Anthropology ya Bizinesi ndi Ethnography ya Mafakitale
Anthropology monga gawo la maphunziro a zaumunthu yakhala ikukula kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Gawo limodzi lomwe likutchuka kwambiri ndi anthropology yazamalonda. Nkhaniyi ifufuza bwino lomwe anthropology yazamalonda ndi ethnography yazamalonda, chifukwa chake ndizofunikira, komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana amalonda.
Kodi Bizinesi Anthropology ndi chiyani?
Anthropology ya bizinesi ndi nthambi ya anthropology yomwe imaphunzira machitidwe a bizinesi ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito mkati mwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kawirikawiri, anthropology ya bizinesi imagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi malingaliro a anthropology kuti iwunike ndikumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zimachitikira mkati mwa bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wa anthropology ya bizinesi angayang'ane momwe mfundo zina, miyambo, ndi zikhulupiriro zimakhudzira khalidwe la ogula kapena antchito mkati mwa kampani.
Anthropology ya bizinesi imapereka chidziwitso pa zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimaganiziridwa pofufuza mwachizolowezi, monga miyambo, zizindikiro, ndi miyambo mkati mwa bungwe. Kudzera mu kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha makampani ndi machitidwe a anthu, mabizinesi amatha kupanga njira zothandiza komanso zokhazikika.
Kodi Ethnography ya Mafakitale N'chiyani?
Kufufuza za chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mafakitale ndi gawo laling'ono la maphunziro a anthu lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri pa kuphunzira ntchito ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'mafakitale. Kufufuza za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi njira yofufuzira yowunikira chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe a gulu kudzera mukuwona mwachindunji ndi kuyanjana nawo.
Mu kafukufuku wa mafuko a mafakitale, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali pantchito, akucheza mwachindunji ndi ogwira ntchito ndi anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali mumakampani. Amawona ndikusanthula zochita, kuyanjana, ndi zizindikiro zomwe zikupezeka pantchito. Izi zimawathandiza kupereka chidziwitso chakuya komanso chokwanira cha momwe zinthu zilili patsogolo pamakampani.
Kufunika kwa Anthropology ya Bizinesi ndi Ethnography ya Mafakitale
1. Kupanga Zisankho Zophatikizapo Zonse komanso Zochokera ku Umboni
Madera awiriwa amathandiza makampani kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino komanso zophatikiza anthu onse. Mwa kusonkhanitsa deta yochuluka komanso yatsatanetsatane kudzera mu njira zowerengera anthu, makampani amatha kumvetsetsa bwino zosowa ndi zokhumba za antchito awo ndi ogula. Izi zingayambitse kupanga zinthu kapena ntchito zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi zosowa zamsika.
2. Kukweza Ubwino wa Ubale Wogwira Ntchito
Kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zilili pa ntchito kumathandiza makampani kupanga malo abwino kwa antchito awo. Nkhani monga kusamvana pakati pa oyang'anira ndi ogwira ntchito, kapena mikangano pakati pa antchito, zitha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndikuthetsedwa kudzera mu njira yowunikira mafuko.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa Zatsopano
Anthropology ya bizinesi ndi ethnography ya mafakitale zimathandizanso kwambiri pakulimbikitsa luso latsopano. Mwa kumvetsetsa zosowa ndi mavuto a ogula, komanso momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito mkati, mabizinesi amatha kupanga njira zatsopano komanso zatsopano. Chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamunda chingalimbikitse malingaliro atsopano omwe mwina sanaganizidwepo kale.
4. Chuma cha Malingaliro
Kudzera mu maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu, makampani amatha kumvetsetsa momwe zikhalidwe ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana zimakhudzira kuyanjana ndi zomwe antchito ndi ogula amachita komanso zomwe amayembekezera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri munthawi ya kufalikira kwa dziko lonse lapansi, komwe mabizinesi ayenera kugwira ntchito ndikupikisana m'malo osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe.
Phunziro la Nkhani: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ethnography mu Bizinesi
1. Intel Corporation: Kafukufuku wa Ogula
Intel Corporation ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha kampani yomwe yakhazikitsa bwino njira zofufuzira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za mafakitale. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti amvetse momwe zinthu zawo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa ogula. Mwa kulowa mwachindunji m'munda ndikuwona zomwe ogula amachita, Intel imatha kusintha zinthu zawo molunjika komanso mwatsopano.
2. Starbucks: Chidziwitso cha Makasitomala
Starbucks imagwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira za anthu popanga zochitika zapadera komanso zokomera makasitomala m'masitolo ake onse. Kudzera mu kuyankhulana mozama, kuwona zinthu, ndi kusanthula chikhalidwe cha anthu, nthawi zonse amapanga malo ogulitsira zinthu zosangalatsa komanso utumiki wokhutiritsa, mogwirizana ndi zomwe makasitomala amayembekezera komanso zomwe amakonda.
3. Google: Kusiyanasiyana ndi Kuphatikizana
Google imagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa mafuko kuti ilimbikitse kusiyanasiyana ndi kuphatikizidwa kuntchito. Pomvetsetsa momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito komanso zosowa za magulu osiyanasiyana a antchito, amatha kupanga mfundo zogwira mtima komanso zophatikiza anthu. Kujambula mafuko kumawathandiza kumvetsetsa mavuto omwe antchito ochokera m'mafuko osiyanasiyana angakumane nawo.
Njira Zofufuzira mu Ethnography ya Zamalonda
1. Kuyang'anitsitsa Ophunzira
Mu njira imeneyi, ofufuza amachita nawo mwachindunji zochitika zomwe akuphunzira. Sikuti amangoyang'ana komanso amachita nawo zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za chilengedwe chomwe akuphunzira. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza angagwire ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira ntchito m'fakitale kuti amvetse bwino momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
2. Kuyankhulana Mozama
Mafunso ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa mafuko. Amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira yosakonzedwa bwino mpaka yosakonzedwa bwino. Cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa bwino malingaliro ndi zokumana nazo za munthu payekha m'malo ogwirira ntchito.
3. Kusanthula Zinthu Zakale
Chida chopangidwa ndi munthu ndi chinthu chilichonse chopangidwa ndi anthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu ethnography ya mafakitale, zinthu zakale zitha kuphatikizapo zida zogwirira ntchito, zovala zogwirira ntchito, zolemba, ndi zina zotero. Kusanthula zinthu zakale kungapereke chidziwitso pa chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe antchito omwe alipo mumakampani.
4. Phunziro la Nkhani
Njira yophunzirira nkhani imaphatikizapo kufufuza mozama pa chitsanzo chimodzi kapena zingapo zenizeni. Kafukufuku wa nkhani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ethnography yamafakitale kuti amvetse bwino chochitika china chake. Njirayi imalola ofufuza kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zofufuzira monga kuwona, kuyankhulana, ndi kusanthula zinthu zakale.
Mavuto mu Ethnography ya Mafakitale
Ngakhale kuti ethnography ili ndi ubwino wambiri, palinso zovuta zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa:
1. Nthawi ndi Zinthu Zofunikira
Kufufuza mitundu ya anthu m'mafakitale kumafuna nthawi ndi zinthu zambiri. Ofufuza ayenera kuthera nthawi yambiri m'munda kuti asonkhanitse deta yakuya. Izi nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta chifukwa cha bajeti ndi nthawi yochepa.
2. Tsankho la Wofufuza
Monga kafukufuku wina uliwonse, kafukufuku wa anthu akhoza kukhala ndi tsankho chifukwa cha kafukufuku. Ndikofunikira kuti ofufuza adziwe tsankho lawo ndikuyesetsa kukhalabe osamala panthawi yonse yofufuza.
3. Kutsimikizika ndi Kudalirika
Chifukwa cha khalidwe lake, deta ya anthu nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuiyeza moyenera. Kutsimikizika ndi kudalirika kwa zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi nkhani zofunika kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotsimikizira deta.
Mapeto
Kuphunzira za chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mabizinesi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mafakitale kumathandiza kwambiri makampani kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili pa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso chikhalidwe chawo m'mabizinesi. Ndi njira yokwanira komanso yozama, magawo awiriwa angapereke chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe chingathandize makampani kupanga njira zothandiza, zatsopano, komanso zophatikiza anthu onse. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kumafuna nthawi ndi zinthu zokwanira, komanso kuyang'anitsitsa tsankho ndi zovuta zina. Kumvetsetsa bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mabizinesi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mafakitale kudzabweretsa phindu la nthawi yayitali kwa makampani omwe akukumana ndi malo ovuta komanso opikisana kwambiri m'mabizinesi.
