Te Hononga me te Whakamuri i roto i ngā Tatauranga
Ko te tatauranga he peka o te pāngarau e aro ana ki te kohikohi, te tātari, te whakamārama, me te whakaaturanga raraunga. E rua ngā ariā tino nui i roto i ngā tatauranga ko te hononga me te whakatauira. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei ariā i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki te ōhanga, te koiora, ngā pūtaiao pāpori, me te hangarau, hei matapae me te mārama ki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi.
Hononga
I roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, ko te hononga he ine i te kaha me te ahunga o te whanaungatanga rārangi i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua. Ka taea te whiwhi hononga mā te tauwehenga hononga, e tohuhia ana ko \( r \). Ko te uara o \( r \) kei waenga i te -1 ki te +1. Anei te whakamāramatanga o te uara o \( r \):
– \( r = +1 \): E tohu ana i tētahi whanaungatanga rārangi pai tino tika i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua, ina piki ake tētahi taurangi, ka whai tonu mai tētahi atu taurangi i te pikinga.
– \( r = -1 \): E tohu ana i tētahi whanaungatanga rārangi kino tino tika, ina piki ake tētahi taurangi ka whai tonu i te hekenga o tētahi atu taurangi.
– \( r = 0 \): Kāore he whanaungatanga rārangi i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko te uara o te \( r \) e tata ana ki te +1, ki te -1 rānei e tohu ana i te whanaungatanga raina kaha, ko te uara ia o te \( r \) e tata ana ki te 0 e tohu ana i te whanaungatanga ngoikore.
Ngā Tauira o te Hononga i roto i te Mahi
Hei tauira, me kī tātou e hiahia ana ki te whakatau mēnā he whanaungatanga kei waenganui i te nui o te wā e pau ana i ngā ākonga ki te ako me ā rātou kaute whakamātautau. Ka taea e tātou te kohikohi raraunga mai i tētahi rōpū ākonga mō te maha o ngā hāora e pau ana i a rātou ki te ako me ā rātou kaute whakamātautau. Kātahi ka taea e tātou te tatau i tētahi tauwehenga hononga hei whakatau i te kaha o te whanaungatanga i waenganui i ngā taurangi e rua.
Mena ka whakaatuhia e ngā hua tātai he uara o \( r = 0.8 \), ka taea e tātou te whakatau he hononga pai kaha kei waenganui i te nui o te wā ako me ngā kaute whakamātautau. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka nui ake te wā e pau ana i ngā ākonga ki te ako, ka teitei ake ā rātou kaute whakamātautau.
Ngā Here o te Hononga
Ahakoa he nui ngā kōrero whai hua e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua, he mea nui kia mahara ko te whanaungatanga ehara i te mea he take. Ahakoa he kaha te whanaungatanga o ngā taurangi e rua, ehara i te mea ka puta he panoni i roto i tētahi taurangi. Tērā pea nā ētahi atu taurangi kāore i kitea tēnei whanaungatanga.
Hokinga whakamuri
Ko te whakatauira, inā koa ko te whakatauira rārangi, he tikanga tatauranga e whakamahia ana hei whakatauira me te tātari i te whanaungatanga i waenga i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā taurangi motuhake (ngā matapae) me tētahi taurangi whakawhirinaki (te urupare). Mā te whakatauira ka taea e tātou te matapae i te uara o tētahi taurangi whakawhirinaki i runga i ngā uara o ngā taurangi motuhake, me te mārama ki te whānuitanga o te awe o ngā taurangi motuhake ki te taurangi whakawhirinaki.
Ko te whakatauira raina māmā he taurangi motuhake kotahi me te taurangi whakawhirinaki kotahi. Ko te tauira whakatauira raina māmā e whakaatuhia ana e te whārite:
\[ Y = a + bX + \epsilon \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te taurangi whakawhirinaki ko \( Y \).
– Ko te taurangi motuhake ko \( X \).
– Ko te \( a \) te haukoti (te uara o \( Y \) ina \( X = 0 \)).
– Ko te \( b \) te tauwehenga whakatauira (te pikinga o te rārangi whakatauira).
– Ko te hapa, ko te toenga rānei te \( \epsilon \), arā, te rerekētanga i waenga i te uara i kitea me te uara i matapaetia.
Ngā Tauira o te Whakamuri i roto i te Mahi
Hei tauira, i roto i te tauira kotahi me te wā ako me ngā kaute whakamātautau, e hiahia ana mātou ki te matapae i ngā kaute whakamātautau i runga i te maha o ngā hāora ako. Ka kohia e mātou ngā raraunga mai i ētahi ākonga, kātahi ka whakamahia te tātaritanga whakatauira rārangi hei kimi i te whārite o te rārangi whakatauira.
Hei tauira, mā ngā hua o te tātari ka puta te whārite whakatauira:
\[ \text{Kaute Whakamātautau} = 50 + 5 \times (\text{Ngā Hāora Ako}) \]
Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ko ia haora tāpiri e pau ana ki te ako ka piki ake te kaute whakamātautau mā te 5 ngā piro, me te taumata tūāpapa (tauwhitinga) o te 50 ngā piro.
Te Whakamahinga Ngātahi o te Hononga me te Whakamuri
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia te hononga me te whakatauira hei whiwhi i tētahi pikitia whānui ake mō te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi. Tuatahi, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te hononga hei whakatau mena he whanaungatanga nui kei waenga i ngā taurangi e rua. Mena he whanaungatanga nui, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i te whakatauira hei whakatauira i taua whanaungatanga me te matapae.
Te Tātaritanga Hononga me te Whakamuri i roto i te Rangahau
I roto i te horopaki o te rangahau pūtaiao, he mea nui te tātari hononga me te tātari whakatauira. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau te hononga hei tūhura i ā rātou raraunga me te kimi i ngā tauira, i ngā whanaungatanga rānei tuatahi. Kia kitea he whanaungatanga nui, ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i te whakatauira hei whakatauira hōhonu ake, hei whakamātautau hoki i ā rātou whakapae.
Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi rangahau mō ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te hauora hinengaro, ka kitea pea e tētahi kairangahau he hononga kino nui i waenga i ngā taumata ahotea me te kounga o te moe. Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakamahi i te whakatauira hei whakatauira i tēnei whanaungatanga me te whakatau i te nui o te pānga o te ahotea ki te kounga o te moe. Ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whakamahi i te tauira whakatauira ka puta mai hei matapae me te whakawhanake i ngā wawaotanga whai hua ake hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te moe o te hunga he nui ngā taumata ahotea.
Whakamutunga
He tikanga tatauranga tino whai hua te hononga me te whakatauira e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tātari raraunga. Mā te hononga ka mārama tātou ki te kaha me te ahunga o te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua, engari mā te whakatauira ka taea e tātou te whakatauira i taua whanaungatanga me te matapae.
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara kāore te hononga e tohu ana i te take, ā, me āta whakamārama ngā hua tātari whakatauira, me te whakaaro ki te tūponotanga o te whakapoauau, te whakakore rānei i ngā taurangi. Mā te whakamahi tika i ēnei tikanga e rua ka taea te whakarato i ngā māramatanga hōhonu, ā, ka āwhina i a tātou ki te whakatau pai ake i runga i ngā raraunga.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te hononga me te whakatauira he taputapu matua mō te tātari raraunga e taea ai te whakarato i ngā aratohu me ngā māramatanga whai hua i roto i ngā momo mara rangahau me ngā tono mahi. Mā te māramatanga hōhonu me te whakamahinga tika, ka taea e tātou te tukatuka me te whakamārama i ngā raraunga me te whai hua ake, me te tika ake.
