Tikanga Whakamana Whakawhiti i roto i ngā Tatauranga
I roto i ngā tatauranga me te pūtaiao raraunga, ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ko te whakarite kia pai te mahi a te tauira i runga i ngā raraunga i whakangungua ai, engari kia pai hoki te mahi i runga i ngā raraunga hou, kāore i kitea i mua. E kiia ana tēnei raruraru ko te whakawhanui. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai te whakamana whakawhiti: he tikanga aromatawai tauira i hangaia hei ine i te mahi tauira kia tika, kia ōrite hoki i te aromatawai kotahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi huinga raraunga kotahi.
He aha i hiahiatia ai te Whakamana Whakawhiti?
Ina hangaia e mātou he tauira matapae—hei tauira, he tauira whakatauira hei matapae i ngā utu whare, he tauira whakarōpūtanga rānei hei kite i te pāme—ka wehea e mātou ngā raraunga kia rua ngā wāhanga: he huinga whakangungu me te huinga whakamātautau. Ka whakangungua te tauira i runga i ngā raraunga whakangungu, kātahi ka aromatawaihia i runga i ngā raraunga whakamātautau. He māmā noa iho tēnei huarahi, engari he ngoikoretanga: ka whakawhirinaki pea ngā hua aromatawai ki te āhua o te wehewehenga o ngā raraunga. Mena he "ngāwari" ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka kitea he teitei te mahi; ki te mea he "uaua" ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka kitea he iti te mahi.
Mā te whakamana-whakawhiti ka whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi huinga raraunga kotahi mā te whakahaere i ngā tukanga whakangungu me te whakamātautau maha i runga i ngā huinga raraunga rerekē, kātahi ka whakataurite i ngā hua. Ka hua ake tēnei i ngā whakatau tata mahi e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Whakamana Whakawhiti
Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakamana whakawhiti ko te wehewehe i ngā raraunga kia maha ngā wāhanga (ngā takai). I ia tāruarua, ka whakamahia ētahi takai hei whakangungu i te tauira, ā, ka whakamahia tētahi takai hei whakamātautau i te tauira. Ka whakahokia tēnei tukanga kia whakamahia rā anō ia takai hei raraunga whakamātautau. Kātahi ka whakakotahihia ngā kaute aromatawai mai i ia tāruarua (me te toharite, me te paerewa rerekētanga anō hoki i ētahi wā) hei whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whānui o te mahi a te tauira.
Hei tauira, i roto i te whakamana whakawhiti k-fold me te k=5, ka wehea ngā raraunga kia 5 ngā takahanga. Ko te tāruarua tuatahi: takahia te 1 hei whakamātautau, takahia te 2–5 hei whakangungu. Ko te tāruarua tuarua: takahia te 2 hei whakamātautau, ā, pērā tonu tae noa ki te takahanga 5.
Ngā Momo Whakamana Whakawhiti Noa
1. Whakamana Whakaroa (Wehenga Whakamātautau-Whakangungu)
Ahakoa ehara i te mea he "whakamana-whakahoki" i te tikanga hangarau, he maha ngā wā ka kiia te tikanga pupuri-kore he taahiraa whakamana taketake. Ka wehea ngā raraunga kotahi, hei tauira, 80% te whakangungu me te 20% te whakamātautau. Ko te painga he tere me te ngāwari, engari ko te ngoikoretanga ko te nui o te rerekētanga o ngā hua nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wehenga kotahi.
Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga ina tino nui ngā raraunga, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i tētahi wāhanga kotahi.
2. Whakamanatanga Whakawhiti K-Fold
Koinei te momo whakamana whakawhiti tino rongonui. He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria te tawhā k hei 5, hei 10 rānei nā te mea e whakaarohia ana hei whakataurite i te utu tātaitai me te kounga whakatau tata.
Te taikaha:
– Te whakamahi i ngā raraunga kia pai ake te whai hua (ka noho ia raraunga hei wāhanga o te whakangungu me te whakamātautau).
– He pumau ake ngā whakatau tata mahi i ngā whakatau tata mahi.
Te korenga:
– Ka roa ake te wā nā te mea e k ngā wā e whakangungu ai i te tauira.
– Mena he tino nui ngā raraunga, he tino uaua rānei te tauira, ka nui pea ngā utu tātaitanga.
3. Whakamanatanga Whakawhiti K-Fold Whakarōpūtia
Mō ngā raruraru whakarōpūtanga, inā koa mēnā kāore i te taurite ngā akomanga (hei tauira, 90% kino, 10% pai), ka taea e te k-fold noa te whakaputa i ngā kōpaki me ngā tohatoha akomanga piko. Mā te k-fold paparanga ka whakarite kia tata rite te ōwehenga o ngā akomanga i roto i ia kōpaki ki te ōwehenga o ngā akomanga i roto i ngā raraunga taketake.
He mea tino nui tēnei mō te aromatawai i ngā tauira kimi mate, i te tinihanga, i ētahi atu take rānei ina iti te hunga tokoiti.
4. Whakamana Whakawhiti Waiho-Kotahi-Waho (LOOCV)
I roto i te LOOCV, he ōrite te maha o ngā takai ki te nui o ngā raraunga (k = n). Ko te tikanga o tēnei, i ia tāruarua, kotahi anake te kitenga ka waiho hei raraunga whakamātautau, ko te toenga ka waiho hei raraunga whakangungu.
Te taikaha:
– E whakamahia ana te nuinga o ngā raraunga mō te whakangungu i ia tāruarua, nō reira ka iti pea te pānga whakatau tata.
Te korenga:
– He tino utu nui te rorohiko mō ngā huinga raraunga nunui.
– Ka teitei pea te rerekētanga whakatau tata i roto i ētahi momo raruraru nā te mea kotahi noa te tohu o te huinga whakamātautau mō ia tāruarua.
Ka whakamahia te LOOCV ina he iti noa ngā raraunga, hei tauira, ko te rangahau me te iti o te tauira.
5. Whakamanatanga Whakawhiti K-Fold Whakahoki Anō
Ka tāruatia e tēnei tikanga te k-fold i ngā wā maha me ngā momo whakaritenga kōpuku rerekē (matapōkere). Ko te whāinga he whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te whakaritenga kōpuku kotahi, me te whakaputa whakatau tata pumau ake.
Hei tauira, ko te tikanga o te "10-fold recurred 3 times" ko te oma 10-fold 3 times (e 30 katoa ngā whakangungu me ngā aromatawai).
6. Whakamana Whakawhiti Raupapa Wā
Mō ngā raraunga raupapa wā, kāore e pai te whakamana whakawhiti tikanga nā te mea ka "tuku te heke mai" ki roto i te tukanga whakangungu. I roto i ngā raupapa wā, me tiaki te raupapa wā. Nō reira, ko ngā huarahi pēnei i:
– Matapihi hurihuri/paheke: whakangungua i te wā tuatahi, kātahi ka whakamātautau i te wā e whai ake nei, kātahi ka neke te matapihi.
– Te whakawhānui i te matapihi: ka piki ake ngā raraunga whakangungu i roto i te wā, kātahi ka whakamatautauria i te wā e whai ake nei.
He mea nui tēnei tikanga mō te matapae hoko ā-marama, ngā utu hea, ngā pūoko wā-tūturu rānei.
Ngā Inenga Aromatawai i roto i te Whakamana Whakawhiti
He anga aromatawai noa iho te whakamana whakawhiti; ko ngā inenga e whakamahia ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo raruraru:
– Whakamuritanga: MSE, RMSE, MAE, R-tapawhā.
– Whakarōpūtanga: tika, pūmau, maumahara, kaute-F1, ROC-AUC.
– Whakarōpūtanga kore taurite: ROC-AUC, PR-AUC (tika-whakamaumahara), tika taurite.
Ko ngā hua o te whakamana-whakawhiti ka tukuna hei toharite ine me te paerewa rerekētanga (hei tauira, te tika 0,89 ± 0,03). Mā te paerewa rerekētanga ka mārama ki te pumau o te tauira.
Whakamana Whakawhiti mō te Kōwhiringa Tauira me te Whakatūnga Tawhā
Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua o te whakamana whakawhiti ko te whiriwhiri tauira me te whakatikatika i ngā tawhā nui. Hei tauira:
– Te whiriwhiri i te k i roto i te k-NN.
– Tīpakohia te hohonutanga mōrahi i roto i te rākau whakatau.
– Whakatauhia ngā tawhā whakatikatika i roto i te whakatauira hiwi/rāhi.
– Whakatauhia te C me te gamma i roto i te SVM.
I roto i ngā mahi pai, ka mahia te tukanga whakatikatika i runga i ngā raraunga whakangungu mā te whakamahi i te whakamana whakawhiti, ko ngā raraunga whakamātautau whakamutunga ka puritia motuhaketia mō te aromatawai whakamutunga. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te "tino hihiri" nā te mea kua tino ōrite te tauira ki ngā raraunga aromatawai.
Ko tētahi huarahi pakari ake e kiia ana ko te whakamana-whakawhiti kōpikopiko, arā, ko te whakamana-whakawhiti i roto i te whakamana-whakawhiti: ko te koropiko o waho hei aromatawai, ko te koropiko o roto hei whakatikatika. He mea rongonui tēnei i roto i ngā rangahau nā te mea ka whakaratohia he whakatau tata mahi kore whakaaro.
Ngā Painga me ngā Here o te Whakamana Whakawhiti
Ngā painga matua:
1. Ka whakarato i ngā whakatau tata mahi pumau ake i te wehewehenga takitahi.
2. Whakamahia ngā raraunga me te whai hua, inā koa he iti te huinga raraunga.
3. Āwhina ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi tauira whānui ake, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te rahi rawa o te taunga.
Te Whakatakotoranga:
1. Ka piki ake ngā utu tātai i te mea ka maha ngā wā ka whakahokia te whakangungu.
2. Tērā pea ka turuturu tonu ngā raraunga mēnā kāore i te tika te tukatuka i mua.
3. Mō ngā raraunga kua whakarōpūtia (hei tauira, ngā raraunga tūroro he maha ngā tuhinga), me whai tikanga motuhake, pērā i te k-fold rōpū, kia kore ai tetahi tangata e puta mai i roto i te tereina me te whakamātautau i te wā kotahi.
Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Whakamahi i te Whakamana Whakawhiti
Kia tika ai te aromatawai, me whai i ētahi mātāpono nui:
– Whakahaerehia te tukatuka-mua (te whakataurite, te whakatauira, te kōwhiringa āhuatanga) i roto i ia kōpaki, kaua i te kotahi noa mō ngā raraunga katoa. Ki te kore, ka turuturu pea ngā mōhiohio mai i te kōpaki whakamātautau ki roto i te kōpaki tereina.
– Whakamahia te k-fold paparanga mō te whakarōpūtanga me ngā akomanga kāore i te taurite.
– Whakamahia he kaupapa motuhake mō ngā raraunga raupapa wā kia kore ai e takahia te raupapa.
– Waiho te huinga whakamātautau whakamutunga mēnā ko tāu whāinga he aromatawai i te mahi whakamutunga o te tauira i mua i te whakatinanatanga.
Te Katinga
He taputapu matua te whakamana-whakawhiti i roto i ngā tatauranga me te ako mīhini hei aromatawai i te mahi tauira me te tika me te pakari. Mā te whakamahi i te tiritiri raraunga auau, ka āwhina te whakamana-whakawhiti ki te whakaiti i te whakaaro pōhēhē i puta mai i te kōwhiringa wehewehe whakamātautau-tereina, ka kitea te taunga nui, ā, ka tautoko i te kōwhiringa tauira me te whakatikatika i ngā tawhā nui. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tātai, he pai tonu ngā painga, inā koa he iti te huinga raraunga, he nui rānei ngā hua o ngā whakataunga i runga i ngā hua tauira. Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo whakamana-whakawhiti tika me te whakatinana i ngā mahi pai, ka taea e tātou te hanga tauira pono ake kua rite ki te whakamahi i runga i ngā raraunga o te ao tūturu.
