Hanganga o ngā oko toto
He wāhanga nui ngā oko toto o te pūnaha manawa, e kawe ana i te toto puta noa i te tinana. He mea nui tā rātou mahi hei pupuri i te noho tahi o te tinana, hei whakarato i te hāora me ngā matūkai ki ngā kiko, hei kawe hoki i ngā para hei whakakore. Hei mārama ki te mahi a tēnei pūnaha, he mea nui kia mārama ki te hanganga o ngā oko toto, ō rātou momo, me ō rātou mahi.
Ngā momo oko toto
I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā momo matua o ngā uaua toto: ngā uaua toto, me ngā kapiti toto. He hanganga me he mahi motuhake tō ia momo.
1. Ngā uaua:
Ko ngā uaua he oko toto e kawe ana i te toto whai hāora mai i te ngākau ki te toenga o te tinana. He matotoru, he ngāwari ngā pakitara o ngā uaua, e urutau ana ki te pēhanga teitei e whakaputaina ana e te ngākau i te wā e pupuhi ana te toto. E toru ngā paparanga o te pakitara o te uaua:
– Tunica Intima: Ko te paparanga o roto rawa e pā tika ana ki te toto. He mea tito mai i ngā pūtau endothelial maeneene hei whakaiti i te waku ki te toto e rere ana.
– Tunica Media: Ko te paparanga waenga matotoru rawa, he mea tito mai i te uaua maeneene me ngā muka rapa. Mā tēnei paparanga ka taea e ngā uaua te tu atu ki te pēhanga toto, ā, ka whakahaere i te whānui o te pūwero uaua mā te whakaheke me te whakangā o te uaua maeneene.
– Tunica Adventitia: Ko te paparanga o waho rawa i hangaia ki te kiko honohono. Mā tēnei paparanga ka tautoko i ngā uaua me te ngāwari hoki.
Hei tāpiri, he paparanga pīwariwari anō tō ngā uaua nunui pērā i te aorta e āwhina ana ki te whakangāwari me te whakataurite i te pikinga o te toto totoka ina kukū te ngākau.
2. Ngā uaua:
Ko ngā uaua he oko toto e whakahoki ana i te toto ki te ngākau, kei roto i te nuinga o te wā he toto e nui ana te waro hauhā. He angiangi ake, he iti ake te ngāwari o ngā pakitara o ngā uaua i ngā oko toto, nā te mea he iti iho te toto e pāngia ana e rātou. He takirere anō hoki ō ngā uaua e ārai ana i te rere o te toto ki muri, inā koa i roto i ngā oko toto roa pērā i ngā mea i roto i ngā waewae.
He rite te hanganga taketake o ngā uaua ki tērā o ngā uaua toto, e toru ngā paparanga (intima, media, me adventitia), engari he angiangi ake te tunica media, he matotoru ake te tunica adventitia.
3. Ngā uaua toto:
He uaua toto iti ngā uaua toto, he angiangi rawa ō rātou pakitara, he paparanga kotahi o ngā pūtau endothelial, e āwhina ana i te whakawhiti hau, matūkai, me ngā hua para i waenga i te toto me ngā kiko e karapoti ana. Ka hangaia e te whatunga uaua toto he piriti i waenga i ngā arterioles (ngā peka iti o ngā uaua toto) me ngā venule (ngā peka iti o ngā uaua toto). Nā te iti rawa o te rahi ka taea te hora i te mata pa nui, ka tukuna he āhuatanga pai mō te whakawhiti matū.
Te Mahi me te Mahi a te Pūnaha o Ngā Uaua Toto
Ko te mahi matua a ngā oko toto he tautoko i te rere pai o te toto, kia whiwhi ai ngā pūtau puta noa i te tinana i ngā matūkai me te hāora e tika ana, me te tango atu i ngā para. Ko ngā mahi me ngā tikanga o ngā oko toto ko:
– Te Tohatoha o te Hāora me ngā Matūkai: Ko te toto e pupuhihia ana e te ngākau ka kawe i te hāora me ngā matūkai mai i ngā pukahukahu me te pūnaha nakunaku puta noa i te tinana mā roto i ngā uaua.
– Te Kohikohi me te Kawe Para: I muri i te whakamahinga o te hāora me ngā matūkai e ngā pūtau o te tinana, ka whakahokia te hauhā me ētahi atu hua pākia ki te ngākau mā roto i ngā uaua hei whakaputa atu i te tinana, hei tukatuka atu rānei.
– Te Whakahaere i te Pēhanga Toto: He mahi nui tā ngā oko toto, inā koa ngā uaua toto, ki te whakahaere i te pēhanga toto mā roto i ngā tikanga o te vasoconstriction (te whakawhāiti i ngā oko toto) me te vasodilation (te whānui o ngā oko toto).
– Te Whakahaere i te Mahana o te Tinana: He mahi anō tā ngā uaua toto ki te whakahaere i te wera mā te whakahaere i te rere o te toto ki te kiri. Ina wera, ka whānui ngā uaua toto hei tuku i te wera ki te taiao. I tetahi atu taha, ina makariri, ka whakawhāiti ngā uaua toto hei pupuri i te wera o te tinana.
Ngā mate o ngā oko toto
Ka pāngia pea ngā uaua toto e ētahi āhuatanga hauora ka pā kino ki te hauora o te tangata. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
– Te Atherosclerosis: He āhuatanga e hangai ai te papa ngako ki ngā pakitara o roto o ngā uaua toto, ka whakaiti i tōna ngāwari me te whaiti i te ara rere o te toto. Ka arahi pea tēnei ki te mate manawa me te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te whiu.
– Ngā uaua varicose: Ka puta mai ina nui haere, ka piko haere ngā uaua nā te kore mahi tika o ngā takirere uaua, ā, ka puta pinepine i ngā waewae nā te nui rawa o te pēhanga i te tū.
– Aneurysm: Te whānui haere o te pakitara o te uaua nā te ngoikore, ka pakaru pea, ka puta he toto nui ki roto.
– Te toto toto tiketike (te toto toto tiketike): Ka nui rawa te taumahatanga o te toto toto tiketike i runga i ngā pakitara o te uaua, ka kino ai ngā oko toto me ētahi atu okana.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā uaua toto ki te pupuri i te hauora whānui me te mahi a te tinana. Mā te mārama ki tōna hanganga me tana mahi ka mārama ki te mahi a te pūnaha tohanga toto, ā, ka mārama hoki ki ngā momo āhuatanga hauora ka pā ki tēnei mahi. Ka āwhina te haumi ki tētahi momo noho hauora, tae atu ki te kai taurite me te whakakori tinana auau, ki te pupuri i te hauora o ngā uaua toto, te ārai i te mate, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga.
