Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi mahere tahua mō tētahi kaupapa hangahanga
Ko te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere tahua mō tētahi kaupapa hanga tētahi o ngā mahi tino nui i mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi. Mā tētahi tahua kua hoahoatia pai ka āwhina i ngā kaipupuri kaupapa, ngā kaimahi kirimana, me ngā kaitohutohu ki te whakahaere i ngā utu, ki te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te nui rawa o te tahua, me te whakatau whai whakaaro ake ina puta he huringa i te mahi. Ki te kore he mahere tahua kua whakaritea pai, ka noho ngā kaupapa ki te whakaroa, ki te hekenga o te kounga nā te penapena utu ohorere, tae atu ki ngā tautohe i waenga i ngā rōpū e whai wāhi ana.
Koinei te aratohu mō te whakarite pūnaha i tētahi mahere tahua mō tētahi kaupapa hanga, mai i te kohikohi raraunga ki ngā rautaki whakahaere i te wā e whakatinanahia ana.
1. Kia mārama ki te whānuitanga o te mahi me ngā whāinga o te kaupapa
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te mārama ki te whānuitanga o te kaupapa. E whakaahua ana te whānuitanga i ngā mea ka hangaia, ngā paerewa kounga kua tohua, me ngā rohe o te kaupapa. Ko ngā tuhinga e whakamahia ana hei pūtake ko ngā mahere papa, ngā whakaritenga hangarau, te Mahere Mahi me ngā Whakaritenga (RKS), me ngā tuhinga tuku tono mēnā ka tukuna te kaupapa.
Kia mārama āu whakautu ki ngā pātai e whai ake nei:
– He aha ngā whare/ngā hanganga i hangaia, ā, mō tēhea mahi?
– Kia pēhea te whānui, kia pēhea te teitei, ā, he aha ngā rauemi matua i whakamahia?
– He aha ngā paerewa kounga, whakaotinga me te haumaru mahi e whakamahia ana?
– He mahi motuhake anō kei reira pērā i ngā turanga hōhonu, ngā rūma raro whenua, ngā hanganga maitai uaua rānei?
Mena he koretake te whānuitanga, ā, he maha ngā panonitanga, ka tere te tawhito o te tahua kua hangaia. Nō reira, me whakarite tuatahi ngā hiahia o te rangatira me te tīma whakamahere kia tino whanakehia te whānuitanga i mua i te tatau i ngā utu.
2. Kohia ngā raraunga hangarau me ngā tuhinga katoa
Kāore e taea te whakatakoto tahua i runga i ngā whakatau tata anake. Me whakaoti ngā tuhinga hangarau kia tika ai te tatau i te nui o te mahi. Ko ētahi raraunga nui ko:
– Ngā tuhi hoahoanga, hanganga, MEP (mīhini, hiko, putorino)
– Ngā whakaritenga rauemi me ngā tikanga mahi
– Ngā raraunga āhua o te tauwāhi: te urunga ki te nekenekehanga, te tawhiti ki te kaiwhakarato, te āhua o te whenua, te āhua o te whenua
– Te maramataka mahere kaupapa (te maramataka wā) ngā tohu matua rānei
Hei tāpiri, kohia ngā raraunga utu hou, pērā i ngā rārangi utu mō ngā rauemi me ngā mahi, ngā taupū utu hanga ā-rohe, me ngā mōhiohio utu mai i ngā kaiwhakarato/kaikirimana ā-rohe. He nui te pānga o te wāhi me ngā āhuatanga o te mākete ki ngā utu kaupapa, nō reira me whai tikanga, me whai hou hoki ngā raraunga.
3. Waihangahia he Hanganga Wehenga Mahi (WBS)
He wāwāhitanga mahi te WBS ki ngā wāhanga iti ake, he hanganga. Mā te WBS, ka māmā ake te aroturuki i ngā tataunga utu, ka pūnaha ake, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ngaronga o ngā mahi.
Tauira o tētahi hanganga WBS o tētahi kaupapa hanga whare:
1. Ngā mahi whakarite (te whakawātea whenua, te kaiwhakahaere pupuri, te taiapa kaupapa)
2. Ngā mahi oneone (keri, parepare, whakakīkī)
3. Te turanga me te hanganga raro
4. Hanganga o runga (pou, kurupae, pereti)
5. Ngā pakitara me ngā tāne me ngā wāhine
6. Tuanui
7. Te whakaotinga (papa, peita, tuanui)
8. Mahi MEP (wai ma, wai paru, hiko, hauhautanga, tiaki ahi)
9. Ngā mahi o waho (ngā rori o te rohe, te waikeri, te whakapaipai whenua)
10. Te horoinga whakamutunga me te tukunga
Ka mārama ake te WBS, ka tika ake tō tahua.
4. Tātaihia te rahinga o te mahi (te rahinga tango)
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tatau i te rahinga mahi i runga i ngā tuhi me ngā whakaritenga. E kiia ana tēnei tukanga ko te tango-rahinga (QTO). Ka pā tika ngā hapa i te wāhanga rahinga ki te tahua katoa.
Ko ētahi tauira o ngā rahinga kua tatauhia:
– Te rōrahi o te raima (m³), te horahanga o te hanganga (m²), te taumaha whakapakari (kg)
– Te wāhi mahi pereki (m²), te paninga (m²), te peita (m²)
– Te roa o te paipa (m), te maha o ngā pūwāhi rama (ngā pūwāhi), te kaha o te papa hiko
– Te horahanga o te tuanui, te momo uhi tuanui, te maha o ngā anga
Ko te mea tino pai, ka tatauhia ngā rahinga mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga pumau, kua tuhia hoki, pērā i tētahi pepa tango, i tētahi pūmanawa whakatau tata rānei. Puritia ngā whakapae tatau kia taea ai te arotake me te whakahou mēnā ka puta he huringa hoahoa.
5. Whakatauhia te tātaritanga utu ā-wāhanga o te mahi (AHSP)
Kia mōhiotia te rahinga, me whakatau e koe te utu mō ia tūemi mahi. I Initonīhia, he maha ngā rōpū e whakamahi ana i te tohutoro AHSP (Arotake Utu Wāhanga Mahi), e taea ai te tirotiro i ngā paerewa pēnei i ngā Ture SNI/PUPR, i ngā pātengi raraunga ā-roto rānei o te kamupene.
Ko te utu mō ia waeine ko:
– Rauemi (utu hoko, whakahekenga, utu tuku)
– Ngā utu mahi (ngā kaimahi toi, ngā kaimahi, ngā kaiwhakahaere)
– Ngā taputapu (reti/whakahaere, wahie, kaiwhakahaere)
– Te utu tāpiri me te hua (i runga i te kaupapa kirimana me te kaupapa here a te kamupene)
Tauira: Ko te utu mō ia wae o te raima ehara i te mea ko te utu mō te ranunga kua oti te whakarite anake, engari ko te utu mō te papu, te mahi whakarewa, te whakamaroke, me ngā para pea.
Aromatawaihia ngā utu mō ia wae i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te kaupapa. Mā te uaua o te urunga atu ki te papaanga, te iti o ngā hāora mahi, te hiahia rānei ki ngā taputapu motuhake ka nui ake te pikinga o ngā utu.
6. Whakaritea he RAB (Mahere Tahua)
Ko te RAB te hua tātaitanga whakamutunga: te rahinga x te utu waeine mō ia taonga, kātahi ka tāpirihia kia rite ki te hanganga WBS. Me ātaahua te RAB pai, me mārama ngā whakaahuatanga mahi, me tika ngā waeine, me ngā tapeke iti mō ia wāhanga mahi.
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whakaurua ana ki te RAB:
– Whakaahuatanga o ngā tūemi mahi
– Ngā waeine (m, m², m³, ngā waeine)
– Te rōrahi
- Utu mō ia wae
– Utu katoa (tapeke mō ia taonga)
– Whakarāpopototanga mō ia rōpū mahi
I tēnei wā, tirohia anō mēnā he mahi kei te toe, hei tauira, he mahi rangitahi, he whakamātautau rauemi, he mahi haumaru, he horoi rānei.
7. Whakauruhia ngā utu ā-kore me ngā rahui mōrearea
He maha ngā tahua e hē ana nā te mea e aro noa ana ki ngā utu tika, ā, e wareware ana ki ngā utu ā-kore. Ko ngā utu ā-kore ka uru atu ki:
– Ngā utu whakahaere kaupapa (kaiwhakahaere pae, kaiwhakahaere, ratonga kawe)
– Te raihana, ngā takoha me te inihua
– Haumaru, K3, PPE, tohu kaupapa
– Ngā ratonga rangitahi (hiko, wai)
– Te whakakorikori me te whakakore i ngā taputapu
– Ngā utu reti whenua/te rokiroki rauemi mēnā e hiahiatia ana
Hei tāpiritanga, whakatūria he rahui mōrearea hei ārai i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino mārama pērā i te piki me te heke o te utu o ngā rauemi, te huarere, ngā panonitanga iti o te hoahoa, te hua o te mahi rānei. Ka rerekē te nui o te mōrearea, hei tauira, mai i te 3–10% i runga i te uauatanga me te taumata o te tino mārama o te hoahoa.
8. Whakahāngaihia te tahua ki ngā tikanga hoko me ngā tikanga kirimana.
Ka pāngia hoki te huarahi e whakaritea ai te tahua e te tauira kirimana:
– Te tapeke moni: me tino taipitopito te tahua nā te mea he pumau te uara o te kirimana; ka nui ake te mōrearea ki te kaiwhakatū mēnā he hapa.
– Utu mō ia wae: e arotahi ana ki ngā utu mō ia wae tika me ngā rahinga ine; ka ngāwari ake te whakauru i ngā panonitanga o te rahinga.
– Te utu tāpiri: me tino whakahaere i ngā utu me ngā herenga utu tuturu.
– Te hoahoa me te hanga: me ōrite te tahua i waenga i te hoahoa me te whāinga utu, ā, me whakamahi i te hangarau uara i te nuinga o te wā.
Me whakarite kei te hototahi tō whakatakotoranga tahua ki ngā whakaritenga tuku tono, ngā tikanga utu, me ngā pūnaha pūrongo utu kaupapa.
9. Whakahaerehia te arotake, te manatoko, me te hangarau uara
I mua i te "raka" o te tahua, me arotake hōhonu:
– Manatokohia te nui o te moni me te tīma whakamahere
– Whakatauritehia ngā utu mō ia wae ki ngā utu mākete me ngā kaupapa rite
– Tirohia te ōritetanga o ngā waeine me ngā tūemi mahi
– Tāutuhia ngā tūemi utu nui hei aromatawai rerekē.
Ka taea te whakatinana i te hangarau uara mā te whakarerekē i ngā rauemi, ngā tikanga mahi, ngā taipitopito hoahoa rānei, me te kore e whakararu i te mahi, i te kounga rānei. Hei tauira, te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūnaha pakitara tere ake te tāuta, te whakakapi i ētahi whakaotinga, te arotau rānei i ngā āhuatanga hanganga i runga i ngā tātaitanga.
10. Whakaritehia ngā rautaki whakahaere utu i te wā e whakatinanahia ana
Kāore te whakatakoto tahua e mutu i te tuhinga tahua anake. Me whakatū he tikanga whakahaere kia kore ai ngā utu tuturu e hipa i te mahere. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi matua ko:
– Waihangahia he tahua tūāpapa me ngā waehere utu e ai ki te WBS
– Tuhia ngā herenga utu (ngā ota hoko, ngā kirimana iti) mai i te tīmatanga
– Whakahaerehia ngā pūrongo utu ā-wā: kua whakaritea, ā-tūturu hoki
– Whakahaerehia ngā huringa mahi (ngā ota rerekētanga) me ngā tikanga mārama
– Aromatawai i te hua me te para rauemi i te mara
Mā te whakahaere utu tika ka noho te tahua hei taputapu whakahaere, ehara i te mea he tikanga whakahaere noa iho.
Te Katinga
Ko te whakawhanake i tētahi tahua kaupapa hangahanga me whai tika, raraunga pakari, me te mārama hangarau ki te mahi i te mara. Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te mārama ki te whānuitanga, te whakawhanake i tētahi Maramataka Mahi (WBS), te tatau i ngā rahinga, te whakatakoto utu mō ia wae, kātahi ka whakawhanake i tētahi Mahere Mahi me te Tahua (RAB) katoa me ngā utu ā-kore me ngā tahua mōrearea. Muri iho, me aroturuki te tahua mā te whakahaere utu tonu puta noa i te whakatinanatanga.
Mā te huarahi pūnaha, ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te mahere tahua i te kaupapa kia oma i te wā tika, engari ka tiaki hoki i ngā rōpū katoa mai i te mōrearea o ngā mate me ngā pakanga. Mō ngā hua tika ake, whakaarohia te whakamahi i tētahi kaitatau mātau, mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga utu hou, me te whakahaere arotake auau i ngā wā katoa ka puta he huringa ki te hoahoa, ki ngā āhuatanga rānei o te kaupapa.
