He mea nui te pūngao i roto i te ao hou, e whakakaha ana i ngā mea katoa mai i te kawe waka me te ahumahi ki te oranga o ia rā. E rua ngā momo matua o ngā pūtake pūngao: te pūngao hou me te pūngao kore-hou. He āhuatanga, he painga, he wero anō hoki tō ia momo. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakamāramatanga, ngā momo, ngā painga, me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā pūtake pūngao hou me te pūngao kore-hou, me ō rātou pānga ki te heke mai.
Te Whakamāramatanga me ngā Momo Pūtake Pūngao
Ngā Pūtake Pūngao Whakahou
Ko ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou ko ērā ka taea te whakahou ā-taiao i roto i te wā poto noa. I ahu mai tēnei pūngao i ngā tukanga taiao pumau, ā, kāore e pau i te whakamahinga a te tangata. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou ko:
- Pūngao RāPūngao i whiwhi mai i te irahiko o te rā mā te whakamahi i ngā panera rā, i te hangarau whakawhāiti rānei.
- Pūngao HauPūngao i puta mai i te nekehanga o te hau mā te whakamahi i ngā tāhū hau.
- Pūngao Wai (Hikohiko)Pūngao e puta mai ana i te nekehanga o te wai, e whakamahia ana i ngā tāpua hei whakaputa hiko.
- Pūngao KoioraPūngao e puta mai ana i ngā rauemi rauropi pērā i te rakau, te para rauropi, me te para ahuwhenua.
- Pūngao Ā-whenuaTe pūngao e whiwhi mai ana i te wera e rongoa ana i roto i te whenua.
Ngā Pūtake Pūngao Kore-Whakahou
Ko ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou ko ērā kāore e taea te whakahou wawe, ā, he iti noa te rahinga. Ka pau ēnei pūtake pūngao mēnā ka whakamahia tonutia. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou ko:
- Hinu mataKa hangaia ngā wahie parataiao mai i ngā toenga o ngā rauropi onamata, ā, ka whakamahia mō ngā kaupapa maha pērā i te wahie waka, te whakaputa hiko, me te ahumahi.
- WaroHe wahie pūmua totoka i hangaia mai i ngā toenga o ngā tipu tawhito, ā, e whakamahia ana mō te whakaputa hiko me te ahumahi.
- Hau māoriHe wahie pūngāwerewere te nuinga, ā, e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahana, te whakaputa hiko, me te wahie waka.
- Pūngao KarihiTe pūngao e puta mai ana i te wehenga, i te hanumi rānei o ngā karihi ngota. Ahakoa he nui te uranium me te plutonium, ngā rauemi mata mō ngā tauhohenga karihi, kāore e taea te whakahou i roto i te wā poto.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore
Ngā Pūtake Pūngao Whakahou
Te taikaha:
- He pai mō te taiaoHe iti ake ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi o ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou i ngā pūtake pūngao pūmua, ā, ka whakaitihia te pānga kino ki te huringa āhuarangi.
- Tak TerbatasKo te pūngao o te rā, te hau, te wai me te pūngao waiariki e wātea ana i roto i te taiao, ā, e kore e pau i roto i te wā.
- Te Whakawhanuitanga PūngaoMā te whakamahi i ngā pūtake pūngao hou maha ka taea te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga pūngao mā te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te pūtake pūngao kotahi.
- Pūmanawa Ōhanga ā-RoheMā ngā haumitanga ki te pūngao hou ka taea te waihanga mahi hou, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe.
Te korenga:
- Te wā whakaroaKo ētahi o ngā pūtake pūngao hou, pērā i te pūngao o te rā me te hau, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ā, kāore e wātea ana i ngā wā katoa.
- Ngā Utu TīmatangaHe nui te haumitanga tuatahi e hiahiatia ana mō te tāuta i ngā hangarau pūngao hou, ahakoa he iti ake ngā utu whakahaere i te wā roa.
- Pānga ki te TaiaoAhakoa he pai ake mō te taiao, ka pā kino anō hoki te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga pūngao hou ki ngā rauropi o te rohe.
Ngā Pūtake Pūngao Kore-Whakahou
Te taikaha:
- Te Wātea me te PonoKua roa ngā rautau e whakamahia ana ngā pūtake pūngao kāore e taea te whakahou, ā, kua tino whakapumautia te hangarau me ngā hanganga tautoko, ā, he mea pono ēnei mō te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao.
- Teitei o te PūngaoHe nui te mātotoru o te pūngao o ngā wahie pūngoi me te pūngao karihi, nō reira ka taea e rāua te whakaputa i te nui o te pūngao mai i te iti o te rahinga.
- Ngāwari o te Rokiroki me te KaweHe tino māmā te penapena me te kawe i te hinu, te hau, me te waro ki te whakaritea ki ētahi pūtake pūngao hou.
Te korenga:
- Te Parahanga me ngā TukungaMā te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua ka puta he tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me ētahi atu poke e kino ai te taiao me te hauora o te tangata.
- Ngā Rauemi ItiKa pau ngā pūtake pūngao kāore e taea te whakahou mēnā ka whakamahia tonutia, me te kore e kitea he rāhui hou.
- Te kore pumau o te utuKa tino piki haere te piki me te heke o ngā utu wahie pūmua nā te awe o ngā huringa ā-rohe, ā-ōhanga me ngā kaupapa here.
Ngā Pānga mō te Ao kei te heke mai
Ko te heke mai o te pūngao o te ao e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere me te whakauru i ngā pūtake pūngao ka taea te whakahou me ngā pūtake pūngao kāore e taea te whakahou. Ko ētahi o ngā pānga nui hei whakaaroaro ko:
- Huringa ĀhuarangiKo te whakawhiti mai i ngā wahie pūngoi ki ngā pūtake pūngao hou he mea nui ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te whakaiti i ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi.
- Haumarutanga PūngaoMā te kanorau o ngā pūtake pūngao ka taea te whakanui ake i te haumarutanga pūngao mā te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai wahie pūmua mai i ētahi atu whenua.
- Auahatanga HangarauMā ngā whanaketanga o ngā hangarau rokiroki pūngao, pērā i ngā pākahiko me te hangarau hauwai, ka taea te whakatika i ngā wero wā-poto o ngā pūtake pūngao hou, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao whānui.
- Te Whakawhanaketanga TauwhiroMā te whakaurunga o ngā pūtake pūngao hou ki roto i ngā rautaki whanaketanga ā-motu ka taea te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tauwhiro, te whakaiti i te rawakore pūngao, me te waihanga i ngā mahi matomato.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te whakamahinga o ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou me ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou hei whakarite i te pumau o te pūngao ā muri ake nei. He maha ngā painga taiao me te ōhanga o ngā pūtake pūngao whakahou, engari he wero anō hoki e pā ana ki te wā poto me ngā utu tīmatanga. I tetahi atu taha, he pono, he nui hoki te kaha o ngā pūtake pūngao kore-whakahou, engari he raruraru anō hoki ki te parahanga me ngā herenga rauemi.
Mā te haere tonu ki te auaha me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hou, me te whakauru i ngā pūtake pūngao hou ki roto i te pūnaha pūngao o te ao, ka taea e tātou te waihanga i tētahi heke mai pūngao pumau ake, haumaru ake hoki mō te tangata katoa. Ko te mārama me te whakahaere whakaaro nui i ēnei momo pūtake pūngao e rua te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i te taurite pai i waenga i ngā hiahia pūngao, te pumau o te taiao, me te whai rawa ōhanga.
