Ngā Arorau Ara i roto i ngā Whatunga
He wāhanga nui te ara o te hoahoa me te whakahaere whatunga rorohiko. Ko te ara e pā ana ki te tukanga whakatau i te ara tino pai mai i tētahi pūwāhi ki tētahi atu i roto i te whatunga. Ko te rauropi ara te tukanga e whakamahia ana e ngā pouara hei whakatau i te ara pai rawa atu i roto i te whatunga. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rauropi ara e whai wāhi nui ana ki te mahi a te whatunga, tae atu ki te tawhiti tawhiti, te āhua hono, me ngā rauropi ranu.
Pendahuluan
I roto i tētahi whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me haere ngā raraunga mā roto i ētahi pūwāhi takawaenga kia tae atu ai ki tōna ūnga whakamutunga. E mōhiotia ana ia o ēnei pūwāhi he pūnga, ā, ko te tukanga tuku raraunga i waenga i ēnei pūnga me whai i tētahi pūnaha ara. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha ara, ka taea e te pouara te whakatau i te ara tino whai hua me te tere rawa atu mō te tuku i ngā mōkihi raraunga.
Ka mahi ngā rauropi ara i runga i ētahi inenga pēnei i te tawhiti, te utu, te whānui o te hononga, te whakaroa, te kawenga, me ētahi atu. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rauropi ara tika hei pupuri i te pai me te pono o te whatunga.
Ngā Kāwai Pūmanawa Ara
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā rauropi ara ki ētahi momo i runga i ētahi paearu, pērā i te tikanga whakahou mōhiohio, te momo whatunga tautokona, me ngā tawhā arotau.
1. Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Tawhiti
Ko te rauropi Distance Vector tētahi o ngā tikanga tuatahi me ngā tikanga māmā rawa atu mō te ara. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui o tēnei rauropi ko te Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake
Ka mahi tēnei pūnaha mā te pupuri i tētahi ripanga ara ia pouara kei roto he huinga o ngā ara pea, me te tohu i ngā tawhiti ki ngā ūnga motuhake. Ka whakahoutia ēnei ripanga i ia wā mā te tuku mōhiohio ara ki ngā hoa tata o te pouara. E toru ngā taahiraa matua o te tukanga whakahou:
– Te Tīmatanga: E mōhio ana ia pouara he kore te tawhiti ki a ia anō, ā, ko te tawhiti ki tētahi atu pouara e hono tika ana ki a ia te utu o taua hononga.
– Whakawhiti Ara: Ka tukuna e ia pouara tana ripanga ara ki ngā pouara tata i ia wā.
– Ngā Whakahōutanga Ripanga: Ka whiwhi ia pouara i ngā mōhiohio mai i ōna hoa tata, ā, ki te kitea he ara poto ake ki tētahi ūnga, ka whakahōu i tana ripanga ara.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore
Ko te painga matua o te rauropi Distance Vector ko tōna māmā noa iho. Heoi, he maha ōna ngoikoretanga, pērā i ngā raruraru puhoi o te huihuinga me te āheinga o ngā takahuri ara, arā, ka takahuri tonu ngā raraunga mā te whatunga me te kore e tae ki tōna ūnga.
2. Pūnaha Hononga Āhua
Hei whakatika i ngā ngoikoretanga o te Distance Vector, i whakawhanakehia ngā rauropi Hononga Āhua. Ko tētahi tauira o te whakatinanatanga o tēnei rauropi ko te Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake
I roto i tēnei raupaparorohiko, kei ia pouara he pikitia katoa o te āhua whatunga, ā, ka tatau i te ara pai rawa atu i runga i aua mōhiohio. Ko ngā mahi whānui o te raupaparorohiko Hononga Āhua ko:
– Te Tīmatanga: Ka whakaratohia e ia pouara he āhua hononga me ōna hoa tata katoa, tae atu ki te utu o te hononga.
– Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Ka whakapāho ngā pouara i ngā mōhiohio āhua hononga ki ngā pouara katoa i roto i te whatunga mā roto i ngā mōkihi Pānui Āhua Hononga (LSA).
– Te Hanga Mahere Whatunga: Mā ngā LSA kua riro mai, ka hangaia e ia pouara he mahere whatunga katoa.
– Tātaitanga Huarahi: Kia oti te hanga i tētahi mahere whatunga katoa, ka whakamahia te pūnaha a Dijkstra, tētahi atu pūnaha rite rānei, hei tātai i te ara poto rawa atu ki te ūnga.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore
He tere ake ngā rauropi hononga-āhua i te wā e hono ana, ā, he ātete ake ki ngā takahuri ara. Heoi, he uaua ake, ā, he nui ake ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana, tae atu ki te mahara me te tatau.
3. Pūnaha Whakaranu
Ka whakakotahi ngā rauropi ararau ranu i ngā huānga pai rawa atu o te Distance Vector me te Link State. Ko tētahi tauira o te rauropi ranu ko te Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake
Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e EIGRP te wāhanga Distance Vector hei tohatoha i ngā mōhiohio huarahi engari kei roto hoki ētahi āhuatanga Hononga Āhua, pērā i ngā whakahoutanga āhuahanga wāhanga me te tatau anō wāhanga. Mā tēnei ka taea e EIGRP te:
– Ka tere ake te whakaputa i te huihuinga atu i ngā kawa Distance Vector parakore.
– Ka karo i te kawenga nui o runga e kitea ana i roto i ngā kawa Hononga Āhua.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore
Ka tukuna e ngā rauropi ranu he taurite i waenga i te tere o te huihuinga me te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi. Heoi, he uaua ake te whakatinanatanga i te rauropi Distance Vector māmā.
Ngā Tawhā Ine i roto i te Ara
Ko te kōwhiringa o te ara tino pai e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi inenga ka taea te whakamahi e te raupapatanga ara:
– Tawhiti: I te nuinga o te wā ka tatauhia mā te "tau pekepeke" me ngā pekepeke rānei i waenga i ngā pūnga.
– Whānuitanga Ipurangi: Ka whakarato i ngā ara me te kaha teitei rawa.
– Whakaroa: Tīpakohia he ara i runga i te wā haere iti rawa.
– Pono: Whakaritea ngā huarahi pumau, pono hoki hei kaupapa matua.
– Utaina: Ka tohatoha ōrite i ngā waka kia kore ai e utaina nui.
Ko te nuinga o ngā kawa ara hou e āhei ana ki te whakamahi i te huinga o ngā inenga maha hei whakatau i te ara pai rawa atu.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā rauropi ara i roto i te whai huatanga me te pono o ngā whatunga rorohiko. Ehara i te mea ko te ara tino pai anake te mea e whakatau ana i te tuku raraunga engari ka urutau hoki ki ngā huringa o te whatunga. Ko te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu o te rauropi ara ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te whatunga e pā ana, tae atu ki te tauine, te wātea o ngā rauemi, me ētahi atu paearu rānei.
I tēnei ao e whanake tonu ana ngā hiahia whakawhitiwhiti raraunga, he mea nui te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā rauropi ara me ā rātou tono mō ngā tohunga whatunga. Me te maha o ngā rauropi e wātea ana, tae atu ki te Distance Vector, te Link State, me ngā rauropi ranu, he otinga kua whakaritea mō te nuinga o ngā wero whatunga.
