Ngā Tikanga Tatauranga i roto i te Matawhenua
Pendahuluan
Ko te whenua te pūtaiao e ako ana i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te mata o te Ao, e pā ana ki te taiao (whenua ā-tinana) me te tangata me te ahurea (whenua tangata). He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he taputapu tātari me ngā tikanga tātari mō ngā rangahau whenua hei mārama ki ngā raraunga uaua. Ko tētahi tikanga e piki haere ana te rongonui ko te whakamahinga o ngā tatauranga. Ka whakaratohia e ngā tikanga tatauranga he anga pūnaha mō te kohikohi, te tātari, me te whakamārama i ngā raraunga whenua ā-wāhi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te hiranga o ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te whenua, me ētahi o ngā tikanga me ā rātou tono.
Te Hiranga o ngā Tatauranga i roto i te Matawhenua
Ko te ako i te whenua he nui ngā raraunga me tātari kia puta ai he mōhiohio whai hua. Kei roto i ēnei raraunga ko ngā mapi, ngā whakaahua amiorangi, ngā rangahau mara, me ngā raraunga taupori. Mā ngā tatauranga ka taea te whakarite i ēnei raraunga kia pai ake ai te mārama me te whakamārama. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga, ka taea e ngā tohunga whenua te tuhi i ngā whakarāpopototanga, te tautuhi i ngā tauira, te kite i ngā au, me te matapae.
Tikanga kohikohi raraunga
Ko te kohikohi raraunga te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te tātari tatauranga. Ko ētahi tikanga kohikohi raraunga i roto i te whenua ko:
1. Ngā Rangahau: Ko tēnei tikanga he kohikohi raraunga tika mai i ngā kaiwhakautu mā roto i ngā pātai, i ngā uiuinga rānei. He tino whai hua ngā rangahau mō te kohikohi raraunga taupori, raraunga pāpori-ōhanga rānei.
2. Te Pūrongo Mamao: Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te kohikohi raraunga mamao mā te whakamahi i ngā amiorangi, i ngā waka rererangi rānei. Ko ngā raraunga kua kohia he whakaahua, kātahi ka tātarihia mō ngā momo tono, pērā i te mahere whenua, ngā rangahau huringa āhuarangi, me te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga kino.
3. Ngā Raraunga Pūrongo Papa: Ko tēnei tikanga he kohikohi raraunga tika mai i te wāhi e akohia ana, pērā i te ine i te pāmahana, te haumākū, ngā āhuatanga oneone rānei.
Tātari raraunga
I muri i te kohikohinga raraunga, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tātari raraunga. Ko ētahi o ngā tikanga tatauranga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tātari ā-whenua ko:
1. Tatauranga Whakaahua: Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga taketake o ngā raraunga kua kohia. Kei roto i ngā tatauranga whakaahua te tatau i te toharite, te tau waenga, te aratau, te rerekētanga, me te paerewa rerekētanga. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā rangahau taupori, ka taea e te tau toharite, te taunga taupori rānei te whakarato i tētahi pikitia tuatahi o te taupori o tētahi rohe.
2. Tātari Whakamuri: Ka whakamahia tēnei tātari hei mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua, neke atu rānei. I roto i te whenua, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tātari whakamuri hei whakatauira i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi taiao (pēnei i te ua) me ngā taurangi tangata (pēnei i ngā hua o te hua). Ka taea e ngā tauira whakamuri rārangi māmā me ngā tauira whakamuri rārangi maha te āwhina i te matapae i te uara o tētahi taurangi whakawhirinaki i runga i ngā uara o ngā taurangi motuhake.
3. Tātari Rōpū: Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga hei whakarōpū i ngā raraunga ki ngā rōpū he rite ngā āhuatanga. I roto i te whenua, ka taea te whakamahi i te tātari rōpū hei tautuhi i ngā rohe he rite ngā āhuatanga taiao, pāpori-ōhanga rānei. Hei tauira, ngā rōpū ahuwhenua, ngā rōpū ahumahi, me ētahi atu.
4. Tātaritanga Tauwehe: Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga hei tautuhi i ngā taurangi kei raro i te hanganga raraunga. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tātaritanga tauwehe i roto i te rangahau matawhenua hei tautuhi i ngā tauwehe e awe ana i ētahi āhuatanga, pērā i te whanaketanga o te tāone, te tohatoha rānei o ngā kararehe.
5. Tatauranga Whenua: Ko tētahi peka o ngā tatauranga e tino pā ana ki te whenua ko te tatauranga whenua, e aro nui ana ki te tātari raraunga ā-wāhi. Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tatauranga whenua pēnei i a Kriging hei whakauru i ngā uara ki ngā wāhi kāore i kitea i runga i ngā uara i kitea. He tino whai hua tēnei ki te mahere me te tātari i te tohatoha ā-wāhi o ngā taurangi taiao.
Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Matawhenua
Kua kitea te tino whai hua o ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono whenua. Ko ētahi tauira ko:
1. Te Whakatauira i ngā Mōrearea Āhua Taiao: Ka whakamahia ngā tatauranga hei tātari i ngā raraunga hītori mō ngā āhuatanga ā-taiao pērā i ngā rū whenua, ngā waipuke, ngā puia rānei. Mā te whakamahi i te tātari whakatautau me ngā tikanga tūponotanga, ka taea e ngā tohunga te matapae i te tūponotanga o ngā āhuatanga ā-muri me te tautuhi i ngā wāhi e tino mōrearea ana.
2. Te Whakahaere Rauemi Taiao: Mā ngā tikanga tatauranga ka āwhina i te mahere me te aroturuki i ngā rauemi taiao pērā i te wai, ngā ngahere, me ngā kohuke. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tātaritanga taupū me te tatauranga whenua hei tautuhi i ngā wāhi whai rawa rauemi me te whakamahere i tō rātou whakamahinga pumau.
3. Ngā Rangahau Huringa Āhuarangi: Ka whakamahia te tātaritanga mamao me te tātaritanga tatauranga hei ako i te huringa āhuarangi o te ao mā te tātari i ngā raraunga roa mō te pāmahana, te ua, me ētahi atu taurangi. Ka taea te tautuhi i ngā au roa, ā, ka whakamahia hei hanga tauira e tohu ana i te huringa āhuarangi ā muri ake nei.
4. Te Whanaketanga Tāone: Mā te ako i te whenua tāone ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tatauranga hei tātari i te tipu o te tāone me te tohatoha o te taupori. Ko ētahi atu tātaritanga ka uru atu ki ngā pūnaha kawe waka, te whakamahinga whenua, me te whakamahere ā-wāhi. Hei tauira, ka taea e te tātaritanga tauwehe te āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga e akiaki ana i te noho tāone, engari ka taea e te tātaritanga whakatauira te matapae i te tipu o te tāone i runga i ngā taurangi ōhanga me te taupori.
5. Te Whakahaere Pūnaha Rauropi: Ka whakamahia ngā tatauranga hei whakatauira i ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha rauropi, hei mārama hoki ki ngā whanaketanga o te taiao. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia ngā tauira tūponotanga me te tātari whakatauira hei matapae i ngā tauira hekenga kararehe, ngā tohatoha momo, me ngā pānga o te huringa taiao ki ngā pūnaha rauropi.
Ngā Wero me ngā Huarahi
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o ngā tikanga tatauranga, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o ēnei tikanga i roto i te ao whenua. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
1. Te Uaua o ngā Raraunga: He tino uaua, kāore hoki he hanganga o ngā raraunga ā-whenua. Ka uaua ake pea te tātari tatauranga, ā, me whai tikanga motuhake.
2. Te Kore o te Pūtake me te Kore o te Otinga o ngā Raraunga: He maha ngā wā ka kitea te kore o te pūtake i roto i ngā raraunga kua kohia, ā, tera pea kāore anō kia oti. Ko te whakahaere me te whakatauira i tēnei kore pūtake he wero nui i roto i ngā tono tatauranga i roto i te whenua.
3. Te Hiahia mō te Mātauranga Maha-mātauranga: Ko te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te whenua me whai mātauranga i ngā mara e rua. He maha ngā wā ka puta he āputa mātauranga i waenga i ngā tohunga whenua me ngā tohunga tatauranga, ā, me whakakī mā te mahi tahi.
Heoi, ahakoa ngā wero, he maha ngā whai wāhitanga. Ko ngā whanaketanga hangarau nui, pērā i te rorohiko kapua me te matauranga horihori, kei te whakatuwhera i ngā whai wāhitanga hou mō te tukatuka raraunga nui i roto i te whenua. Kei te piki haere te matatau me te ngāwari o ngā taputapu tatauranga me ngā pūmanawa hou, e āwhina ana i te whakaurunga o ngā tikanga tatauranga ki roto i te rangahau whenua.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā tatauranga i roto i te tātari me te whakamārama i ngā raraunga ā-whenua i roto i te whenua. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa ngā tikanga tatauranga ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga taiao me ngā āhuatanga pāpori i runga i te mata o te Ao, engari ka taea hoki e ngā kairangahau te matapae, te whakatauira i ngā whanaungatanga uaua, me te whakatakoto kaupapa here e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga. Ahakoa he wero kei te haere tonu, ka taea e ngā whanaketanga hangarau me te pikinga ake o te mahi tahi maha-mātauranga te whakahaere i te tono o ngā tikanga tatauranga i roto i te whenua, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te rangahau me tōna tono hei painga mō te hapori me te taiao.
