Te Hiranga o te Taumahatanga Whatunga
He ariā nui te taupū whatunga i roto i te ao hangarau mōhiohio me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou he aha te taupū whatunga he wāhanga nui i roto i te hoahoa whatunga rorohiko, ōna painga, me ētahi huarahi me ngā tikanga hei whakatinana.
He aha te Taumahatanga Whatunga?
Ko te taupū whatunga e pā ana ki te tāpiri i ētahi atu huānga ki te whatunga rorohiko hei whakarite kia haere tonu te mahi ahakoa ka rahua tētahi wāhanga motuhake. Ko te whāinga matua o te taupū whatunga ko te whakapai ake i te pono me te wātea o te whatunga. Mā te taupū ka taea e te whatunga te haere tonu te mahi ahakoa ka rahua tētahi wāhanga.
He aha te hiranga o te taupūtanga whatunga?
1. Whakanuia te Wātea Whatunga
Ko te wātea o te whatunga te ōrau o te wā e taea ai te uru atu me te whakamahi i tētahi whatunga me te kore e motuhia. Mā te auau o te whatunga ka taea e tētahi atu wāhanga te whakahaere, ā, ka noho tonu te whatunga hei mahi. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā pakihi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wātea o te whatunga, pērā i te peeke, te hokohoko ipurangi, me ētahi atu ratonga ipurangi.
2. Whakaitihia te Wā Whakamutu
Ka taea e te wā kore mahi o te whatunga te whakararu i te pūtea me te kino ki te ingoa o te kamupene. Mā te whakamahi i te taurua whatunga ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te wā kore mahi nā te mea he huarahi kē atu kei te whatunga hei whakahaere tonu mēnā ka rahua tetahi wāhanga.
3. Te Haumarutanga Raraunga me te Mōhiohio
Ehara i te mea ko te pūmārō anake te take o te tāruarua, engari ko ngā raraunga me ngā mōhiohio anō hoki. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha rokiroki raraunga tāruarua pērā i te RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), ka taea te penapena raraunga ki ngā wāhi maha i te wā kotahi. Mēnā ka rahua tētahi kōpae, ka taea tonu te uru atu ki ngā raraunga mai i ētahi atu kōpae, ā, ka mau tonu te haumarutanga me te pono o ngā raraunga.
4. Whakangāwari i te Tukanga Whakaora
Ina puta he rahunga whatunga, ka roa pea te wā, ka nui hoki ngā rauemi e pau ana i te tukanga whakaora. Mā te whakamahi anō i te whatunga ka māmā ake te tukanga whakaora nā te mea ka taea e te pūnaha te huri aunoa ki tētahi ara tārua me te kore e hiahiatia he wawaotanga ā-ringa.
5. Whakanuia te Tauine
Ka āwhina hoki te taurite whatunga ki te whakapai ake i te tauine o te whatunga. I te tipu haere o te whatunga, ka taea te tāpiri i ētahi atu wāhanga me te kore e whakararuraru i ngā mahi e haere tonu ana nā te mea kua wātea kē ngā ara rerekē hei whakaiti i te kawenga i runga i te ara matua.
Ngā Tikanga Whakatinanatanga Tauwhāiti Whatunga
He maha ngā huarahi hei whakatinana i te taupū whatunga, tae atu ki:
1. Te Taurite o te Ara
Ka whakapai ake te auautanga o te ara i te pono o te whatunga mā te whakarato i ngā ara rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i te Whatunga Rohe Whānui (WAN), ka taea te whakamahi i te MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) hei hanga ara maha kia taea ai te tuku raraunga ki tētahi atu ara mēnā ka rahua tētahi ara.
2. Te Whakakorenga o ngā Taputapu
Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tārua pēnei i ngā pouara, ngā pana, me ngā tūmau tāpiri ka āwhina i te ārai i te rahunga katoa mēnā ka pāngia tētahi taputapu e te raruraru. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakarōpū me te rahunga i roto i tēnei horopaki.
3. Te Whakakorenga Raraunga
Hei momo tāruarua i te taumata raraunga, ko te RAID me te tārua pūnaha ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Mā te RAID ka taea te penapena raraunga haumaru ake puta noa i ngā kōpae maha, engari mā te tārua auau ka noho haumaru tonu ngā raraunga mēnā ka ngaro, ka pakaru rānei.
4. Te Whakakorenga Ratonga
Ko te whakamahinga o te rorohiko kapua he tauira o te tauutuutu ratonga. He maha ngā pokapū raraunga a ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga kapua e horapa ana puta noa i ngā wāhi maha. Mena ka pāngia tētahi pokapū raraunga e te motuhanga, ka taea te tuku anō i ngā ratonga ki tētahi atu me te kore e whakararu i te mahi a te kaiwhakamahi.
5. Te Whakahāngaitanga o te Kawa Whatunga
Ka tautokohia hoki e ētahi kawa whatunga te tāruarua; hei tauira, ka taea e te OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) me te BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) te kimi huarahi kē atu mēnā kāore e taea te whakarite kia taea tonu te tuku raraunga.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Whakatinanatanga o te Whatunga Taumaha
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te whakamahi i te whatunga hou, he maha ngā wero ka pā mai i te whakatinanatanga, tae atu ki:
1. Te Uauatanga o te Hoahoa
He uaua ake ngā wero hoahoa ina tāpirihia ngā huānga tāruarua. Me whirihora ia wāhanga kia mahi tahi me te ara tārua, me te taputapu rānei, me āta whakamahere me te whakatinana.
2. Te utu
Ko te whakatinanatanga o te taupua whatunga me whai haumitanga tāpiri ki ngā taputapu, pūmanawa, me ngā rauemi tangata. Nō reira, me whakahaere e ngā kamupene he tātaritanga utu-painga kia rite ai tēnei haumitanga ki ngā painga.
3. Te Whakahaere me te Aroturuki
Nā te maha o ngā ara tārua me ngā taputapu, ka uaua haere te whakahaere me te aroturuki whatunga. He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā taputapu aroturuki whatunga matatau me tētahi tīma whakangungu kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha.
4. Pānga ki te Mahi
Ka pāngia hoki te mahi a te whatunga e te tāpiri i ngā huānga tāpiripiri. Ki te kore e whirihorahia tika, ka taea e ngā ara tāpiripiri te whakaroa, te kore pumau rānei i roto i te whatunga.
5. Te Whakaurunga ki ngā Pūnaha o nāianei
Me āta whakatikatika te whakaurunga o te tāruarua ki roto i tētahi pūnaha o nāianei. Me taea e ngā wāhanga katoa te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te mahi tahi kia pai ai te mahi a te tāruarua kia rite ki te whakamahere.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui te taupū whatunga o te hoahoa whatunga hou hei whakarite i te pono me te wātea. Mā te whakatinana i te taupū, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakanui ake i te wātea o te whatunga, te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi, te pupuri i te haumarutanga raraunga, me te whakarite kia tere ake te whakaora. Heoi, me whakamahere tupato me te haumi nui ki te whakatinana i te taupū whatunga. Heoi, me te huarahi tika, he nui ake ngā painga i ngā wero.
Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa noa te tāpiri whatunga, engari he mea nui mō tetahi hinonga e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi whatunga rorohiko mō āna mahi o ia rā. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka puta tonu mai ngā tikanga me ngā huarahi hou, ka taea ai te whakamahi i ngā whatunga pono, haumaru, me te whai hua ake i te heke mai.
