Atamira Megalopolis
Ko te Megalopolis he kupu e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i tētahi tāone nui nui i hangaia e te hanumitanga o ētahi tāone nui me ō rātou rohe tāone. Ko te ariā o tētahi megalopolis e whakaahua ana i te whanaketanga o ngā tāone e kore e tipu noa, e whanake noa engari e hono tahi ana tetahi ki tetahi hei hanga i tētahi tāone nui. Ka ruku hohonu ake tēnei tuhinga ki ngā wāhanga o tētahi megalopolis, ōna āhuatanga, ngā tauira o te ao tūturu, me ōna pānga.
Hītori me te Ariā o Megalopolis
I whakaurua te kupu "megalopolis" e te tohunga whenua a Jean Gottmann i roto i tana pukapuka o te tau 1961, i whakaahua i tētahi ara tāone e toro atu ana mai i Boston ki Washington, D.C., i te Hononga o Amerika. I mōhiotia tēnei ara ko "BosWash" ā, koinei te tauira tuatahi o te ariā megalopolis. Mai i taua wā, kua whanake te ariā, ā, kua whakamahia hei whakaahua i ngā wāhi tāone nui maha atu o te ao.
Kāore ngā tāone nui e puta i te pō kotahi; he tukanga roa e uru ana ki te tere o te noho tāone, te tipu o te taupori, me te whanaketanga hanganga kaha. Ka tīmata te hono atu o ngā tāone nui mā roto i ngā whatunga kawe waka me ngā whatunga ōhanga, ka hanga he hinonga tāone kotahi, e hono tahi ana.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whanaketanga o te Megalopolis
1. Te Whakanuia o te Tāone
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te huarahi ki tētahi taone nui ko te whakanui haere i te noho tāone, ka tere haere te tipu o te taupori me te ōhanga o ngā tāone. Ka tīmata ēnei tāone ki te whakawhānui ake i ō rātou rohe, ā, ka whanake ngā rohe tāone hei whakautu i te hiahia mō ngā whare me ngā ratonga mō te taupori e tipu haere ana.
2. Te Whakaurunga Ōhanga
I tīmata ngā tāone e tipu haere ana ki te hanga hononga ōhanga tata atu. I piki ake ngā waka arumoni i waenga i ngā tāone, ā, i hangaia ngā hanganga pēnei i ngā rori utu, ngā rēriwe, me ngā taunga rererangi hei tautoko i tēnei tipu. Nā te hononga i waenga i ngā tāone i piki ake te rere o ngā taonga, ngā ratonga, me te mahi, ā, i kaha ake ai ngā hononga i waenga i ngā tāone nui.
3. Te Whakawhanaketanga Hanganga
Ko te hanganga rawaka te pou tokomanawa o tētahi taone nui. Kei te tīmata ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kaiwhakawhanake tūmataiti ki te haumi nui ki te whakawhanaketanga hanganga, tae atu ki ngā rori, te kawe waka a te iwi, me ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Kei te whakarerekē ngā mana whakahaere ā-rohe me ā-rohe i ngā kaupapa here kia taea ai e te hanganga te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te taupori e tipu haere ana me ngā mahi ōhanga.
4. Te Whakakotahitanga Hapori me te Ahurea
I te tipu o te ōhanga me te hononga ā-tinana, ka tīmata te whakaranu a te iwi o ngā momo papamuri rerekē. I huihui ngā hapori me ngā momo ahurea me ngā momo āhua noho, ā, i hangaia he tuakiri ā-rohe hou. I tēnei wā, ka puta ake ngā pokapū ahurea, mātauranga, me ngā pokapū whakangahau hei mahi mā te hapori whānui.
5. Te Mōhiotanga ki te Taiao me te Whakamahere Tauwhiro
Kei te tīmata te kitea o ngā pānga kino o te noho tāone nui, pērā i te noho pūmau, te parahanga, me ētahi atu take taiao. Nō reira, kei te tipu haere te mōhiotanga ki te hiranga o te whakamahere tauwhiro. Kei te tīmata ngā tāone nui ki te whakarite i ngā mahi hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga mō ō rātou kainoho, me te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Megalopolis o te Ao
Haunga a BosWash i te Hononga o Amerika, he maha ngā tauira o ngā megapore rongonui huri noa i te ao:
– Tokyo-Yokohama (Haponihia)
E mōhiotia ana tēnei rohe ko tētahi o ngā tāone nui rawa atu o te ao, e eke ana te taupori ki ngā tekau miriona. He mea whakamiharo ōna hanganga, me te pūnaha kawe iwi tino whai hua e hono ana i ngā tāone matua huri noa.
– Te Taiwhanga o te Awa o Pērara (PRD), Haina
Kei roto i tēnei rohe ngā tāone nui pēnei i a Guangzhou, Shenzhen, me Hong Kong. E mōhiotia ana te PRD hei pokapū hanga me te hangarau matatau. Nā ōna mahi ōhanga hihiri e waiho ana hei tetahi o ngā rohe tino hihiri o te ao.
– Panana Kahurangi, Ūropi
He tāone nui tēnei e toro atu ana i Ingarangi ki te raki o Itari, tae atu ki ngā tāone pēnei i a Rānana, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, me Milan. He wāhi nui tēnei rohe i roto i te ōhanga me te tōrangapū o Ūropi.
Te Pānga o Megalopolis
Pānga pai
– Te Tipu Ōhanga: Mā ngā wāhi nunui ka tere te tipu o te ōhanga nā te nui o te tangata me ngā pakihi. Ka hangaia he mahi, ka piki ake hoki te paerewa o te oranga.
– Auahatanga me te Auahatanga: Mā te noho tahi mai o te tangata, inā koa ko te hunga e mahi ana i te rāngai ahumahi auaha, ka āwhina i te auahatanga me te mahi tahi.
– Ngā Hanganga Matatau: Mā te noho mai o ngā hanganga tino whanake ka māmā ake, ka whai hua ake hoki te nekenekehanga.
Pānga kino
– Te Pūngao o ngā Waka me te Parahanga: I te mea he nui te taupori, he raruraru nui te pūngao o ngā waka me te parahanga o te hau.
– Te Tauritekore Hapori: He āputa kei waenganui i ngā rōpū ōhanga, ā, ka puta ake ngā raruraru pāpori pēnei i te rawakore o te tāone me te kore e taea e ētahi tāngata te uru atu ki ngā ratonga taketake.
– Te Hinga o te Taiao: Ka taea e te noho tāone nui me ngā ahumahi nui te arahi ki te parahanga o te hau, te wai, me te oneone. Me whai kaupapa here taiao whai hua me ngā mahi tiaki taiao tēnei.
Whakamutunga
He āhuatanga tāone nui ngā tāone nui e tipu haere ana i te taha o te noho tāone nui o te ao. Ahakoa he nui ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga me te pāpori e tukuna ana, me aro nui anō hoki ngā tāone nui ki te aro atu ki ngā wero ahurei. Me whai ngā kaihanga kaupapa here me ngā kaiwhakamahere tāone i tētahi huarahi whakauru me te pumau kia tino whai hua ai ēnei whanaketanga me te kore e whakararu i te kounga o te oranga me te taiao. Nō reira, me whakahaere te wāhanga whanaketanga o ngā tāone nui me te whakamahere me te whakatinanatanga tupato, me te whakataurite i ngā hiahia whanaketanga me te tiaki taiao.
