Njira Zofufuzira za Digito mu Kafukufuku wa Anthropological
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa digito kukusintha momwe anthu amalumikizirana, kumanga umunthu wawo, ndikupanga madera. Malo ochezera omwe kale ankapezeka makamaka maso ndi maso—monga misika, maholo a m'midzi, malo olambirira, kapena masukulu—tsopano ali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi za digito: magulu a WhatsApp, ma forum a pa intaneti, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, masewera a pa intaneti, komanso nsanja zogawana makanema. Kusintha kumeneku kumafuna kuti maphunziro a anthu akule. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndi digito ethnography, njira yomwe imayika machitidwe a anthu m'malo a digito ngati zinthu zophunzirira komanso malo ofufuzira.
Kujambula zithunzi pa intaneti sikuti ndi kungoyang'ana malo ochezera a pa Intaneti okha. Ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu akale—chomwe chimagogomezera kutenga nawo mbali kwa ofufuza, kuyang'ana ophunzira, ndi kutanthauzira kuchokera pamalingaliro a wochita sewero—kutengera momwe zinthu zilili pa moyo wothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo. Chomwe chimaphunziridwa si zolemba kapena zolemba zokha, komanso maubwenzi, miyambo, malingaliro, mikangano, momwe munthu amadziyimira yekha, komanso zomangamanga zomwe zimapanga zochitika za anthu.
Kumvetsetsa Ethnography ya Digito: Malingaliro ndi Kukula
Kawirikawiri, digito ethnography ndi njira yofufuzira yodziwika bwino yomwe imaphunzira chikhalidwe, machitidwe, ndi matanthauzo a anthu omwe amapezeka kudzera muukadaulo wa digito. "Digital" pano imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana: malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, malo ochezera, magulu a ma forum, mapulogalamu ochezera, chuma cha opanga, ma fandom, komanso malo ogwirira ntchito akutali. Pa maphunziro a anthu, digito ethnography ndi yofunika chifukwa imathandiza kuyankha mafunso okhudza momwe anthu amamangira "mgwirizano" popanda kukhalapo kwenikweni, momwe ulamuliro wa anthu umasinthira m'magulu a pa intaneti, komanso momwe anthu amadziwikirana kudzera m'ma profiles, zithunzi, ndemanga, ndi zotsatira za deta.
Kuphatikiza apo, malire pakati pa maiko "a pa intaneti" ndi "osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti" akuchulukirachulukira. Machitidwe ambiri a pa intaneti amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku: kugula zinthu zofunika, kukonza zochita za anthu, maphunziro, komanso miyambo yachipembedzo. Chifukwa chake, ethnography ya pa intaneti nthawi zambiri imapitirira pazenera, koma imafufuza kulumikizana kwake ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ofufuza amatha kuphatikiza zomwe akuwona pa intaneti ndi mafunso, maulendo opita kumunda, kapena zolemba kuti apange chithunzi chokwanira.
Makhalidwe Aakulu a Njira Zojambulira Zithunzi Za digito
Pali makhalidwe angapo omwe amasiyanitsa ethnography ya digito ndi ethnography yachikhalidwe kapena kusanthula kwa media wamba.
Choyamba, kafukufuku wozikidwa pa nsanja. Nsanja iliyonse ili ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana, ma algorithms, mawonekedwe, ndi zikhalidwe zolumikizirana. Anthu amachita zinthu mosiyana pa Instagram kuposa momwe amachitira pa TikTok, X, Reddit, kapena Discord. Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ayenera kumvetsetsa "kapangidwe ka nsanja": zomwe zikuwoneka, zomwe zabisika, momwe zomwe zili mkati zimalimbikitsidwira, komanso momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amasinthira malamulo amenewo.
Chachiwiri, deta ndi chizindikiro cha digito. Kuyanjana m'malo a digito nthawi zambiri kumasiya zolemba: macheza, ndemanga, zolemba, zochita, ndi ziwerengero. Izi zimapereka mwayi wofufuza machitidwe a anthu mwatsatanetsatane, komanso zimadzetsa mavuto akulu azachikhalidwe chifukwa zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala ndi chidziwitso chachinsinsi.
Chachitatu, kupezeka kwa wofufuzayo kumatha kusiyana. Mu kafukufuku wakale wa anthu, wofufuzayo amapezeka ngati "wakunja" wokhala m'dera linalake. Mu kafukufuku wa anthu wa digito, wofufuzayo akhoza kukhala ngati wowonera wosachitapo kanthu, membala wa m'dera, kapena wochita nawo mbali—kutengera kapangidwe ka kafukufuku, chilolezo cha wochita nawo, ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Chachinayi, kayendetsedwe ka anthu m'madera kamasintha mofulumira kwambiri. Madera a digito amatha kukula, kugawikana, kapena kusamukira ku mapulatifomu ena m'kanthawi kochepa. Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ayenera kukhala osinthasintha komanso osinthika, pomwe akusunga zolemba zonse.
Masitepe Okhazikitsa Ethnography Yapaintaneti
Ngakhale kuti palibe chitsanzo chimodzi chokhazikika, digito ethnography nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo otsatirawa:
1. Pangani mafunso ndikusankha malo a digito
Ofufuza amayamba ndi mafunso omveka bwino okhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, mwachitsanzo: Kodi magulu a anthu okonda K-pop amapanga bwanji mgwirizano ndi ulamuliro? Kodi amalonda ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji malonda amoyo kuti amange chidaliro? Kodi kudziwika kwachipembedzo kumakambidwa bwanji m'magulu ammudzi?
"Malo" mu digito ethnography akhoza kukhala gulu limodzi lochezera, hashtag imodzi, forum imodzi, njira imodzi ya anthu ammudzi, kapena nsanja zosiyanasiyana. Kusankha malo kuyenera kuganizira kufunika, mwayi wopeza, ndi chitetezo.
2. Kujambula anthu ochita sewero, malamulo, ndi kayimbidwe ka kuyanjana
Ofufuza amachita maphunziro oyamba: omwe ochita sewerowo ndi ndani, kapangidwe ka maudindo awo ndi otani (oyang'anira, oyang'anira, mamembala omwe alipo, mamembala atsopano), malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito, komanso nthawi yomwe ntchitoyo imafika pachimake. Kujambula kumeneku kumathandiza ofufuza kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika asanaganize za tanthauzo la chochitika chimodzi kapena positi.
3. Kuwona kwa ophunzira ndi zolemba za m'munda
Kuyang'anira ophunzira pa nkhani ya digito kungaphatikizepo kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana, kutsatira mawayilesi amoyo, kupita ku zochitika pa intaneti, kapena kungoyang'ana momwe zokambirana zikuyendera. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amalemba zolemba zomwe zimalemba nthawi zofunika, mikangano, nthabwala zamkati, kusintha kwa chilankhulo, zizindikiro, ndi malingaliro a wofufuzayo.
4. Mafunso ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi anthu ambiri
Kuti amvetsetse bwino, ofufuza amatha kuchita mafunso pa intaneti (kudzera pa macheza kapena mafoni apakanema) ndi anthu ammudzi. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuyankha mafunso okhudza zolinga, malingaliro, ndi kutanthauzira komwe sikumawonekera nthawi zonse kuchokera kuzinthu za digito. Maphunziro ambiri amaphatikizanso ethnography ya digito ndi zomwe anthu amawona pa intaneti, chifukwa machitidwe omwe amawonetsedwa pazenera nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, mabanja, ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
5. Kusanthula, kutanthauzira, ndi kutsimikizira
Kusanthula ndi kotanthauzira: ofufuza amatanthauzira machitidwe a anthu ndi matanthauzo kuchokera ku deta yosonkhanitsidwa. Kuti atsimikizire kulondola, ofufuza amatha kugawa magawo atatu (kuyerekeza magwero a deta), kufufuza mamembala (kutsimikizira zomwe zapezeka ndi ophunzira), kapena kuyerekeza momwe zinthu zilili pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe Ofufuza mu Ethnography ya Digito
Nkhani za makhalidwe abwino ndizofunikira kwambiri pa nkhani ya anthu pa intaneti. Ngakhale kuti zambiri ndi za anthu onse, sizikutanthauza kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kuganizira. Ofufuza ayenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo: kodi ophunzirawo akumvetsa kuti malowa akuyang'aniridwa? Kodi pali chiopsezo cha kunyozedwa, kuzunzidwa, kapena zotsatirapo za anthu ngati zidutswa zalembedwa? Kodi gulu lomwe likukambidwalo ndi losatetezeka (monga anthu ochepa, madera otsekedwa, ozunzidwa, kapena ogwira ntchito osavomerezeka)?
Mfundo zofunika kwambiri zikuphatikizapo chilolezo chodziwitsidwa, chitetezo cha umwini (kusadziwitsa), kusungidwa bwino kwa deta, ndi kuwonekera poyera za udindo wa wofufuzayo. Nthawi zina, ofufuza angafunike kusintha mawu, kubisa tsatanetsatane, kapena kupempha chilolezo china asanawonetse zithunzi. Makhalidwe abwino amaphatikizaponso kuganizira za malo a wofufuzayo: ngati kukhalapo kwake kumasintha momwe anthu ammudzi amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe amayendetsera ubale wawo ndi mphamvu.
Ubwino ndi Zofooka za Digital Ethnography
Kujambula zithunzi pa intaneti kumapereka ubwino waukulu: mwayi wopeza anthu m'madera osiyanasiyana, zizindikiro zambiri za kuyanjana, komanso kuthekera kowona machitidwe a anthu omwe nthawi zambiri samawonekera poyankhulana mwalamulo. Njirayi ndi yofunikanso pophunzira zochitika zamakono monga chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka, ndale za hashtag, chuma cha gig, ndi miyambo ya pa intaneti.
Komabe, pali zoletsa zomwe ziyenera kuvomerezedwa. Choyamba, ofufuza angataye nkhani yosalankhula, zochitika zakuthupi, ndi maubwenzi kunja kwa nsanja. Chachiwiri, ma algorithms a nsanja amatha kukhudza zomwe ofufuza amawona, kotero "zenizeni" zomwe zawonedwa sizili zopanda tsankho konse. Chachitatu, madera a digito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo achinsinsi - mwachitsanzo, zokambirana mu DM - zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza popanda chilolezo. Chachinayi, kuchuluka kwa deta kungakhale kwakukulu, zomwe zimafuna ofufuza kuti azisankha komanso azitsatira dongosolo kuti atsimikizire kuti kusanthulako kumakhalabe kozama, m'malo mongofotokoza chabe.
Kutseka
Kujambula zithunzi za digito kumakulitsa malingaliro a anthu kuti amvetsetse moyo wa anthu womwe umalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi ukadaulo. Mwa kuphatikiza kuyang'ana kwa ophunzira, kuyankhulana, kusinkhasinkha mozama, komanso chidwi chachikulu pa makhalidwe abwino, kujambula zithunzi za digito kumathandiza ofufuza kuti amvetse momwe chikhalidwe chamakono chimakhalira: momwe tanthauzo limamangidwira kudzera m'makalata, momwe madera amapangidwira kudzera mu ma algorithms, komanso momwe anthu amadziwikirana m'malo omwe nthawi imodzi amakhala odziwika komanso achinsinsi. Pakati pa kusintha kwachangu kwa chikhalidwe, kujambula zithunzi za digito sikuti ndi njira yokhayo yosankha, koma ndikofunikira kuti anthu amvetsetse bwino za anthu omwe ali m'nthawi ya digito.
