Te Hiranga o ngā Tatauranga i roto i ngā Hononga ā-Ao
E māramahia ana te whanaungatanga ā-ao (IR) hei mara e hono tata ana ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te whiriwhiringa, te pakanga, te mahi tahi, me ngā whanaketanga mana i waenga i ngā iwi. Heoi, kei muri i ngā whaikōrero a ngā kaiārahi, ngā whakaaetanga maha-taha, ngā taupatupatu whenua-tōrangapū rānei e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā pāpāho, kei reira tētahi paparanga nui e kore e kitea: ko ngā raraunga. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai ngā tatauranga. Ehara ngā tatauranga i ngā tau noa iho i roto i tētahi ripanga; he huinga tikanga mō te kohikohi, te tukatuka, te whakamārama, me te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio kia mārama ake ai tātou ki ngā tauira ā-ao. I roto i te horopaki o ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao, ka āwhina ngā tatauranga ki te whakautu i ngā pātai "he aha te mea i tupu," "he aha i tupu ai," me "he aha te mea ka tupu i muri mai."
Ngā tatauranga hei pūtake mō te whakatau kaupapa ā-ao
I roto i ngā mahi whanaungatanga o te ao, kāore i te maha ngā whakataunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te māramatanga anake. Me whai whakaaro ngā whenua, ngā whakahaere o te ao, me ngā whakahaere kore-kāwanatanga ki ngā hua tōrangapū, ōhanga, pāpori, me te haumarutanga o tētahi kōwhiringa kaupapa here. Ko ngā tatauranga te pūtake mō te tautoko i ēnei whakataunga. Hei tauira, ina whakaarohia e tētahi whenua ngā āwhina tangata ki tētahi rohe pakanga, ko ngā raraunga mō te maha o ngā rerenga, ngā reiti kai koretake, te horapa o ngā mate, me te urunga ki ngā ratonga ka whakatau i ngā kaupapa matua o te wawaotanga. Ki te kore he tātari tatauranga tika, ka taea te he te aronga o te āwhina, te kore e whai hua, te whakanui ake rānei i te āhuatanga.
Pērā anō te āhua o ngā kaupapa here ā-ohanga ki tāwāhi. Ko ngā whakataunga ki te haina i ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko kore utu, ki te whakatinana i ngā taripa, ki te whakatuwhera rānei ki ngā haumitanga ki tāwāhi me tātari i ngā raraunga kaweake-kawemai, ngā toenga hokohoko, te whakataetae ahumahi, me ngā pānga ki te mahi. Mā ngā tatauranga ka āwhina i te ine i te pānga o ngā kaupapa here i roto i te huarahi hanganga, e āhei ai ngā kāwanatanga ki te aromatawai mēnā he tino painga te mehua ki te painga o te motu.
Te mārama ki ngā tauira o te pakanga me te rangimārie
Ko tētahi o ngā takoha nui a ngā tatauranga ki ngā whanaungatanga o te ao ko tōna kaha ki te tautuhi i ngā tauira o te pakanga, te tutu, me te tūranga o ngā take whakaoho. He maha ngā raraunga hītori e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rangahau mō te pakanga ā-iwi, te pakanga ā-iwi, te whakamataku, me ngā tautohe ā-rohe. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi tatauranga, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te tirotiro i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi pēnei i te rawakore, te kore taurite, te kore pumau o te tōrangapū, te kiato o te taupori, ngā pakanga rauemi rānei me te tūponotanga o te pakanga.
Hei tauira, mā ngā raraunga pakanga me ngā tohu ōhanga ka taea te matapae ko ēhea rohe kei te mōrearea ki te piki haere o te tutu. Ahakoa kāore e taea e ngā tatauranga te "matapae i te heke mai," ka taea e rātou te whakarato i ngā tauira aromatawai mōrearea whai hua mō ngā tari pupuri rangimārie, ngā misioni UN, ngā tāngata whenua rānei e mahi ana ki te aukati i ngā pakanga. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te whakatakoto kaupapa here e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga, kaua ki te urupare i muri i te pahūtanga o te pakanga.
Te ine i te mana me te awe o tētahi whenua
He maha ngā wā ka tautohetia te mana o tētahi iwi i roto i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao: ahakoa e whakatauhia ana e te awe hōia, te awe ōhanga, te awe hangarau, te awe tōrangapū rānei. Mā ngā tatauranga ka taea te ine i ēnei āhuatanga i roto i tētahi huarahi paerewa ake. Ko te Hua ā-Rohe Katoa (GDP), te whakapaunga tiaki, te taupū whanaketanga tangata (HDI), ngā taumata auaha, me te kaha hokohoko he tauira o ngā tohu e whakamahia ana hei whakataurite i ngā tūranga o ngā whenua.
Ko ngā tātaitai whakakotahi pēnei i te "mana ngohengohe" me te ataahua ahurea ka hangaia mai i te huinga o ngā taurangi kua tātaritatia. Mā tēnei, ko te tautohetohe mō "ko tēhea whenua he nui ake te mana" ehara i te mea he whakaaro noa iho engari ka taea te tautohetohe me ngā raraunga me ngā tikanga mārama. He pono, he herenga me ngā whakaaro pākiki tō ia tohu, engari mā ngā tatauranga ka whakaratohia he tukanga mārama mō te aromatawai me te arotake i ēnei inenga.
Te tūranga i roto i ngā take o te ao: te hauora, te āhuarangi me te hekenga
Ehara i te mea ko te pakanga me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero anake te kaupapa o ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao o ēnei rā, engari ko ngā take whakawhiti-rohe pērā i ngā mate urutā, te huringa āhuarangi, me te hekenga ā-ao. He nui te whakawhirinaki o ēnei take katoa ki ngā raraunga.
I roto i te hauora o te ao, ka whakamahia ngā tatauranga hei aroturuki i te horapa o ngā mate, ngā reiti werohanga, ngā reiti mate, me te kaha ki te tiaki hauora. Mā ēnei raraunga ka āwhina ngā whenua ki te whakarite, ki te whakatū kaupapa here haere, me te hoahoa i ngā kaupapa āwhina o te ao. I roto i te huringa āhuarangi, ko ngā tatauranga mō ngā tukunga waro, te pāmahana toharite, te pikinga o te taumata moana, me ngā tauira huarere tino kino te pūtake o ngā whiriwhiringa o te ao pērā i te Huihuinga o ngā Rōpū (COP). Ki te kore he raraunga pono, ka ngoikore ngā whakapau kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga nā te mea kāore he inenga ka taea te manatoko.
He take tatauranga nui anō hoki te hekenga: e hia ngā manene, nō hea rātou, he aha ngā āhuatanga matua, me te pānga ki te whenua e haere atu ana. He mea nui ēnei raraunga mō te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa here whakaruruhau, te whakaurunga hapori, te tiaki i ngā kaimahi manene, me te mahi tahi ā-rohe.
Te tautoko i te aromatawai me te kawenga a ngā whakahaere o te ao
Ko ngā whakahaere o te ao pēnei i te UN, te WHO, te IMF, te World Bank rānei e whakahaere ana i roto i ngā kaupapa nui e mimiti ana i te pūtea nui. He mea nui ngā tatauranga ki te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te kaupapa me te whakarite i te kawenga. Hei tauira, me aromatawai ngā kaupapa whakaiti rawakore mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga mō te moni whiwhi o te whānau, te urunga ki te mātauranga, ngā tohu hauora rānei. Waihoki, me aromatawai ngā kaupapa whakawhanake hanganga i ngā whenua whakawhanake mō ō rātou pānga ki te tipu ōhanga, te mahi, me te tohatoha o ngā painga.
Mā te aromatawai e ahu mai ana i ngā tatauranga ka āwhina i te karo i te huarahi "nā te mea kei te haere tonu te kaupapa". Mā tēnei ka taea te aromatawai tika ake: mēnā he angitu te wawaotanga, ko wai ka tino whai hua, me ngā āhuatanga me whakapai ake. Nō reira, ka whakatairangahia e ngā tatauranga te whakahaere ā-ao kia mārama ake.
Te tū atu ki ngā mahi whakatairanga, ngā kōrero teka, me te whakaaro pākiki
I te ao mōhiohio, ka pāngia hoki ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao e te pakanga kōrero. Ka taea te whakamahi raraunga hei tautoko i ētahi kereme, engari ka taea hoki te whakarerekē. Nō reira, he mea nui te mātauranga tatauranga hei wehewehe i ngā mōhiohio tika mai i ngā whakatairanga. Ko te mārama ki te pānui i ngā kauwhata, te manatoko i ngā pūtake raraunga, te aromatawai i ngā rahi tauira, me te mōhio ki ngā hononga rūpahu he pūkenga nui haere tonu mō ngā ākonga me ngā kaimahi o ngā Whakawhanaungatanga ā-Ao.
Ka āwhina hoki ngā tatauranga ki te hura i ngā whakaaro pākiki i roto i ngā pūrongo pāpāho, i ngā kaupapa here rānei. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā raraunga mō ngā mate o te iwi whānui te whakatika i ngā kōrero e whakaiti ana i te pānga o ngā mahi hōia. Ka taea e ngā raraunga mō te kore taurite o te hokohoko te whakaatu kāore i te ōrite tonu te mahi tahi ōhanga. Arā, ehara ngā tatauranga i te taputapu hangarau noa iho, engari he taputapu nui hoki mō te aromatawai i te pono o ngā kereme tōrangapū i te taumata o te ao.
Ngā pūkenga matua mō ngā ākonga whanaungatanga ā-ao me ngā kaitātari
Mō ngā ākonga o te Hononga ā-Ao, mā te mōhio ki ngā tatauranga ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rangahau pakari ake. Ehara i te mea he whakaahua noa te rangahau engari ka taea hoki te whakamātautau i ngā whakapae: mēnā he whai hua ngā whiu ōhanga, mēnā ka whakaitihia e te manapori te tūponotanga o te pakanga, me pēhea rānei te pānga o te āwhina mai i tāwāhi ki te pumau o te ao tōrangapū. Mā ngā pūkenga tatauranga, ka taea e ngā ākonga te whakamahi i ngā huinga raraunga o te ao, te whakahaere tātaritanga ia au, me te hanga tautohe pakari ake.
I te ao ngaio, me mātau ngā kaitātari kaupapa here o tāwāhi, ngā kaimahi rangahau, ngā kairīpoata o te ao, tae atu ki ngā tāngata whenua ki ngā raraunga. Me mārama rātou ki ngā pūrongo ōhanga, ngā tohu whanaketanga, ngā rangahau whakaaro tūmatanui puta noa i te whenua, me ngā matapae mōrearea ā-whenua. Mā tēnei pūkenga ka whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā taunakitanga kaupapa here, ā, ka whakakaha ake i tō rātou tūranga i roto i ngā kōrero rautaki.
Te mōhio ki ngā herenga o ngā tatauranga
Ahakoa he mea nui, ehara ngā tatauranga i te "whakautu katoa-i-te-kotahi". Kāore pea ngā raraunga i oti, he rerekē te kounga puta noa i ngā whenua, ā, kāore hoki ngā whakamāramatanga i te ōrite tonu. Hei tauira, ka taea te tatau i ngā tatauranga mō te kore mahi, te rawakore, te haumarutanga rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē, ā, he uaua ki te whakataurite tika. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā tatauranga te huna i ngā āhuatanga kounga pērā i te ahurea, te tuakiri, me ngā tirohanga e awe ana hoki i ngā mahi tōrangapū o te ao.
Nō reira, ko te huarahi pai rawa atu i roto i ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao ko te whakakotahi i te tātari tatauranga me te māramatanga hītori, te ariā tōrangapū, me ngā rangahau kounga. Ka āwhina ngā tatauranga ki te mahere i ngā tauira me ngā ia, ko te tātari kounga ia ka hohonu ake te horopaki me te tikanga kei muri i ngā tau.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā tatauranga i roto i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao, nā te mea ka āwhina i te hono i ngā uauatanga o te ao whānui mā te tātari ine me te hangai ki ngā taunakitanga. Mai i te whakatau kaupapa here o tāwāhi, te mahere mōrearea pakanga, me te ine i te mana o te kāwanatanga, ki te aromatawai i ngā kaupapa whanaketanga me te aro atu ki ngā take o te ao, ko ngā tatauranga te tūāpapa mō te māramatanga whānui ake ki ngā āhuatanga o te ao. I waenganui i te waipuke o ngā mōhiohio me ngā kōrero whakataetae, ko te mātauranga tatauranga he pareparenga anō hoki ki te whakarerekētanga raraunga me te kōrero hē. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā pūkenga tatauranga me te aro tātari ki te horopaki tōrangapū, ka taea e te ako i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao te whakaputa māramatanga koi ake me ngā kaupapa here whai hua ake mō te rangimārie me te whai rawa o te ao.
