Tauira Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Anaro
Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te pūtake o te oranga pāpori o te tangata. I ia rā, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tātou, ka whakamārama i ngā tikanga, ka whakautu ki ngā tohu rerekē e karapoti nei i a tātou. I roto i ngā huarahi e whakamahia ana hei mārama ki tēnei tukanga, ko te tauira whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ira he ariā nui nā te mea e whakanui ana i ngā āhuatanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kāore i te kitea tonu i roto i te āhua o ngā kupu. Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ira e kōrero ana mō ngā tohu, ngā nekehanga, te reo, ngā āhua o te kanohi, te reo tinana, me ngā momo tuku karere e haere tonu ana, e whai horopaki ana hoki. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga tōna whakamāramatanga, ōna āhuatanga, tōna mahi, ōna painga, ōna herenga, me ngā tauira o tōna whakamahinga i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Te Mārama ki ngā Tauira Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Analog
Ko te tauira whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-waha e pā ana ki tētahi tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakaatu ana i te tikanga mā roto i ngā tohu kore-waha, ngā tohu rānei kāore e mau i te āhua o te reo ā-waha hanganga. I roto i te horopaki o te ariā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he maha ngā wā ka whakatauritea te kupu "ā-waha" ki te kupu "matihiko." Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matihiko e pā ana ki ngā karere e tukuna ana mā roto i ngā tohu motuhake pērā i ngā kupu, ngā tau, ngā waehere rānei he mārama ngā ture kua tautuhia. Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-waha, i tētahi atu taha, he rere ake: ko tōna tikanga e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te āhuatanga, te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā tāngata takitahi, me te whakamaoritanga a te kaiwhiwhi.
He whānuitia te kōrero mō tēnei ariā i roto i te rangahau i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-iwi. I ahu mai tētahi takoha rongonui i a Paul Watzlawick me āna hoa mahi i roto i te Pragmatics of Human Communication tradition. I wehewehea e rātou ngā āhuatanga e rua o ngā karere: te matihiko (ā-waha) me te anaro (kore-ā-waha). Kei roto tonu i ngā taunekeneke tangata ngā mea e rua, ahakoa he rerekē ō rātou ōwehenga i runga i te horopaki.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Anaro
He maha ngā āhuatanga matua e wehewehe ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rorohiko mai i ētahi atu momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero:
1. Tonu tonu, kāore e motumotu
He maha ngā tohu rite e puta mai ana i te whānuitanga o te awhe. Hei tauira, ka piki, ka heke mārire te reo, ka huri mārire ngā āhua o te kanohi, ka tohu rānei te tawhiti tinana i te tata, i te taumahatanga rānei.
2. He tino whakawhirinaki te tikanga ki te horopaki
Ka taea e te ataata te whakaatu i te āhua hoa, te āhua atawhai, te āhua whakatoi, te āhua whakamā, te āhua huna rānei i te riri. Ki te kore he horopaki, ka ngāwari te whakamārama hē i ngā tohu ā-tauira.
3. He nui ake te whai rawa o te kare ā-roto me te whanaungatanga
He maha ngā wā ka whakakitea e te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-tauira ngā āhua kare ā-roto me te kounga o ngā whanaungatanga. Ko te āhua o te tangata, o tōna nohoanga, o tana kōrero rānei, ka tohu pea i te mana, te hiahia, te kore whakamarie, te whakaute rānei.
4. He maha ngā wā ka puta mai i te kore mōhio
He tokomaha te hunga kāore e mōhio kei te "kōrero" ō rātou reo tinana, te āhua o te reo, te āhua rānei o te kanohi. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka kiia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-reo he pono ake i te kōrero ā-kupu.
5. He uaua ki te whakamāori tika
He rerekē ngā karere matihiko, he ngāwari ki te tuhi me te whakahua, he uaua ki te tautuhi i ngā karere anaro. Ka taea te tuhi kupu, engari kāore e taea te hopu tika i te "whakaaro" o te reo tinana i ngā wā katoa.
Ngā Huānga o te Tauira Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Analog
Hei mārama ki te mahi a te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ira, ka taea e tātou te titiro ki ngā āhuatanga e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taunekeneke:
– Ngā āhua o te kanohi: menemene, kōroke, kōroke, titiro matatau.
– Ngā nekehanga ā-ringa: te pōkaikaha, te ruru i te māhunga, te hiki i ngā tukemata, te tohu.
– Te tū o te tinana: te piko whakamua (te aro), te piko whakamuri (te marino/te tawhiti), te whakawhiti ringa (te tiaki).
– Ngā reo kōrero: te ine o te reo, te nui o te oro, te tere, ngā okiokinga, te kata, te aue.
– Proxemics (tawhiti): ko te tawhiti tata e tohu ana i te whanaungatanga tata; ko te tawhiti roa e tohu ana i te whaimana, i te whakakorenga rānei.
– Pā: he rūrū ringa, he papaki pakihiwi, he awhi—he karere kei roto i ia pā.
– Āhua: te āhua o te kākahu, te ma, ngā āhuatanga.
– Te wā (te auau o ngā hui): te wā tika, te wā hei whakautu i ngā karere, te roa o ngā hui.
Ahakoa kāore e puta katoa ngā āhuatanga i te wā kotahi, ko te whakakotahitanga o ēnei tohu ka hanga i te "karere katoa" ka riro i te kaikōrero.
Te Mahi a ngā Tauira Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Analog
Ka mahi te tauira whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rorohiko mā roto i tētahi tukanga whakamaori. Ehara i te mea ka "tuku" noa te kaituku i ngā mōhiohio engari ka tukuna hoki ngā tohu whanaungatanga. Kātahi ka whakamaoritia e te kaiwhiwhi aua tohu i runga i ngā wheako o mua, ngā tikanga ahurea, te āhuatanga, me ō rātou tirohanga ki te whanaungatanga.
Hei tauira, ka mea pea te rangatira, "Kei te tino pai tāu mahi," engari me te reo papatahi me te titiro tonu ki te mata, me te noho kore e whakaatu i ō rātou whakaaro. I roto i te ao matihiko (ngā kupu), he pai te karere. Heoi, i roto i te ao taurite (te reo, te arotahi, te whakaatu i ō rātou whakaaro), ka puta pea te karere he maroke, he whakatoi rānei. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero taurite ki te whakatau i te tikanga whakamutunga.
Ngā Painga o te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Anaro
He maha ngā painga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-waenga, ā, he mea nui tēnei, inā koa i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-iwi:
1. Te whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto me te whai hua ake
Ko ngā kare ā-roto pēnei i te aroha, te aroha, te riri, te hihiri rānei, ka kitea nuitia i roto i te reo me te whakapuakitanga o te kōrero i ngā kupu.
2. Whakakaha, whakangāwari rānei i ngā karere ā-waha
Ka taea e te reo tinana te whakapakari i te whakawhirinaki. He nui ake te tūponotanga o te tangata ki te whakapono ki ngā tohu kore-waha ina he taupatupatu i waenga i ngā kupu me ngā mahi.
3. Āwhina i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo-maha
I ngā āhuatanga reo rerekē, mā ngā nekehanga ringa, mā ngā kīanga māmā rānei e āwhina te whakapuaki i te tikanga, ahakoa kei te tūpono tonu te hē o te māramatanga ki ēnei e te ahurea.
4. Te waihanga i te whanaungatanga tata
Mā te titiro mahana, te tū tuwhera o te tinana, me te reo mārie e hanga te kare ā-roto o te haumaru me te whakaae.
Ngā Here me ngā Raru Pea
Ahakoa te nui o te tikanga, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki ō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rorohiko:
1. Ngāwari ki te whakamāori hē
He rerekē ngā tohu kore-waha i roto i ngā ahurea. Tērā pea ka kitea te titiro kanohi roa he mea māia ki tētahi ahurea, engari he mea koretake ki tētahi atu ahurea.
2. Kāore i te tino tika mō ngā mōhiohio hangarau
Kāore e ranea te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rorohiko hei kawe i ngā tohutohu taipitopito, i ngā raraunga tau, i ngā ture uaua rānei. Me tāpiri atu ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matihiko.
3. I awehia e te whakaaro whānui
Tērā pea ka whakamārama te kaiwhiwhi i te tohu i runga i te whakahāwea, i ngā wheako kino rānei o mua, kaua i runga i ngā whakaaro pono o te kaituku.
4. He uaua ki te whakahaere katoa
Ka taea e te tangata te kīanga kupu me te āta, engari he uaua ki te whakahaere i te reo tinana ina manukanuka, ina mataku, ina riri rānei.
Ngā Tauira o te Whakamahinga i roto i te Oranga o Ia Rā
1. I roto i te whānau
Mā ngā mātua e mea ana, "Kei te whakarongo ahau," me te titiro tonu ki ā rātou waea pūkoro, ka whakaaro pea ā rātou tamariki kāore i te arohia. E tohu ana ngā tohu reo irirangi kāore rātou i te aro katoa ki reira.
2. I roto i te taiao mahi
Ko te whakaaturanga e tukuna ana me te reo pūmau, te titiro tika ki ngā kanohi, me te tū tika, e kiia ana he mea whakatenatena ake i te whakaaturanga kotahi e tukuna ana me te reo mārie, me te kore e nekeneke.
3. I roto i te whakahoahoa
Ko te whakautu tere "āe" me te kore e titiro ake he tohu pea tēnei o te whakaae whaimana, engari e tohu ana i te kore hiahia ki te haere tonu o te kōrero.
4. Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i te ratonga (ratonga kiritaki)
Ko te ataata, te reo atawhai, me te manawanui ki te whakarongo ki ngā amuamu te mea nui hei whakatau i te pai o te kiritaki, ehara i te mea ko ngā tikanga tika anake.
Te Hononga i waenganui i te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Analog me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Mamati
Kaua te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rorohiko me te mamati e māramahia he mea whakawhitiwhiti, engari he mea tautoko. Mā ngā kupu ka puta he hanganga me te māramatanga, ko ngā tohu ā-rorohiko ia ka puta he āhuatanga hou me te hōhonutanga o te whanaungatanga. I roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua, e ōrite ana ngā mea e rua: ko te mea e kōrerotia ana ka ōrite ki te āhua o te kōrero.
Ina he rerekētanga—hei tauira, he kupu pai engari he kīanga kino—ka whakapono te iwi ki ngā karere anarau. Nā te mea he uaua ake te rūpahu i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga anarau, nō reira he pono ake.
Te Katinga
E whakanui ana te tauira whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ira, ehara te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te tangata i te whakawhitiwhiti kupu noa iho. Mā ngā kīanga, te reo, ngā nekehanga, te tawhiti, me ngā momo tohu kore-waha ka hangaia he paparanga tikanga e whakatau ana i te māramatanga o tētahi karere. Mā te mārama ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ira ka āwhina i a tātou kia noho hei kaikōrero tairongo ake: ka taea te pānui i ngā āhuatanga, te kite i ngā kare ā-roto o ētahi atu, me te urutau i ā tātou tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia pai ake ai. I tēnei ao matihiko tere haere, e peia ana e te tuhinga, he mea nui ake te mōhio ki te taha ā-ira kia kore ai e ngaro te taha tangata o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero—te aroha, te mahana, me te hōhonutanga o te hononga.
