachi Greek.
Chitukuko ndi Chisinthiko cha Zomangamanga za Chigiriki
Ngakhale kuti mizati ya Doric, Ionic, ndi Corinthian ndiyo yodziwika bwino, chitukuko cha zomangamanga zachi Greek sichinayime pa mapangidwe awa. Mu Greece yachi Greek, kupita patsogolo kwina mu zomangamanga kunachitika, kuphatikizapo zinthu zochokera ku zikhalidwe zina monga Igupto ndi Perisiya. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwatsopano mu mapangidwe a mizati yokongola komanso yokongola.
Ukadaulo ndi Uinjiniya wa Zomangamanga
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipilala mu zomangamanga zachi Greek kukuwonetsanso kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo ndi njira zomangira za nthawiyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamchere ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, pamodzi ndi kulondola kwa kukweza ndi kukhazikitsa zipilala, kukuwonetsa luso lapamwamba laukadaulo. Entasis, kupindika pang'ono kwa mipiringidzo ya zipilala kuti ipange chithunzi cha kuwongoka kwangwiro ikawonedwa patali, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zatsopano zaukadaulo zomwe zikuwonetsa kusamala ndi luso la akatswiri omanga nyumba achi Greek.
Mapeto
Kapangidwe ka Greek yakale, yokhala ndi mizati yake yokongola, sikunangokhala zothandizira zomangamanga zokha komanso kuwonetsa kukongola, mphamvu, ndi zizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Doric, Ionic, ndi Corinthian ndi mapangidwe atatu ofunikira omwe apulumuka mpaka lero ndipo akupitilizabe kulimbikitsa akatswiri omanga nyumba padziko lonse lapansi. Kudzera mu kusakaniza kwawo kosasunthika kwa ntchito ndi kukongola, kapangidwe ka Greek yakale kasiya cholowa chokhalitsa, kuwapanga kukhala zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri pakupanga ndi luso lomanga. Mwa kupitiriza kuphunzira ndikuyamikira kapangidwe ka Greek yakale, titha kuyamikira ukulu ndi kuzama kwa filosofi komwe kuli mkati mwa mizati ndi kapangidwe kake kalikonse.
