Te Tukatuka Raraunga Tatauranga mā te whakamahi i te Excel
He taputapu nui a Microsoft Excel i roto i te ao tatauranga me te tātari raraunga. Nā ngā āhuatanga e taea ai te tukatuka i ngā raraunga nui, he maha ngā painga o Excel ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā hiahia tātari tatauranga mahi. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te tukatuka raraunga tatauranga mā te whakamahi i a Excel, mai i ngā āhuatanga taketake ki ngā tikanga tātari matatau ake.
1. Whakataki ki a Microsoft Excel
He pūmanawa ripanga tātaitai a Excel i whakawhanakehia e Microsoft. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo ahumahi, mai i te ao mātauranga ki te pakihi, nā te kaha o ōna āheinga tātari raraunga. He maha ngā mahi me ngā tātai, ngā kauwhata, me te kaha ki te whakahaere ngāwari i ngā raraunga nui a Excel.
2. Te tīmatanga ki a Excel
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakamahi i te Excel mō te tātari tatauranga ko te mārama ki tōna atanga me ngā āhuatanga taketake. Anei ngā taahiraa hei tīmatanga:
a. Whakatuwheratia te Excel ka Waihanga i tētahi Pukapuka Mahi Hou
I muri i te whakatuwheratanga o Microsoft Excel, ka taea e koe te waihanga i tētahi pukapuka mahi hou mā te pāwhiri i te 'Pukamahi Hou'. Ko te pukapuka mahi he kōnae Excel kei roto tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā raumahi.
b. Te Whakauru Raraunga
Ka taea te whakauru raraunga ki roto i ngā pūtau i roto i tētahi pepa mahi. He wāhitau ahurei tō ia pūtau, hei tauira, A1, B2, C3, me ērā atu. Ka taea te whakauru raraunga ki ngā tau, ki ngā tuhinga, ki ngā huinga rānei o ngā mea e rua.
c. Te Whakamahi i ngā Tātai me ngā Mahi
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o Excel ko tōna kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā tātai me ngā mahi. Ko te tātai he kīanga e tatau ana i tētahi uara mai i ngā raraunga i roto i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā pūtau. Ko ngā mahi he tātai kua hangaia ki roto i te Excel e mahi ana i ngā tātaitanga motuhake me te tere me te whai hua. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi taketake e whakamahia pinepinetia ana i roto i te tātari tatauranga ko:
– TĀPIRI: Ka tāpirihia he huinga tau.
"`hiranga
=TAMU(A1:A10)
""
– TOHARITE: Ka tatau i te toharite o tētahi huinga tau.
"`hiranga
=TOHARITE(B1:B10)
""
– TAU: Ka tatau i te maha o ngā pūtau kei roto ngā tau.
"`hiranga
=TAU(C1:C10)
""
– TE NUI me te MINITI: Ka kimi i ngā uara mōrahi me ngā uara iti rawa i roto i tētahi huinga tau.
"`hiranga
=TEITEI(D1:D10)
=MIN(E1:E10)
""
3. Tātaritanga Tatauranga Taketake
Kia mārama koe ki ngā kaupapa matua o te whakaurunga raraunga me ngā tataunga māmā, ka taea e koe te neke atu ki te tātari tatauranga taketake. Anei ētahi mahi ka taea e koe te mahi:
a. Te Tatau i ngā Tatauranga Whakaahuatanga
Mā ngā tatauranga whakaahua ka kitea he tirohanga whānui o ngā raraunga. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tatau i te toharite, te tau waenga, te aratau, te rerekētanga, me te paerewa rerekētanga. He maha ngā mahi kua hangaia ki roto i a Excel hei whakahaere i ēnei tataunga:
– TOHUTORO (Toharite):
"`hiranga
=TOHARITE(F1:F10)
""
– WAENGANUI (Uara waenga):
"`hiranga
=WAENGANUI(G1:G10)
""
– AROTA (Te uara e puta pinepine ana):
"`hiranga
=ARUTANGA(H1:H10)
""
– REREKĒTANGA (Rērekētanga):
"`hiranga
=VAR.P(I1:I10)
""
– TE PAEREWA WHAKAPĀNUI (Paerewa Whakapānuku):
"`hiranga
=STDEV.P(J1:J10)
""
b. Ngā Kauwhata me te Whakaaturanga Raraunga
Mā te whakaaturanga raraunga ka āwhina i te mārama ki ngā au me ngā tauira o tētahi huinga raraunga. He maha ngā momo tūtohi a Excel ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaatu ā-kanohi i ngā raraunga, tae atu ki ngā tūtohi pae, ngā tūtohi rārangi, ngā tūtohi histogram, me ngā tūtohi porowhita. Hei waihanga i tētahi tūtohi, tīpakohia noa te raraunga e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaatu, kātahi ka tīpako i te momo tūtohi e hiahiatia ana mai i te tahua 'Whakauru'.
4. Tātari Tatauranga Matatau
Mō te tātari tatauranga hōhonu ake, ka whakaratohia hoki e Excel ngā taputapu matatau ake. Ko tētahi o ēnei ko te Analysis ToolPak, he tāpiri-ake e tuku ana i ngā momo mahi tatauranga matatau. Anei ētahi tikanga ka taea e koe te whakamahi mā te whakamahi i te Analysis ToolPak:
a. Whakamuritanga Raina
Ko te whakatauira rārangi he tikanga tātari tatauranga e whakamahia ana hei mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi tonu e rua. Mā te Analysis ToolPak, ka taea e koe te mahi i ngā tatau whakatauira rārangi. Ko ngā mahi ēnei:
1. Whakahohehia te Analysis ToolPak:
– Haere ki te ripa 'Kōnae' > 'Ngā Kōwhiringa' > 'Ngā Tāpiri-mai'.
– Tīpakohia te 'Analysis ToolPak' kātahi ka pāwhiri i te 'Haere'.
– Tirohia te pouaka 'Analysis ToolPak' ka pāwhiri 'ĀE'.
2. Whakahaerehia te Whakamuritanga Raina:
– Kia whakahohehia te Analysis ToolPak, haere ki te ripa 'Raraunga' ka pāwhiri i te 'Tātari Raraunga'.
– Tīpakohia te 'Whakahokinga' kātahi ka pāwhiri i te 'Āe'.
– Whakauruhia te whānuitanga o Y (taurangi whakawhirinaki) me X (taurangi motuhake).
– Pāwhiritia te 'ĀE' hei tiki i ngā hua whakatauira.
b. Tātaritanga Rerekētanga (ANOVA)
Ka whakamahia te ANOVA hei whakatairite i ngā toharite o ngā rōpū e toru, neke atu rānei, me te whakatau mēnā he rerekētanga nui kei waenganui i a rātou. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te ANOVA mā te Analysis ToolPak, he rite tonu ki te whakatauranga raina. Tīpakohia te 'ANOVA' mai i te tahua 'Tātari Raraunga' ka whakauru i tō awhe raraunga.
c. Whakamātautau Whakaaro
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te Excel hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau whakapae maha, pērā i ngā whakamātautau-t me ngā whakamātautau chi-square. Kei roto i te Analysis ToolPak ēnei mahi, e whakangawari ana i ngā tataunga me te kore e hiahiatia he tātai uaua.
5. Tauira Take
Hei mārama ake ki te mahi a Excel i roto i te tukatuka raraunga tatauranga, me titiro tātou ki te tauira e whai ake nei:
Take: Tātari Hokonga Hua
Mehemea kei a koe ngā raraunga hoko o ia rā mō ngā hua e rua mō te marama, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te mārama ki ngā tauira hoko me te whakatairite mahi i waenga i ngā hua e rua.
1. Tāuruhia ngā Raraunga: Tāuruhia ngā raraunga hoko o ia rā mō ngā hua e rua ki ngā pou A me B.
2. Te Tātai i te Toharite me te Paerewa Rerekētanga:
– Whakamahia ngā mahi `AVERAGE` me `STDEV.P` mō ia hua.
– Tauira tātai:
"`hiranga
=AVERAGE(A2:A31) // Te toharite o te hua 1
=STDEV.P(A2:A31) // Paerewa rerekētanga o te hua 1
=AVERAGE(B2:B31) // Te toharite o te hua 2
=STDEV.P(B2:B31) // Paerewa rerekētanga o te hua 2
""
3. Whakaaturanga Raraunga: Waihangahia he kauwhata rārangi hei tiro i ngā au hokohoko o ia rā.
– Tīpakohia ngā raraunga kei roto i ngā pou A me B.
– Pāwhiritia 'Whakauru' > 'Tūtohi Raina' hei waihanga i tētahi tūtohi raina.
4. Whakahōungatanga Raina: Whakamahia te whakahōungatanga raina hei tirotiro mēnā kei te piki, kei te heke rānei te ia o ngā hoko.
– Whāia ngā mahi i runga ake nei hei whakahaere i te whakatauira rārangi mā te whakamahi i te Analysis ToolPak.
5. Te Whakamātautau-t hei Whakataurite Te Tikanga: Whakamahia te whakamātautau-t i roto i te Analysis ToolPak hei tirotiro mēnā he rerekētanga nui kei roto i te toharite o ngā hoko i waenga i ngā hua e rua.
Whakamutunga
He taputapu kaha a Microsoft Excel mō te tukatuka raraunga tatauranga. Mai i ngā tātai māmā ki te tātari tatauranga matatau, ka taea e Excel te whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā hiahia tātari. Mā te mārama pai ki ngā āhuatanga taketake me te kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu matatau pēnei i te Analysis ToolPak, ka taea e koe te mahi i ngā momo tātari tatauranga me te whai hua.
