Te Hanganga me te Mahi o te Pūnaha Io
Ko te pūnaha io tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino uaua, tino nui hoki o te tinana tangata. Koia te kawenga mō te whiwhi, te whakauru, me te urupare ki ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā taiao o waho me ngā taiao o roto. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te hanganga me te mahi a te pūnaha io, me te kapi i ōna wāhanga matua me te mahi tahi a ia huānga hei whakahohe i ngā mahi tinana kua taurite.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Pūnaha Io
E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha io: te pūnaha io matua (CNS) me te pūnaha io taha (PNS). Ko te pūnaha io matua ko te roro me te taurakira, e mahi ana hei pokapū whakahaere mō ngā mahi a te tinana. Ko te pūnaha io taha, kei roto ko ngā io katoa e hono ana ki te roro me te taurakira, e tuku ana i ngā mōhiohio tairongo mai i te tinana ki te CNS me ngā tohutohu nekeneke mai i te CNS ki ngā uaua me ngā whekau.
Hanganga o te Pūnaha Io
1. Pūnaha Io Matua
- Roro:
He okana te roro kei roto i te angaanga, ā, koia te pokapū whakahaere matua o te tinana. Kua wehea kia maha ngā wāhanga, tae atu ki te roro o mua, te roro waenga, me te roro o muri. He mahi motuhake tā ia wāhanga e whai wāhi ana ki te kaha ki te whakaaro, ki te maumahara, ki te rongo i ngā kare ā-roto, me te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio tairongo.
– Taura Tuaiwi:
Ko te taurakira he toronga o te roro e toro atu ana ki raro i te awa tuaiwi. Koinei te ara matua mō ngā karere e haere ana i waenganui i te roro me te tinana. Hei tāpiri, ko te taurakira anō hoki te kaiwhakahaere o ētahi o ngā urupare kāore e hiahiatia kia tukatukahia e te roro.
2. Pūnaha Io o te Rohe
– Ngā io angaanga:
Tekau mā rua ngā takirua io angaanga e puta tika mai ana i te roro. He mahi motuhake tā ia io, pērā i te hongi, te tirohanga, te nekehanga o ngā kanohi, te whakarongo, me te whakahaere i ngā uaua o te mata.
– Ngā io tuaiwi:
E 31 ngā takirua io tuaiwi e puta mai ana i te taurakira. Ko ēnei io te kawenga mō te tuku tohu pūoro me ngā tohu nekeneke i waenga i te taurakira me te toenga o te tinana.
Ngā Mahi a te Pūnaha Io
1. Te Mahi Pūoro
Ko te mahi a te pūnaha io e pā ana ki te kaha ki te rongo i ngā huringa o te taiao o roto, o waho hoki. Ka kitea e ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi io puta noa i te tinana ngā whakaohooho pēnei i te mārama, te oro, te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me ngā matū. Kātahi ka hurihia ēnei mōhiohio hei nekehanga hiko ka tukuna mā roto i ngā io ā-taha ki te CNS hei tukatuka atu.
2. Mahi a te Motuka
I muri i te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio pūoro, ka tukuna e te pūnaha io he urupare tika mā roto i ngā mahi nekeneke. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tuku tohu mai i te CNS ki ngā uaua me ngā repe. Ko ētahi tauira ko ngā nekehanga uaua angaanga tūao, pērā i te hikoi, te tuhituhi rānei, me ngā mahi aunoa, kore mohio, pērā i te tere o te ngakau, te nakunaku rānei.
3. Mahi Whakauru
Ka taea e te pūnaha io te whakauru i ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā puna maha hei whakaputa i tētahi urupare mārama. He maha ngā āhuatanga o tēnei tukanga, pērā i te whakatau kaupapa, te ako, me te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te kaha o te roro ki te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio pūoro, engari ki te penapena me te whakamahi hoki mō ngā urupare ā muri ake nei.
Ngā Wāhanga Pūtau o te Pūnaha Io
Ko te pūnaha io he mea hanga i ngā momo pūtau e rua: ko ngā pūtau neuron me ngā pūtau glial.
Neuron
Ko ngā neuron ngā waeine taketake o te pūnaha io, e kawenga ana mō te tuku i ngā hiko. Kei roto i ia neuron he tinana pūtau, he dendrite, me te axon. Ka whiwhi ngā dendrite i ngā tohu mai i ētahi atu neuron, ko te axon ia e tuku ana i aua tohu ki te neuron e whai ake nei, ki ngā pūtau whaihua rānei, pērā i ngā uaua me ngā repe.
Ngā Pūtau Glial
Ko te mahi a ngā pūtau glial he tautoko me te tiaki i ngā neurons. Ka whakaratohia e rātou ngā matūkai, ka pupuri i te taurite o ngā katote, ka tangohia hoki ngā para mai i ngā neurons. Ka hangaia hoki e rātou te myelin, he paparanga ārai e tere ake ai te tuku i ngā nekehanga io i ngā axons.
Ngā Mate me ngā Āhuatanga Kino o te Pūnaha Io
Ka taea e te ngoikore o te pūnaha io te arahi ki ngā momo āhuatanga ka pā ki te mahi tinana me te hinengaro. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga noa ko:
– Te mate a Alzheimer: He mate pirau e tohuhia ana e te ngaromanga o ngā neuron me te ngoikore o te kaha whakaaro.
– Te Mate Pukupuku Maha: He mate pūnaha ārai mate e pakaru ai te myelin e karapoti ana i ngā axon, ka whakararuraru i te tuku tohu io.
– Mate haurangi: He mate e tohuhia ana e ngā hopukanga auau nā te mahi hiko rerekē i roto i te roro.
Whakamutunga
He whatunga matatini te pūnaha io, he mea nui mō te oranga o ia rā. Mā te hononga me te mahi tahi i waenga i ōna wāhanga, ka taea e tēnei pūnaha te rongo, te neke, me te urutau ki te ao e karapoti nei i a tātou. Ehara i te mea he mea nui te mārama ki tōna hanganga me tana mahi mō te pūtaiao anake, engari mō te whakawhanake i ngā rongoā hauora mō te hunga e pāngia ana e ngā mate pūnaha io. Mā te rangahau tonu, e tumanako ana mātou ki te kimi i ngā otinga whai hua ake hei pupuri i te hauora o te pūnaha io me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga.
