# Pūnaha Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Amiorangi
## Kupu Whakataki
I tēnei wā o te ao whānui, he mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i te oranga o ia rā. Nā te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere, pono, ā-ao whānui kua puta ai ngā auahatanga maha i roto i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ko tētahi o ngā whanaketanga nui ko te whakamahinga o ngā amiorangi mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. He mea nui te mahi a ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi hei whakarite kia noho hono tonu tātou, ahakoa i ngā wāhi e uaua ana ki te tae atu mā te hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuku iho. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga he aha ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi, me pēhea te mahi, ā rātou tono, me ō rātou painga me ngā wero.
## Whakamāramatanga me te Hītori
Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi he tikanga tuku kōrero mā te whakamahi i ngā amiorangi e huri haere ana i te Ao. Ko ēnei kōrero, he reo, he whakaahua, he tuhinga rānei, ka tukuna mai i tētahi teihana whenua ki tētahi amiorangi, kātahi ki tētahi atu teihana whenua i tētahi atu wāhi. I te tau 1945, i whakaarohia tuatahitia te ariā taketake e te kaituhi pūtaiao pakiwaitara a Arthur C. Clarke. I whakaarohia e ia te awhi whenua-tūturu mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ao. Heoi, kāore i tino whakatinanahia tēnei hangarau tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1960 me te whakarewatanga o ngā amiorangi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuatahi, e mōhiotia ana ko Echo-1 me Telstar.
## Ngā Momo Amiorangi Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
He maha ngā momo amiorangi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, i runga i te teitei me te momo porowhita. Ko ngā mea e rua e tino kitea ana ko:
1. Ngā Amiorangi Whenua Tūmau (GEO): Ka porowhita ēnei amiorangi i te Ao i te teitei o te 35.786 kiromita i runga ake i te ekueta. Ka mau tonu ngā amiorangi GEO i tētahi tūranga pumau e pā ana ki te mata o te Ao, ā, ka āhua tū tonu mai i tētahi pūwāhi tirotiro i runga i te Ao. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka pai ai rātou mō ngā tono pēnei i te pouaka whakaata amiorangi me ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero waea.
2. Ngā Amiorangi Āmiorangi Papa-Iho (LEO): Ka mahi ēnei amiorangi i ngā āmiorangi e tata atu ana ki te Ao, i waenganui i te 500 me te 2.000 kiromita te tawhiti. Ka tere ake te neke o ngā amiorangi LEO, ā, me whai huinga amiorangi hei whakarato i te kapinga tonu o te ao. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā tono ko te ipurangi amiorangi me te whakatere amiorangi.
3. Ngā Amiorangi Āmiorangi Waenga (MEO): Kei waenganui i ngā āmiorangi LEO me GEO ēnei amiorangi, i ngā teitei o te 8.000 ki te 20.000 kiromita. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana ēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha whakatere ā-ao pēnei i te GPS.
## Te Mahi a ngā Pūnaha Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Amiorangi
He maha ngā wāhanga matua o ia pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi: te amiorangi tonu, he teihana whenua tuku, me te teihana whenua whiwhi. Ko te tukanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi e whai ake nei:
1. Te Tuku Tohu: Ka tukuna ngā mōhiohio i roto i te āhua o ngā tohu reo irirangi mai i tētahi teihana whenua e tuku ana ki tētahi amiorangi e porowhita ana. E kiia ana tēnei tukanga he hononga-runga.
2. Te Whakarei me te Whakarite Auautanga: Ka whiwhi te amiorangi i tēnei tohu, ka whakarei, kātahi ka neke ki tētahi atu auautanga hei karo i te pokanoa ki te tohu hononga-ake taketake.
3. Tuku Anō i te Tohu: Kātahi ka tukuna te tohu kua whakanuia, kua whakatikatikaina te auau ki te Ao, ki te teihana whenua e whiwhi ana. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tukanga ko te hononga iho.
4. Te Wetewaehere me te Tohatoha: I te teihana whenua e whiwhi ana, ka wetewaeherehia te tohu, kātahi ka tohatohahia ki te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rohe, pērā i te whatunga waea, te ipurangi rānei.
## Ngā tono me ngā painga
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi i roto i te ao hou, tae atu ki:
1. Pouaka Whakaata Amiorangi: Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga rongonui o ngā amiorangi ko te pāpāho pouaka whakaata. Ka whakamahia e ngā whatunga pēnei i a DirecTV me Dish Network ngā amiorangi tū-ā-whenua hei pāpāho i ngā mano tini o ngā hongere pouaka whakaata ki ngā kāinga huri noa i te ao.
2. Waea Amiorangi: I ngā wāhi tūmatanui kāore e wātea ana ngā whatunga waea noa, ka tukuna e ngā waea amiorangi he otinga pono. Ka tukuna tēnei ratonga e ngā whatunga pēnei i a Iridium me Inmarsat.
3. Ipurangi Amiorangi: Ko ētahi wāhi tūmatanui kāore e wātea ana ngā taura muka whatu, ngā hanganga whānui tuku iho rānei, ka taea te whakawhirinaki ki te ipurangi amiorangi. Kei te whai ngā kamupene pēnei i a Starlink a SpaceX ki te whakarato i te ipurangi amiorangi tere-tere puta noa i te ao.
4. Whakatere me te GPS: Ko ngā pūnaha whakatere pēnei i te GPS, GLONASS, me Galileo e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā amiorangi e porowhita ana i ngā porowhita whenua-waenga hei whakarato raraunga tauwāhi tika ki ngā taputapu kaiwhakamahi huri noa i te ao.
5. Pāhotanga Reo Irirangi: Ka whakamahia hoki ngā amiorangi hei pāho i te reo irirangi amiorangi, e āhei ai te pāhotanga reo irirangi kounga teitei puta noa i ngā rohe whānui me te kore e pokanoa.
6. Te Ope Taua me te Kāwanatanga: Ka whakamahia e te ope taua me te kāwanatanga ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero haumaru me te pono i te wā e mahi ana, inā koa i ngā rohe tūmatanui, i ngā rohe pakanga rānei.
## Ngā Painga me ngā Wero
### Te taikaha
1. Te horapa o te ao whānui: Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi te toro atu ki ngā kokonga katoa o te ao, tae atu ki ngā wāhi kāore i te whai hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuku iho.
2. Pono: Ka taea e ngā amiorangi te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, ā, kāore e pāngia ngāwari e ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i ngā rū whenua, i ngā waipuke rānei ka kino pea ngā hanganga whenua.
3. Tere Tere: Ko ētahi ratonga pēnei i a Starlink e tuku ana i te ipurangi amiorangi tere-teitei hei āwhina i te whakakī i te aputa matihiko i ngā wāhi taiwhenua me ngā wāhi tūmatanui.
### Wero
1. Ngā Utu Teitei: Ko te whakarewatanga me te pupuri i ngā amiorangi ki te ara iahiko e hiahiatia ana he haumitanga nui, e pā ana ki ngā utu tīmatanga me ngā utu whakahaere.
2. Whakaroa: Ka roa ake te whakaroa o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga kōrero amiorangi, inā koa me ngā amiorangi whenua-tūturu, ki te whakataurite ki ngā whatunga whenua, ka taea te whakararuraru i ngā tono tairongo-wā pēnei i ngā kēmu ataata ipurangi.
3. Ngā Uauatanga Hangarau: Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakarite kia taea e ngā amiorangi te mahi pono mō ngā tau maha i roto i te taiao uaua o te wāhi. Me whakarite e ngā kamupene he tino pono, he pakari hoki ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e rātou.
4. Te Whakararuraru: Me tohatoha e ngā amiorangi he auau iti ki te maha atu o ngā ratonga, ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru me te whakaiti i te kounga o te ratonga.
## Whakamutunga
Kua noho ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi hei pou nui mō ngā hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o ēnei rā. Ahakoa he nui ngā wero, ko ō rātou painga ki te kapinga, te pono, me te ngāwari e mea ana hei wāhanga nui o te hono i tō tātou ao. Mai i te mātakitaki pouaka whakaata i te kāinga ki te whakarato urunga ipurangi ki ngā wāhi tūmatanui, ka āwhina ngā amiorangi ki te wikitoria i ngā arai o te ao me te whakatata i a tātou. Ko te auaha tonu i tēnei wāhanga e tohu ana hoki he kanapa te heke mai o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi, e whakarato ana i ētahi atu otinga ki a tātou mō ā tātou hiahia whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whanake tonu ana.
